Ebook: Tree Species Effects on Soils: Implications for Global Change: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Trees and Soil Interactions, Implications to Global Climate Change August 2004 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Tags: Ecosystems, Forestry, Soil Science & Conservation
- Series: NATO Science Series IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences 55
- Year: 2005
- Publisher: Springer Netherlands
- Edition: 1
- Language: English
- pdf
Almost 50% of the total area of Austria is forested, and the forests are dominated by commercially valuable stands of Norway spruce ( (Picea abies). The few remaining forests that resemble the natural vegetation composition are located in forest reserves with restricted management. These natural forests are used as reference systems for evaluating silvicultural research on sustainable forest management. Natural forests are expected to have high biodiversity, where the structural richness of the habitat enables complex relationships between fauna, flora, and microflora. They also provide refugia for rare plants and animals found only in natural forest types. Austria had 180 of these forest reserves up to the year 2003. Most of these forests are privately owned, and owners are compensated by the government for loss of income associated with conservation status. The Ministerial Conference for the Protection of Forest Ecosystems (MCPFE) has launched a world-wide network of protected forest areas which should cover all major forest types (MCPFE and UNECE/FAO, 2003). The sites selected for our investigation of soil conditions and communities were chosen by vegetation ecologists and soil scientists. The stands have developed under natural competition conditions with no management interventions. All sites were well documented with known forest history. Our set of sites spans gradients of environmental conditions as well as species composition, providing a realistic evaluation of the interactions of biotic and abiotic factors.
Tree species differ in their effects on soil properties and biogeochemical cycles. The supply of nitrogen typically differs by two-fold under the influence of different species on the same soil types, and rates of trace gas fluxes (including NO, N20 and CH4) may differ even more. The influence of global changes on soils (and feedback between soils and the atmosphere) will depend more strongly on changes in the distributions of tree species across landscapes, than on direct effects of climate on soils.
This book examines the state of knowledge of the effects of tree species on soils, considering evidence from broad natural gradients in species distributions, and from "common garden" experiments where several species have been planted on the same site. Topics include the influence of the chemistry of forest litter on soil biogeochemistry, the dependence of soil biotic communities on tree species, and the interactions of physical, chemical and biological factors in determining the overall effects of different species.
Case studies from across North America, Europe, Russia, South America and Australia illustrate the key role played by tree species in determining long-term development and sustainability of soils.
Tree species differ in their effects on soil properties and biogeochemical cycles. The supply of nitrogen typically differs by two-fold under the influence of different species on the same soil types, and rates of trace gas fluxes (including NO, N20 and CH4) may differ even more. The influence of global changes on soils (and feedback between soils and the atmosphere) will depend more strongly on changes in the distributions of tree species across landscapes, than on direct effects of climate on soils.
This book examines the state of knowledge of the effects of tree species on soils, considering evidence from broad natural gradients in species distributions, and from "common garden" experiments where several species have been planted on the same site. Topics include the influence of the chemistry of forest litter on soil biogeochemistry, the dependence of soil biotic communities on tree species, and the interactions of physical, chemical and biological factors in determining the overall effects of different species.
Case studies from across North America, Europe, Russia, South America and Australia illustrate the key role played by tree species in determining long-term development and sustainability of soils.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiii
Gaining Insights on the Effects of Tree Species on Soils....Pages 1-16
Effects of British Columbia Tree Species on Forest Floor Chemistry....Pages 17-29
Nutrient Turnover, Greenhouse Gas Exchange and Biodiversity in Natural Forests of Central Europe....Pages 31-49
Tree Species Effects on Nitrogen Cycling and Retention: A Synthesis of Studies Using 15N Tracers....Pages 51-69
Tree Species Management and Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater: A Central European Perspective....Pages 71-83
Plant Effects on Soils in Drylands: Implications for Community Dynamics and Ecosystem Restoration....Pages 85-118
The Response of Belowground Carbon Allocation in Forests to Global Change....Pages 119-154
How Nitrogen-Fixing Trees Change Soil Carbon....Pages 155-164
Effects of Tree Species on C- and N-Cycling and Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Trace Gases in Forests....Pages 165-172
Significance of Forests as Sources for N2O and NO....Pages 173-191
Microbial Processing of Humic Substances from Meadow and Forest Soils....Pages 193-212
Phosphorus Compounds Under Different Plants in an Artificial Soil Formation Experiment....Pages 213-228
Short-Term Kinetics of Soil Microbial Respiration — A General Parameter Across Scales?....Pages 229-246
The Influence of Stand Density on Growth of Three Conifer Species....Pages 247-255
The Siberian Afforestaton Experiment: History, Methodology, and Problems....Pages 257-268
Productivity of Six Tree Species Plantations for Three Decades in the Siberian Afforestation Experiment....Pages 269-279
Biochemistry of Carbon and Nitrogen in the Siberian Afforestation Experiment....Pages 281-292
Tree Species Effects on Potential Production and Consumption of Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide: The Siberian Afforestation Experiment....Pages 293-305
The Formation of Soil Invertebrate Communities in the Siberian Afforestation Experiment....Pages 307-316
The Transformation of Plant Residues Under Different Tree Species in the Siberian Afforestation Experiment....Pages 317-335
Back Matter....Pages 349-358
Tree Diversity and Soil Biology: A New Research Program in French Guyana....Pages 337-348
Tree species differ in their effects on soil properties and biogeochemical cycles. The supply of nitrogen typically differs by two-fold under the influence of different species on the same soil types, and rates of trace gas fluxes (including NO, N20 and CH4) may differ even more. The influence of global changes on soils (and feedback between soils and the atmosphere) will depend more strongly on changes in the distributions of tree species across landscapes, than on direct effects of climate on soils.
This book examines the state of knowledge of the effects of tree species on soils, considering evidence from broad natural gradients in species distributions, and from "common garden" experiments where several species have been planted on the same site. Topics include the influence of the chemistry of forest litter on soil biogeochemistry, the dependence of soil biotic communities on tree species, and the interactions of physical, chemical and biological factors in determining the overall effects of different species.
Case studies from across North America, Europe, Russia, South America and Australia illustrate the key role played by tree species in determining long-term development and sustainability of soils.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiii
Gaining Insights on the Effects of Tree Species on Soils....Pages 1-16
Effects of British Columbia Tree Species on Forest Floor Chemistry....Pages 17-29
Nutrient Turnover, Greenhouse Gas Exchange and Biodiversity in Natural Forests of Central Europe....Pages 31-49
Tree Species Effects on Nitrogen Cycling and Retention: A Synthesis of Studies Using 15N Tracers....Pages 51-69
Tree Species Management and Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater: A Central European Perspective....Pages 71-83
Plant Effects on Soils in Drylands: Implications for Community Dynamics and Ecosystem Restoration....Pages 85-118
The Response of Belowground Carbon Allocation in Forests to Global Change....Pages 119-154
How Nitrogen-Fixing Trees Change Soil Carbon....Pages 155-164
Effects of Tree Species on C- and N-Cycling and Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Trace Gases in Forests....Pages 165-172
Significance of Forests as Sources for N2O and NO....Pages 173-191
Microbial Processing of Humic Substances from Meadow and Forest Soils....Pages 193-212
Phosphorus Compounds Under Different Plants in an Artificial Soil Formation Experiment....Pages 213-228
Short-Term Kinetics of Soil Microbial Respiration — A General Parameter Across Scales?....Pages 229-246
The Influence of Stand Density on Growth of Three Conifer Species....Pages 247-255
The Siberian Afforestaton Experiment: History, Methodology, and Problems....Pages 257-268
Productivity of Six Tree Species Plantations for Three Decades in the Siberian Afforestation Experiment....Pages 269-279
Biochemistry of Carbon and Nitrogen in the Siberian Afforestation Experiment....Pages 281-292
Tree Species Effects on Potential Production and Consumption of Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide: The Siberian Afforestation Experiment....Pages 293-305
The Formation of Soil Invertebrate Communities in the Siberian Afforestation Experiment....Pages 307-316
The Transformation of Plant Residues Under Different Tree Species in the Siberian Afforestation Experiment....Pages 317-335
Back Matter....Pages 349-358
Tree Diversity and Soil Biology: A New Research Program in French Guyana....Pages 337-348
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