Ebook: The Knee Joint: Surgical Techniques and Strategies

Pushed by the progress of biology, technology and biomechanics, knee surgery has dramatically evolved in the last decades. This book is a "state of the art" concerning all aspects of knee surgery from ligament reconstruction to Total Knee Arthroplasty. An international panel of renowned authors have worked on this didactic fully illustrated book. It will help young surgeons to understand basic sciences and modern sugical techniques. The experienced surgeon will find help to deal with difficult cases and clarifications in recent technologic advances such as cartilage surgery, navigation and mini invasive surgery.

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This book is devoted to all surgical aspects of knee pathology, with the exclusion of bone traumatology. It summarizes current concepts and recent techniques, from most recent innovations in biology and regenerative medicine to complex reconstruction involving prosthetic knee surgery. Operative techniques are clearly reported in a didactic fashion, using figures, tables and algorithms. Worldwide leaders in the field of knee surgery participated in this book in order to summarize the North American, European and Asian culture in a single volume. The first part of the book concerns meniscal and ligament injuries. It seeks to clarify the pathophysiology, the natural history and the therapeutic strategies in various tears of the anterior cruciate ligament, of the posterior cruciate ligament and also in complex multiligamentous injuries. The second part is about patellofemoral pathology. It helps the reader to analyze and understand isolated anterior knee pain, patellar instability, and isolated patellofemoral arthrosis. The pathophysiology as well as the clinical and radiological components and the various treatment options are detailed for each clinical situation, from isolated soft-tissue procedures to deepening trochleoplasty, resurfacing or patellofemoral prosthesis. Finally, the third part of the book is devoted to the degenerative knee. The various techniques of osteotomies around the knee, their results and biomechanical principles are clearly analyzed. Every aspect of prosthetic knee surgery is detailed, covering all aspects of uni-and tricompartmental prostheses. Specific sections are devoted to design, surgical approaches and navigation. Difficult cases in primary TKA as well as strategies and technical problems in revision TKA are addressed in a separate section of the book. This textbook should help and answer any questions that arise from the knee specialist, from the training resident to the skilled surgeon. Its ambition is to assist the surgeon in understanding the pathophysiology and elaborating the strategic choices and indications available. In addition, it will provide practical assistance in the planning and realization of the described surgical procedures on a regular basis.

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This book is devoted to all surgical aspects of knee pathology, with the exclusion of bone traumatology. It summarizes current concepts and recent techniques, from most recent innovations in biology and regenerative medicine to complex reconstruction involving prosthetic knee surgery. Operative techniques are clearly reported in a didactic fashion, using figures, tables and algorithms. Worldwide leaders in the field of knee surgery participated in this book in order to summarize the North American, European and Asian culture in a single volume. The first part of the book concerns meniscal and ligament injuries. It seeks to clarify the pathophysiology, the natural history and the therapeutic strategies in various tears of the anterior cruciate ligament, of the posterior cruciate ligament and also in complex multiligamentous injuries. The second part is about patellofemoral pathology. It helps the reader to analyze and understand isolated anterior knee pain, patellar instability, and isolated patellofemoral arthrosis. The pathophysiology as well as the clinical and radiological components and the various treatment options are detailed for each clinical situation, from isolated soft-tissue procedures to deepening trochleoplasty, resurfacing or patellofemoral prosthesis. Finally, the third part of the book is devoted to the degenerative knee. The various techniques of osteotomies around the knee, their results and biomechanical principles are clearly analyzed. Every aspect of prosthetic knee surgery is detailed, covering all aspects of uni-and tricompartmental prostheses. Specific sections are devoted to design, surgical approaches and navigation. Difficult cases in primary TKA as well as strategies and technical problems in revision TKA are addressed in a separate section of the book. This textbook should help and answer any questions that arise from the knee specialist, from the training resident to the skilled surgeon. Its ambition is to assist the surgeon in understanding the pathophysiology and elaborating the strategic choices and indications available. In addition, it will provide practical assistance in the planning and realization of the described surgical procedures on a regular basis.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XXI
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The menisci: Anatomy, healing response, and biomechanics....Pages 5-9
The cruciate ligaments: Anatomy, biology, and biomechanics....Pages 11-21
The anatomy and biomechanics of the medial collateral ligament and posteromedial corner of the knee....Pages 23-30
The lateral collateral ligament and posterolateral corner....Pages 31-42
Basic science of ligament healing....Pages 43-50
Clinical basis: Epidemiology, risk factors, mechanisms of injury, and prevention of ligament injuries of the knee....Pages 53-70
MRI evaluation of knee ligaments....Pages 71-84
Classification of knee laxities....Pages 85-93
Scoring the knee....Pages 95-105
Arthroscopic meniscectomy....Pages 109-123
Meniscal sutures....Pages 125-138
Meniscal allograft transplantation....Pages 139-147
Diagnostic and surgical decision ACL tears....Pages 151-161
Natural history of ACL tears: From rupture to osteoarthritis....Pages 163-172
Graft choice in ACL reconstruction....Pages 173-181
Tunnels, graft positioning, and isometry in ACL reconstruction....Pages 183-194
Technique in ACL reconstruction: Hamstring reconstruction....Pages 195-202
Technique in ACL reconstruction: Patellar tendon....Pages 203-216
Place of navigation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction....Pages 217-226
Single or double bundle?....Pages 227-234
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction: How I do it?....Pages 235-243
Results of ACL reconstruction....Pages 245-262
Arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction....Pages 263-268
ACL rehabilitation....Pages 269-290
ACL rupture in children: Anatomical and biological bases, outcome of ACL deficient knee in childhood: Strategy, operative technique, results, and complications....Pages 291-323
Combined injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner....Pages 325-341
Failure in ACL reconstruction: Etiology, treatment, and results....Pages 343-353
Definition and diagnosis of posterior cruciate ligament injury and algorithm of treatment....Pages 357-367
Natural history of PCL ruptures....Pages 369-375
The PCL: Different options in PCL reconstruction: Choice of the graft? One or two bundles?....Pages 377-386
Graft tunnel positioning during PCL reconstruction....Pages 387-393
Techniques in posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An arthroscopic approach....Pages 395-403
Arthroscopic reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament using double-bundle and tibial-inlay technique....Pages 405-410
Technique in PCL reconstruction: Mini posterior approach....Pages 411-415
Results of PCL reconstruction....Pages 417-420
Combined injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament of the knee....Pages 421-426
PCL injury associated with a posterolateral tear....Pages 427-439
The multiple-ligament injured knee....Pages 443-455
Surgical treatment of cartilage tear: Principles and results....Pages 457-482
Technique of mosaicplasty....Pages 483-495
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Allograft osteoarticular resurfacing....Pages 497-503
Technique of chondrocytes implantation....Pages 505-510
Regenerative medicine for cartilage....Pages 511-516
The biomechanics of the patella....Pages 519-523
Imaging of the patellofemoral joint....Pages 525-531
Anterior knee pain and patellar instability: Diagnosis and treatment....Pages 533-537
Patellar stabilization for episodic patellar instability....Pages 539-548
Deepening trochleoplasty for patellofemoral instability....Pages 549-557
Front Matter....Pages 559-559
Patellofemoral osteoarthritis: Pathophysiologie, treatment, and results....Pages 563-572
Patellofemoral replacement....Pages 573-582
Is there a place for arthroscopy in the degenerative knee?....Pages 585-589
Surgical indications in medial knee osteoarthritis....Pages 591-600
Biomechanics, basis, and indications of osteotomies around the knee....Pages 603-609
Technique of closing wedge HTO....Pages 611-619
Technique of open wedge HTO....Pages 621-632
Results of HTO in medial OA of the knee....Pages 633-641
Osteotomies in the valgus knee....Pages 643-651
Medial closing wedge varus osteotomy of the distal femur....Pages 653-660
Technical considerations, results, and complications of mobile-bearing UKA....Pages 663-667
Fixed bearing unicompartmental knee prosthesis: Results, complications, and technical considerations....Pages 669-684
Front Matter....Pages 559-559
Indications of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty....Pages 685-687
Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Replacement....Pages 689-694
Front Matter....Pages 695-695
The history of total knee arthroplasty....Pages 699-707
Posterostabilized TKA: Advantages and disadvantages....Pages 709-720
Conservation of posterior cruciate ligament in fixed-bearing total knee replacement....Pages 721-728
Deep dish TKA: Advantages and disadvantages....Pages 729-733
Bicruciate retaining TKA: The future?....Pages 735-739
Mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty: Advantages and disadvantages....Pages 741-754
Fixed-bearing total knee arthoplasty: Advantages and disadvantages....Pages 755-757
Cement fixation for total knee arthroplasty....Pages 759-764
Pre-operative imaging techniques in primary total knee replacement: Role for computed tomography....Pages 767-774
The mini-subvastus approach for total knee arthroplasty....Pages 775-781
The degenerative knee — surgical techniques: “Gap balancing”....Pages 783-789
Component orientation and total knee arthroplasty....Pages 791-796
Rotation of components in total knee arthroplasty....Pages 797-807
Improving mobility....Pages 809-814
Medical management before and after TKA....Pages 815-821
Rehabilitation protocol following total knee arthroplasty....Pages 823-838
Why I always resurface the patella in TKA....Pages 841-855
Why I do not routinely resurface the patella in TKA....Pages 857-863
Front Matter....Pages 695-695
Total knee replacement navigation: The different techniques....Pages 867-878
Why using navigation in total knee arthroplasty?....Pages 879-884
Results and function of total knee arthroplasty....Pages 887-893
TKA in the stiff knee....Pages 897-900
The lateral approach in the valgus knee....Pages 901-906
TKA in the severe valgus knee: Lateral epicondyle sliding osteotomy technique....Pages 907-913
Total knee replacement in patients with severe varus deformity....Pages 915-922
Total knee arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy....Pages 923-932
Total knee arthroplasty after malunion....Pages 933-940
Revision total knee arthroplasty after failed unicompartmental knee replacement....Pages 941-951
Causes of failures in TKA....Pages 955-967
The painful total knee arthroplasty....Pages 969-981
Pre-operative planning for revision TKA....Pages 983-988
Technique of revision: Surgical approach....Pages 989-1002
Revision TKA: Component removal....Pages 1003-1008
Management of bony defects in revision TKR....Pages 1009-1019
Stems in revision TKA....Pages 1021-1027
Technique of revision in TKA: Joint line level....Pages 1029-1037
Technique of revision in total knee arthroplasty: The patella....Pages 1039-1048
Extensor mechanism allograft — Surgical technique....Pages 1049-1056
Front Matter....Pages 695-695
Infection in total knee arthroplasty — Prevention....Pages 1057-1061
Diagnosis of infection after total knee arthroplasty....Pages 1063-1070
Infection in total knee arthroplasty: Treatment....Pages 1071-1079

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This book is devoted to all surgical aspects of knee pathology, with the exclusion of bone traumatology. It summarizes current concepts and recent techniques, from most recent innovations in biology and regenerative medicine to complex reconstruction involving prosthetic knee surgery. Operative techniques are clearly reported in a didactic fashion, using figures, tables and algorithms. Worldwide leaders in the field of knee surgery participated in this book in order to summarize the North American, European and Asian culture in a single volume. The first part of the book concerns meniscal and ligament injuries. It seeks to clarify the pathophysiology, the natural history and the therapeutic strategies in various tears of the anterior cruciate ligament, of the posterior cruciate ligament and also in complex multiligamentous injuries. The second part is about patellofemoral pathology. It helps the reader to analyze and understand isolated anterior knee pain, patellar instability, and isolated patellofemoral arthrosis. The pathophysiology as well as the clinical and radiological components and the various treatment options are detailed for each clinical situation, from isolated soft-tissue procedures to deepening trochleoplasty, resurfacing or patellofemoral prosthesis. Finally, the third part of the book is devoted to the degenerative knee. The various techniques of osteotomies around the knee, their results and biomechanical principles are clearly analyzed. Every aspect of prosthetic knee surgery is detailed, covering all aspects of uni-and tricompartmental prostheses. Specific sections are devoted to design, surgical approaches and navigation. Difficult cases in primary TKA as well as strategies and technical problems in revision TKA are addressed in a separate section of the book. This textbook should help and answer any questions that arise from the knee specialist, from the training resident to the skilled surgeon. Its ambition is to assist the surgeon in understanding the pathophysiology and elaborating the strategic choices and indications available. In addition, it will provide practical assistance in the planning and realization of the described surgical procedures on a regular basis.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XXI
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The menisci: Anatomy, healing response, and biomechanics....Pages 5-9
The cruciate ligaments: Anatomy, biology, and biomechanics....Pages 11-21
The anatomy and biomechanics of the medial collateral ligament and posteromedial corner of the knee....Pages 23-30
The lateral collateral ligament and posterolateral corner....Pages 31-42
Basic science of ligament healing....Pages 43-50
Clinical basis: Epidemiology, risk factors, mechanisms of injury, and prevention of ligament injuries of the knee....Pages 53-70
MRI evaluation of knee ligaments....Pages 71-84
Classification of knee laxities....Pages 85-93
Scoring the knee....Pages 95-105
Arthroscopic meniscectomy....Pages 109-123
Meniscal sutures....Pages 125-138
Meniscal allograft transplantation....Pages 139-147
Diagnostic and surgical decision ACL tears....Pages 151-161
Natural history of ACL tears: From rupture to osteoarthritis....Pages 163-172
Graft choice in ACL reconstruction....Pages 173-181
Tunnels, graft positioning, and isometry in ACL reconstruction....Pages 183-194
Technique in ACL reconstruction: Hamstring reconstruction....Pages 195-202
Technique in ACL reconstruction: Patellar tendon....Pages 203-216
Place of navigation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction....Pages 217-226
Single or double bundle?....Pages 227-234
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction: How I do it?....Pages 235-243
Results of ACL reconstruction....Pages 245-262
Arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction....Pages 263-268
ACL rehabilitation....Pages 269-290
ACL rupture in children: Anatomical and biological bases, outcome of ACL deficient knee in childhood: Strategy, operative technique, results, and complications....Pages 291-323
Combined injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner....Pages 325-341
Failure in ACL reconstruction: Etiology, treatment, and results....Pages 343-353
Definition and diagnosis of posterior cruciate ligament injury and algorithm of treatment....Pages 357-367
Natural history of PCL ruptures....Pages 369-375
The PCL: Different options in PCL reconstruction: Choice of the graft? One or two bundles?....Pages 377-386
Graft tunnel positioning during PCL reconstruction....Pages 387-393
Techniques in posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An arthroscopic approach....Pages 395-403
Arthroscopic reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament using double-bundle and tibial-inlay technique....Pages 405-410
Technique in PCL reconstruction: Mini posterior approach....Pages 411-415
Results of PCL reconstruction....Pages 417-420
Combined injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament of the knee....Pages 421-426
PCL injury associated with a posterolateral tear....Pages 427-439
The multiple-ligament injured knee....Pages 443-455
Surgical treatment of cartilage tear: Principles and results....Pages 457-482
Technique of mosaicplasty....Pages 483-495
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Allograft osteoarticular resurfacing....Pages 497-503
Technique of chondrocytes implantation....Pages 505-510
Regenerative medicine for cartilage....Pages 511-516
The biomechanics of the patella....Pages 519-523
Imaging of the patellofemoral joint....Pages 525-531
Anterior knee pain and patellar instability: Diagnosis and treatment....Pages 533-537
Patellar stabilization for episodic patellar instability....Pages 539-548
Deepening trochleoplasty for patellofemoral instability....Pages 549-557
Front Matter....Pages 559-559
Patellofemoral osteoarthritis: Pathophysiologie, treatment, and results....Pages 563-572
Patellofemoral replacement....Pages 573-582
Is there a place for arthroscopy in the degenerative knee?....Pages 585-589
Surgical indications in medial knee osteoarthritis....Pages 591-600
Biomechanics, basis, and indications of osteotomies around the knee....Pages 603-609
Technique of closing wedge HTO....Pages 611-619
Technique of open wedge HTO....Pages 621-632
Results of HTO in medial OA of the knee....Pages 633-641
Osteotomies in the valgus knee....Pages 643-651
Medial closing wedge varus osteotomy of the distal femur....Pages 653-660
Technical considerations, results, and complications of mobile-bearing UKA....Pages 663-667
Fixed bearing unicompartmental knee prosthesis: Results, complications, and technical considerations....Pages 669-684
Front Matter....Pages 559-559
Indications of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty....Pages 685-687
Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Replacement....Pages 689-694
Front Matter....Pages 695-695
The history of total knee arthroplasty....Pages 699-707
Posterostabilized TKA: Advantages and disadvantages....Pages 709-720
Conservation of posterior cruciate ligament in fixed-bearing total knee replacement....Pages 721-728
Deep dish TKA: Advantages and disadvantages....Pages 729-733
Bicruciate retaining TKA: The future?....Pages 735-739
Mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty: Advantages and disadvantages....Pages 741-754
Fixed-bearing total knee arthoplasty: Advantages and disadvantages....Pages 755-757
Cement fixation for total knee arthroplasty....Pages 759-764
Pre-operative imaging techniques in primary total knee replacement: Role for computed tomography....Pages 767-774
The mini-subvastus approach for total knee arthroplasty....Pages 775-781
The degenerative knee — surgical techniques: “Gap balancing”....Pages 783-789
Component orientation and total knee arthroplasty....Pages 791-796
Rotation of components in total knee arthroplasty....Pages 797-807
Improving mobility....Pages 809-814
Medical management before and after TKA....Pages 815-821
Rehabilitation protocol following total knee arthroplasty....Pages 823-838
Why I always resurface the patella in TKA....Pages 841-855
Why I do not routinely resurface the patella in TKA....Pages 857-863
Front Matter....Pages 695-695
Total knee replacement navigation: The different techniques....Pages 867-878
Why using navigation in total knee arthroplasty?....Pages 879-884
Results and function of total knee arthroplasty....Pages 887-893
TKA in the stiff knee....Pages 897-900
The lateral approach in the valgus knee....Pages 901-906
TKA in the severe valgus knee: Lateral epicondyle sliding osteotomy technique....Pages 907-913
Total knee replacement in patients with severe varus deformity....Pages 915-922
Total knee arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy....Pages 923-932
Total knee arthroplasty after malunion....Pages 933-940
Revision total knee arthroplasty after failed unicompartmental knee replacement....Pages 941-951
Causes of failures in TKA....Pages 955-967
The painful total knee arthroplasty....Pages 969-981
Pre-operative planning for revision TKA....Pages 983-988
Technique of revision: Surgical approach....Pages 989-1002
Revision TKA: Component removal....Pages 1003-1008
Management of bony defects in revision TKR....Pages 1009-1019
Stems in revision TKA....Pages 1021-1027
Technique of revision in TKA: Joint line level....Pages 1029-1037
Technique of revision in total knee arthroplasty: The patella....Pages 1039-1048
Extensor mechanism allograft — Surgical technique....Pages 1049-1056
Front Matter....Pages 695-695
Infection in total knee arthroplasty — Prevention....Pages 1057-1061
Diagnosis of infection after total knee arthroplasty....Pages 1063-1070
Infection in total knee arthroplasty: Treatment....Pages 1071-1079
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