Ebook: Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement:: Forage Crops

In recent decades, livestock producers have moved away from open grazing for a number of reasons, none having to do with the health of consumers. Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement: Forage Crops demonstrates how state-of-the-art technology can encourage the raising of livestock in open pastures where they can be fed grasses grown in nature rather than meals enriched with hormones and other by-products.

The volume brings together the world’s leading innovators in crop science who furnish information on the availability of germplasm resources that breeders can exploit for the improvement of major forage crop varieties including alfalfa, wheatgrass and wildrye grasses, Bahiagrass, birdsfoot trefoil, clover, Bermudagrass, and ryegrass.

An introductory chapter outlines the cytogenetic architecture of forage crops, describes the principles and strategies of cytogenetic and breeding manipulations, and summarizes landmark research. Ensuing chapters provide a comprehensive account of each crop: its origin; wild relatives; exploitation of genetic resources in the primary, secondary, and tertiary, and, where feasible, quarternary gene pools through breeding and cytogenetic manipulation; and genetic enrichment using the tools of molecular genetics and biotechnology.

. Certain to become the standard reference, this volume—

• Discusses taxonomy, genomic and chromosomal constitution, and the geographical distribution
• Stresses the role of germplasm exploration, maintenance, and assimilation for increasing yield
• Presents practical improvement methodologies including conventional, cytogenetic, mutation, molecular, cell and tissue cultures, and genetic transformation

In addition to serving as fodder, forage crops provide ground cover, aid in abetting erosions, yield a number of pharmaceuticals, and are critical to honey production. Solving the world’s food crisis requires approaches that will lead to healthier, more enriched food sources, as well as more bountiful harvests. It also requires that we make the best use of resources we have. Moving livestock away from grain and back to forage crops is one approach that can help us achieve a balanced food chain capable of meeting ever-growing demand.

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This two-volume work surveys the entire range of general aspects of chromosome research in plants. The first volume covers cytogenetics of cereals and millets with more than one chapter being devoted to the same crop to give a detailed treatment to an up-to-date status of chromosome research. This second volume deals with cytogenetics of plant materials including legumes, vegetable and oil crops, sugar crops, forage crops: fibre crops, medicinal crops and ornamentals. The book will be useful both as a reference work and a teaching aid to satisfy a wide range of workers. Every chapter has been. Read more... Content: Front Cover; Chromosome Engineering in Plants: Genetics, Breeding, Evolution; Copyright Page; Preface; Table of Contents; List of Contributors; Chapter 1. Cytogenetics and Related Aspects in Some Pulse Crops; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK.); 3. CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L); 4. PIGEONPEA (CAJANUS CAJAN (L.) MILLSP.); 5. MUNGBEAN {VIGNA RADIATA (L) WILCZEK) AND URD (VIGNA MUNGO (L) HEPPER); REFERENCES; Chapter 2. Use of Mutations for Chromosome Mapping and Breeding in Pisum; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. PISUM CYTOGENETICS; 3. MUTAGENESIS IN PISUM SATIVUM; 4. CONCLUSIONS; REFERENCES. Chapter 3. Cytogenetics of the Genus Glycine1. THE GENUS GLYCINE; 2. CHROMOSOME NUMBERS; 3. SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SUBGENUS GLYCINE; 4. SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SUBGENUS SOJA; 5. INTERSUBGENERIC HYBRIDS; 6. SOYBEAN CYTOGENETICS; REFERENCES; Chapter 4. Cytogenetics and Use of Alien Genetic Variation in Groundnut Improvement; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. CYTOGENETICS OF ARACHIS; 3. ARACHIS GENE POOL; 4. ALIEN GENE TRANSFER; 5. POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS; REFERENCES; Chapter 5. The Use of Potato Haploids in Genetics and Breeding; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. ROLE OF HAPLOIDS IN CYTOGENETIC RESEARCH. 3. ROLE OF HAPLOIDS IN EVOLUTIONARY STUDIES4. ROLE OF HAPLOIDS IN GENETIC RESEARCH; 5. ROLE OF HAPLOIDS IN GERMPLASM UTILIZATION; 6. ROLE OF HAPLOIDS IN POTATO BREEDING; 7. CONCLUSIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 6. Phylogenese Relationships in the Potato and its Related Species; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. GENOME RELATIONSHIPS IN POTATO SPECIES; 3. EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS OF CULTIVATED POTATOES; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; REFERENCES; Chapter 7. Lycopersicon Cytogenetics; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. HISTORY OF TOMATO CYTOGENETICS; 3. CYTOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF TOMATO CHROMOSOMES; 4. EUPLOIDY AND ANEUPLOIDY. 5. ASSIGNMENT OF GENES AND LINKAGE GROUPS TO CHROMOSOMES6. TRANSLOCATIONS; 7. TOLERANCE OF EXTRA CHROMOSOMES IN THE TOMATO; 8. THE NATURE OF HETEROCHROMATIN IN THE TOMATO; 9. CYTOGENETICS OF SPECIES HYBRIDS; 10. RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; REFERENCES; Chapter 8. Cytogenetics and Evolution of Capsicum L; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. BREEDING SYSTEMS AND THEIR EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; 3. BARRIERS TO INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDISATION; 4. CHROMOSOMAL EVOLUTION IN CAPSICUM; 5. GENETIC LINKAGE GROUPS IN CAPSICUM; 6. ASSOCIATION OF LINKAGE GROUPS WITH CHROMOSOMES. 7. GENETIC CONTROL OF RESISTANCE TO PESTS AND DISEASES8. HAPLOID PRODUCTION AND USE OF DOUBLED HAPLOIDS IN GENETIC ANALYSIS; 9. TRANSFORMATION IN CAPSICUM; 10. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 9. Cytogenetics of Crop Brassicas and Their Allies; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. THE BRASSICA GENOMES; 3. GENOME MANIPULATIONS; 4. INTROGRESSION OF GENES; 5. CYTOGENETICS OF WILD BRASSICAS AND THEIR ALLIES; 6. CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY; 7. GENETIC CONTROL OF IN VITRO REGENERATION; 8. GENETIC MANIPULATION AT CELLULAR LEVEL; 9. ORIGIN AND DIFFERENTIATION OF CROP BRASSICAS; 10. FUTURE APPROACHES. Abstract: This two-volume work surveys the entire range of general aspects of chromosome research in plants. The first volume covers cytogenetics of cereals and millets with more than one chapter being devoted to the same crop to give a detailed treatment to an up-to-date status of chromosome research. This second volume deals with cytogenetics of plant materials including legumes, vegetable and oil crops, sugar crops, forage crops: fibre crops, medicinal crops and ornamentals. The book will be useful both as a reference work and a teaching aid to satisfy a wide range of workers. Every chapter has been

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This two-volume work surveys the entire range of general aspects of chromosome research in plants. The first volume covers cytogenetics of cereals and millets with more than one chapter being devoted to the same crop to give a detailed treatment to an up-to-date status of chromosome research. This second volume deals with cytogenetics of plant materials including legumes, vegetable and oil crops, sugar crops, forage crops: fibre crops, medicinal crops and ornamentals. The book will be useful both as a reference work and a teaching aid to satisfy a wide range of workers. Every chapter has been. Read more... Content: Front Cover; Chromosome Engineering in Plants: Genetics, Breeding, Evolution; Copyright Page; Preface; Table of Contents; List of Contributors; Chapter 1. Cytogenetics and Related Aspects in Some Pulse Crops; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK.); 3. CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L); 4. PIGEONPEA (CAJANUS CAJAN (L.) MILLSP.); 5. MUNGBEAN {VIGNA RADIATA (L) WILCZEK) AND URD (VIGNA MUNGO (L) HEPPER); REFERENCES; Chapter 2. Use of Mutations for Chromosome Mapping and Breeding in Pisum; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. PISUM CYTOGENETICS; 3. MUTAGENESIS IN PISUM SATIVUM; 4. CONCLUSIONS; REFERENCES. Chapter 3. Cytogenetics of the Genus Glycine1. THE GENUS GLYCINE; 2. CHROMOSOME NUMBERS; 3. SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SUBGENUS GLYCINE; 4. SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SUBGENUS SOJA; 5. INTERSUBGENERIC HYBRIDS; 6. SOYBEAN CYTOGENETICS; REFERENCES; Chapter 4. Cytogenetics and Use of Alien Genetic Variation in Groundnut Improvement; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. CYTOGENETICS OF ARACHIS; 3. ARACHIS GENE POOL; 4. ALIEN GENE TRANSFER; 5. POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS; REFERENCES; Chapter 5. The Use of Potato Haploids in Genetics and Breeding; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. ROLE OF HAPLOIDS IN CYTOGENETIC RESEARCH. 3. ROLE OF HAPLOIDS IN EVOLUTIONARY STUDIES4. ROLE OF HAPLOIDS IN GENETIC RESEARCH; 5. ROLE OF HAPLOIDS IN GERMPLASM UTILIZATION; 6. ROLE OF HAPLOIDS IN POTATO BREEDING; 7. CONCLUSIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 6. Phylogenese Relationships in the Potato and its Related Species; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. GENOME RELATIONSHIPS IN POTATO SPECIES; 3. EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS OF CULTIVATED POTATOES; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; REFERENCES; Chapter 7. Lycopersicon Cytogenetics; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. HISTORY OF TOMATO CYTOGENETICS; 3. CYTOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF TOMATO CHROMOSOMES; 4. EUPLOIDY AND ANEUPLOIDY. 5. ASSIGNMENT OF GENES AND LINKAGE GROUPS TO CHROMOSOMES6. TRANSLOCATIONS; 7. TOLERANCE OF EXTRA CHROMOSOMES IN THE TOMATO; 8. THE NATURE OF HETEROCHROMATIN IN THE TOMATO; 9. CYTOGENETICS OF SPECIES HYBRIDS; 10. RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; REFERENCES; Chapter 8. Cytogenetics and Evolution of Capsicum L; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. BREEDING SYSTEMS AND THEIR EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; 3. BARRIERS TO INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDISATION; 4. CHROMOSOMAL EVOLUTION IN CAPSICUM; 5. GENETIC LINKAGE GROUPS IN CAPSICUM; 6. ASSOCIATION OF LINKAGE GROUPS WITH CHROMOSOMES. 7. GENETIC CONTROL OF RESISTANCE TO PESTS AND DISEASES8. HAPLOID PRODUCTION AND USE OF DOUBLED HAPLOIDS IN GENETIC ANALYSIS; 9. TRANSFORMATION IN CAPSICUM; 10. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 9. Cytogenetics of Crop Brassicas and Their Allies; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. THE BRASSICA GENOMES; 3. GENOME MANIPULATIONS; 4. INTROGRESSION OF GENES; 5. CYTOGENETICS OF WILD BRASSICAS AND THEIR ALLIES; 6. CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY; 7. GENETIC CONTROL OF IN VITRO REGENERATION; 8. GENETIC MANIPULATION AT CELLULAR LEVEL; 9. ORIGIN AND DIFFERENTIATION OF CROP BRASSICAS; 10. FUTURE APPROACHES. Abstract: This two-volume work surveys the entire range of general aspects of chromosome research in plants. The first volume covers cytogenetics of cereals and millets with more than one chapter being devoted to the same crop to give a detailed treatment to an up-to-date status of chromosome research. This second volume deals with cytogenetics of plant materials including legumes, vegetable and oil crops, sugar crops, forage crops: fibre crops, medicinal crops and ornamentals. The book will be useful both as a reference work and a teaching aid to satisfy a wide range of workers. Every chapter has been