Ebook: Recoding: Expansion of Decoding Rules Enriches Gene Expression
- Tags: Microbiology, Human Genetics, Biochemistry general, Cell Biology
- Series: Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology 24
- Year: 2010
- Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York
- Edition: 1
- Language: English
- pdf
The dynamic nature of decoding the information in messenger RNA was unanticipated at the time the genetic code was first deciphered. We now know that both the meaning of individual codons and the framing of the readout process can be modified by information in specific messenger RNAs. This book describes this "Recoding" phenomenon, revealing the diversity of an additional layer of information in mRNAs that serves to enrich the expression of genes. Knowledge of recoding is essential for understanding the organization and expression of genes in viruses and all organisms ranging from bacteria to archeae to plants to humans, making Recoding pertinent to all biological sciences.
The dynamic nature of decoding the information in messenger RNA was unanticipated at the time the genetic code was first deciphered. We now know that both the meaning of individual codons and the framing of the readout process can be modified by information in specific messenger RNAs. This book describes this "Recoding" phenomenon, revealing the diversity of an additional layer of information in mRNAs that serves to enrich the expression of genes. Knowledge of recoding is essential for understanding the organization and expression of genes in viruses and all organisms ranging from bacteria to archeae to plants to humans, making Recoding pertinent to all biological sciences.
The dynamic nature of decoding the information in messenger RNA was unanticipated at the time the genetic code was first deciphered. We now know that both the meaning of individual codons and the framing of the readout process can be modified by information in specific messenger RNAs. This book describes this "Recoding" phenomenon, revealing the diversity of an additional layer of information in mRNAs that serves to enrich the expression of genes. Knowledge of recoding is essential for understanding the organization and expression of genes in viruses and all organisms ranging from bacteria to archeae to plants to humans, making Recoding pertinent to all biological sciences.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xix
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Selenocysteine Biosynthesis, Selenoproteins, and Selenoproteomes....Pages 3-27
Reprogramming the Ribosome for Selenoprotein Expression: RNA Elements and Protein Factors....Pages 29-52
Translation of UAG as Pyrrolysine....Pages 53-77
Specification of Standard Amino Acids by Stop Codons....Pages 79-100
Ribosome “Skipping”: “Stop-Carry On” or “StopGo” Translation....Pages 101-121
Recoding Therapies for Genetic Diseases....Pages 123-146
Front Matter....Pages 147-147
Pseudoknot-Dependent Programmed —1 Ribosomal Frameshifting: Structures, Mechanisms and Models....Pages 149-174
Programmed —1 Ribosomal Frameshift in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus of Type 1....Pages 175-192
Ribosomal Frameshifting in Decoding Plant Viral RNAs....Pages 193-220
Programmed Frameshifting in Budding Yeast....Pages 221-247
Recoding in Bacteriophages....Pages 249-258
Programmed Ribosomal ?1 Frameshifting as a Tradition: The Bacterial Transposable Elements of the IS3 Family....Pages 259-280
Autoregulatory Frameshifting in Antizyme Gene Expression Governs Polyamine Levels from Yeast to Mammals....Pages 281-300
Sequences Promoting Recoding Are Singular Genomic Elements....Pages 301-320
Mutants That Affect Recoding....Pages 321-344
The E Site and Its Importance for Improving Accuracy and Preventing Frameshifts....Pages 345-362
Front Matter....Pages 363-363
Translational Bypassing – Peptidyl-tRNA Re-pairing at Non-overlapping Sites....Pages 365-381
trans-Translation....Pages 383-405
Front Matter....Pages 407-407
Transcript Slippage and Recoding....Pages 409-432
Front Matter....Pages 433-433
Computational Resources for Studying Recoding....Pages 435-461
Back Matter....Pages 463-466
The dynamic nature of decoding the information in messenger RNA was unanticipated at the time the genetic code was first deciphered. We now know that both the meaning of individual codons and the framing of the readout process can be modified by information in specific messenger RNAs. This book describes this "Recoding" phenomenon, revealing the diversity of an additional layer of information in mRNAs that serves to enrich the expression of genes. Knowledge of recoding is essential for understanding the organization and expression of genes in viruses and all organisms ranging from bacteria to archeae to plants to humans, making Recoding pertinent to all biological sciences.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xix
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Selenocysteine Biosynthesis, Selenoproteins, and Selenoproteomes....Pages 3-27
Reprogramming the Ribosome for Selenoprotein Expression: RNA Elements and Protein Factors....Pages 29-52
Translation of UAG as Pyrrolysine....Pages 53-77
Specification of Standard Amino Acids by Stop Codons....Pages 79-100
Ribosome “Skipping”: “Stop-Carry On” or “StopGo” Translation....Pages 101-121
Recoding Therapies for Genetic Diseases....Pages 123-146
Front Matter....Pages 147-147
Pseudoknot-Dependent Programmed —1 Ribosomal Frameshifting: Structures, Mechanisms and Models....Pages 149-174
Programmed —1 Ribosomal Frameshift in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus of Type 1....Pages 175-192
Ribosomal Frameshifting in Decoding Plant Viral RNAs....Pages 193-220
Programmed Frameshifting in Budding Yeast....Pages 221-247
Recoding in Bacteriophages....Pages 249-258
Programmed Ribosomal ?1 Frameshifting as a Tradition: The Bacterial Transposable Elements of the IS3 Family....Pages 259-280
Autoregulatory Frameshifting in Antizyme Gene Expression Governs Polyamine Levels from Yeast to Mammals....Pages 281-300
Sequences Promoting Recoding Are Singular Genomic Elements....Pages 301-320
Mutants That Affect Recoding....Pages 321-344
The E Site and Its Importance for Improving Accuracy and Preventing Frameshifts....Pages 345-362
Front Matter....Pages 363-363
Translational Bypassing – Peptidyl-tRNA Re-pairing at Non-overlapping Sites....Pages 365-381
trans-Translation....Pages 383-405
Front Matter....Pages 407-407
Transcript Slippage and Recoding....Pages 409-432
Front Matter....Pages 433-433
Computational Resources for Studying Recoding....Pages 435-461
Back Matter....Pages 463-466
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