Ebook: Travertine

uring the spring of 1960, an uncle showed me a ‘petrifying spring’ near Plaxtol in Kent Dwhere twigs had been encased in a calcareous jacket. A twig was collected and having - cently been given I. Evan’s Observer’s Book of Geology by my parents, I found a photograph of another petrifying spring and an explanation of its origin. In those days, Derbyshire was too far for a holiday destination, and I took little further interest until a research studentship with Professor G. E. Fogg became available in 1971. Tony Fogg had recently moved to the University College of North Wales, Bangor and the research was to be into cyanobacterium mats, with fieldwork along the Red Sea coast. The fieldwork never materialised but my interest in algal mats had been aroused. A chance stroll along the Bangor shore revealed beautifully calcified cya- bacterium mats, and Tony generously allowed me to investigate these instead. The old Plaxtol collection was retrieved and yielded abundant cyanobacteria. It became apparent that here was a wealth of information about a rock whose formation was so rapid, that the process could be studied in days rather than years – an exceptional state of affairs. A search of the literature also revealed that the rock, a form of travertine, had other unusual features.

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This is the first book entirely devoted to travertine, a material in use for over 4000 years. The single-author work is a valuable reference source for travertine, covering all aspects of travertine origins, formation, composition, flora and fauna, occurrence and utilisation, as well as covering allied continental carbonates such as lake marls, calcretes and beachrocks.
Travertine, some forms of which are often known as ‘tufa’, is of particular significance as a source of environmental information (fossils and isotope geochemistry), often permitting the reconstruction of past environments. Reviews of dating techniques, classification and geomorphology are included and the author attempts to provide an unbiased but critical appraisal of current models of travertine formation.
Currently, travertine is in great demand as a building and ornamental stone. It has also been exploited in unconventional ways, such as ‘petrifying springs’ and by way of unusual and little known artistic techniques. Scaling of pipes and boilers is often the result of processes allied to travertine formation. The phenomenon is described parallel to  methods of scale elimination and compared with natural processes where travertine formation is inhibited. Travertine sites are of special scientific interest, with their rich and often unique floras and faunas displaying their unique biodiversity, and their unusual and often fragile biota. Conservation issues are discussed, together with the description of travertine fossils and occurrences throughout the geological record.
The content will be of interest to carbonate sedimentologists, hydrobiologists, palaeoclimatologists, physical geographers, water treatment engineers, astrobiologists, architects, and sculptors.

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This is the first book entirely devoted to travertine, a material in use for over 4000 years. The single-author work is a valuable reference source for travertine, covering all aspects of travertine origins, formation, composition, flora and fauna, occurrence and utilisation, as well as covering allied continental carbonates such as lake marls, calcretes and beachrocks.
Travertine, some forms of which are often known as ‘tufa’, is of particular significance as a source of environmental information (fossils and isotope geochemistry), often permitting the reconstruction of past environments. Reviews of dating techniques, classification and geomorphology are included and the author attempts to provide an unbiased but critical appraisal of current models of travertine formation.
Currently, travertine is in great demand as a building and ornamental stone. It has also been exploited in unconventional ways, such as ‘petrifying springs’ and by way of unusual and little known artistic techniques. Scaling of pipes and boilers is often the result of processes allied to travertine formation. The phenomenon is described parallel to  methods of scale elimination and compared with natural processes where travertine formation is inhibited. Travertine sites are of special scientific interest, with their rich and often unique floras and faunas displaying their unique biodiversity, and their unusual and often fragile biota. Conservation issues are discussed, together with the description of travertine fossils and occurrences throughout the geological record.
The content will be of interest to carbonate sedimentologists, hydrobiologists, palaeoclimatologists, physical geographers, water treatment engineers, astrobiologists, architects, and sculptors.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XIV
Introduction....Pages 1-9
Origins of the Components....Pages 11-18
The Travertine Fabric....Pages 19-48
Morphology and Facies....Pages 49-76
Limestone Solution, Groundwater and Spring Emergence....Pages 77-83
Chemical Composition of Source Waters....Pages 85-99
Mineralogy and Elemental Composition....Pages 101-128
Stable Isotopes....Pages 129-147
Organisms Associated with Travertine....Pages 149-195
Deposition Processes....Pages 197-242
Travertine Dating....Pages 243-251
Palaeobiology and Biostratigraphy of Quaternary Travertines....Pages 253-273
Climate, Man and Travertine....Pages 275-288
Travertines and Their Fossils: Archaean to Pliocene....Pages 289-298
Related Sediments and Industrial Deposits....Pages 299-312
Extraterrestrial Travertine....Pages 313-317
Utilisation of Travertine....Pages 319-344
Back Matter....Pages 345-445

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This is the first book entirely devoted to travertine, a material in use for over 4000 years. The single-author work is a valuable reference source for travertine, covering all aspects of travertine origins, formation, composition, flora and fauna, occurrence and utilisation, as well as covering allied continental carbonates such as lake marls, calcretes and beachrocks.
Travertine, some forms of which are often known as ‘tufa’, is of particular significance as a source of environmental information (fossils and isotope geochemistry), often permitting the reconstruction of past environments. Reviews of dating techniques, classification and geomorphology are included and the author attempts to provide an unbiased but critical appraisal of current models of travertine formation.
Currently, travertine is in great demand as a building and ornamental stone. It has also been exploited in unconventional ways, such as ‘petrifying springs’ and by way of unusual and little known artistic techniques. Scaling of pipes and boilers is often the result of processes allied to travertine formation. The phenomenon is described parallel to  methods of scale elimination and compared with natural processes where travertine formation is inhibited. Travertine sites are of special scientific interest, with their rich and often unique floras and faunas displaying their unique biodiversity, and their unusual and often fragile biota. Conservation issues are discussed, together with the description of travertine fossils and occurrences throughout the geological record.
The content will be of interest to carbonate sedimentologists, hydrobiologists, palaeoclimatologists, physical geographers, water treatment engineers, astrobiologists, architects, and sculptors.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XIV
Introduction....Pages 1-9
Origins of the Components....Pages 11-18
The Travertine Fabric....Pages 19-48
Morphology and Facies....Pages 49-76
Limestone Solution, Groundwater and Spring Emergence....Pages 77-83
Chemical Composition of Source Waters....Pages 85-99
Mineralogy and Elemental Composition....Pages 101-128
Stable Isotopes....Pages 129-147
Organisms Associated with Travertine....Pages 149-195
Deposition Processes....Pages 197-242
Travertine Dating....Pages 243-251
Palaeobiology and Biostratigraphy of Quaternary Travertines....Pages 253-273
Climate, Man and Travertine....Pages 275-288
Travertines and Their Fossils: Archaean to Pliocene....Pages 289-298
Related Sediments and Industrial Deposits....Pages 299-312
Extraterrestrial Travertine....Pages 313-317
Utilisation of Travertine....Pages 319-344
Back Matter....Pages 345-445
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