Ebook: Potassium Channels in Cardiovascular Biology

Potassium channels (K⁺) are membrane-spanning proteins which serve many important functions and are becoming a hot topic in physiology. K⁺ channels determine or modulate many functions of vascular smooth muscle, endothelial and inflammatory cells, and thus are central to regulation of arterial tone and control of cell proliferation. They are also promising targets for antihypertensive treatments with drugs which open and close specific types of K⁺ channels, making for an active field of research. With their ability to control vascular tone, voltage-gated K⁺ channels play a significant role in both pulmonary and systemic hypertension as well as in cardiac arrhythmias. This book will highlight the latest discoveries by leading researchers pertaining to the role of K⁺ channels in the heart and blood vessels in normal physiology and a variety of disease states.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xlv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Evolution of Potassium Channel Proteins....Pages 3-16
Three-Dimensional Structure of the K+Channel Pore: Basis for Ion Selectivity and Permeability....Pages 17-34
Molecular Biology of Voltage-Gated K+Channels....Pages 35-48
Molecular Biology of High-Conductance, Ca2+-Activated Potassium Channels....Pages 49-70
Molecular Biology of Inward Rectifier and ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels....Pages 71-88
Front Matter....Pages 89-89
Design and Use of Antibodies for Mapping K+Channel Expression in the Cardiovascular System....Pages 91-102
Molecular Methods for Evaluation of K+Channel Expression and Distribution in the Heart....Pages 103-118
Concepts for Patch-Clamp Recording of Whole-Cell and Single-Channel K+Currents in Cardiac and Vascular Myocytes....Pages 119-142
The Patch-Clamp Technique for Measurement of K+Channels in Xenopus Oocytes and Mammalian Expression Systems....Pages 143-161
Heteromultimer Formation in Native K+Channels....Pages 163-175
Use of Transgenic and Gene-Targeted Mice to Study K+Channel Function in the Cardiovascular System....Pages 177-191
Front Matter....Pages 193-193
Pharmacology of Voltage-Gated K+Channels....Pages 195-217
Pharmacology of High-Conductance, Ca2+-Activated Potassium Channels....Pages 219-234
Pharmacology of Small-Conductance, Calcium-Activated K+Channels....Pages 235-256
Molecular Pharmacology of ATP-Sensitive K+Channels: How and Why?....Pages 257-277
Front Matter....Pages 279-279
Overview: Molecular Physiology of Cardiac Potassium Channels....Pages 281-296
Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Functional Voltage-Gated K+Channel Diversity and Expression in the Mammalian Heart....Pages 297-335
Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in the Myocardium....Pages 337-362
Inward Rectifying and ATP-Sensitive K+Channels in the Ventricular Myocardium....Pages 363-386
Cholinergic and Adrenergic Modulation of Cardiac K+Channels....Pages 387-426
Front Matter....Pages 279-279
Cardiac K+Channel Expression and Function at Birth and in the Neonate....Pages 427-439
Front Matter....Pages 441-441
Overview: Physiological Role of K+Channels in the Regulation of Vascular Tone....Pages 443-455
Modulation of Vascular K+Channels by Extracellular Messengers....Pages 457-483
Delayed Rectifier K+Channels of Vascular Smooth Muscle: Characterization, Function, and Regulation by Phosphorylation....Pages 485-503
Potassium Channels in the Circulation of Skeletal Muscle....Pages 505-522
Regulation of Cerebral Artery Diameter by Potassium Channels....Pages 523-542
The Role of Potassium Channels in the Control of the Pulmonary Circulation....Pages 543-570
Potassium Channels in the Renal Circulation....Pages 571-589
Potassium Channels in the Coronary Circulation....Pages 591-615
Vascular K+ Channel Expression and Function at Birth and in the Neonate....Pages 617-636
Front Matter....Pages 637-637
Overview: Potassium Channels in Vascular Endothelial Cells....Pages 639-650
Single-Channel Properties of Ca2+ -Activated K+Channels in the Vascular Endothelium....Pages 651-666
Endothelial Cell K+ Channels, Membrane Potential and the Release of Vasoactive Factors from the Vascular Endothelium....Pages 667-689
Activation of Vascular Smooth Muscle K+Channels by Endothelium-Derived Factors....Pages 691-723
Front Matter....Pages 725-725
Overview: The Role of Potassium Channels in Cardiac Arrhythmias....Pages 727-752
The Molecular Basis of the Long QT Syndrome....Pages 753-772
Altered K+ Channel Expression in the Hypertrophied and Failing Heart....Pages 773-783
Role of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in Cardiac Preconditioning....Pages 785-800
Therapeutic Potential of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel Openers in Cardiac Ischemia....Pages 801-818
Front Matter....Pages 819-819
Altered Expression and Function of Kv Channels in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension....Pages 821-836
Front Matter....Pages 819-819
Anorectic Drugs and the Vasculature....Pages 837-852
Induction of Ca2+ -Activated K+ Channel Expression during Systemic Hypertension: Protection against Pathological Vasoconstriction....Pages 853-867
Antisense Approaches and the Modulation of Potassium Channel Function in the Cardiovascular System....Pages 869-886
Back Matter....Pages 887-899

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xlv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Evolution of Potassium Channel Proteins....Pages 3-16
Three-Dimensional Structure of the K+Channel Pore: Basis for Ion Selectivity and Permeability....Pages 17-34
Molecular Biology of Voltage-Gated K+Channels....Pages 35-48
Molecular Biology of High-Conductance, Ca2+-Activated Potassium Channels....Pages 49-70
Molecular Biology of Inward Rectifier and ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels....Pages 71-88
Front Matter....Pages 89-89
Design and Use of Antibodies for Mapping K+Channel Expression in the Cardiovascular System....Pages 91-102
Molecular Methods for Evaluation of K+Channel Expression and Distribution in the Heart....Pages 103-118
Concepts for Patch-Clamp Recording of Whole-Cell and Single-Channel K+Currents in Cardiac and Vascular Myocytes....Pages 119-142
The Patch-Clamp Technique for Measurement of K+Channels in Xenopus Oocytes and Mammalian Expression Systems....Pages 143-161
Heteromultimer Formation in Native K+Channels....Pages 163-175
Use of Transgenic and Gene-Targeted Mice to Study K+Channel Function in the Cardiovascular System....Pages 177-191
Front Matter....Pages 193-193
Pharmacology of Voltage-Gated K+Channels....Pages 195-217
Pharmacology of High-Conductance, Ca2+-Activated Potassium Channels....Pages 219-234
Pharmacology of Small-Conductance, Calcium-Activated K+Channels....Pages 235-256
Molecular Pharmacology of ATP-Sensitive K+Channels: How and Why?....Pages 257-277
Front Matter....Pages 279-279
Overview: Molecular Physiology of Cardiac Potassium Channels....Pages 281-296
Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Functional Voltage-Gated K+Channel Diversity and Expression in the Mammalian Heart....Pages 297-335
Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in the Myocardium....Pages 337-362
Inward Rectifying and ATP-Sensitive K+Channels in the Ventricular Myocardium....Pages 363-386
Cholinergic and Adrenergic Modulation of Cardiac K+Channels....Pages 387-426
Front Matter....Pages 279-279
Cardiac K+Channel Expression and Function at Birth and in the Neonate....Pages 427-439
Front Matter....Pages 441-441
Overview: Physiological Role of K+Channels in the Regulation of Vascular Tone....Pages 443-455
Modulation of Vascular K+Channels by Extracellular Messengers....Pages 457-483
Delayed Rectifier K+Channels of Vascular Smooth Muscle: Characterization, Function, and Regulation by Phosphorylation....Pages 485-503
Potassium Channels in the Circulation of Skeletal Muscle....Pages 505-522
Regulation of Cerebral Artery Diameter by Potassium Channels....Pages 523-542
The Role of Potassium Channels in the Control of the Pulmonary Circulation....Pages 543-570
Potassium Channels in the Renal Circulation....Pages 571-589
Potassium Channels in the Coronary Circulation....Pages 591-615
Vascular K+ Channel Expression and Function at Birth and in the Neonate....Pages 617-636
Front Matter....Pages 637-637
Overview: Potassium Channels in Vascular Endothelial Cells....Pages 639-650
Single-Channel Properties of Ca2+ -Activated K+Channels in the Vascular Endothelium....Pages 651-666
Endothelial Cell K+ Channels, Membrane Potential and the Release of Vasoactive Factors from the Vascular Endothelium....Pages 667-689
Activation of Vascular Smooth Muscle K+Channels by Endothelium-Derived Factors....Pages 691-723
Front Matter....Pages 725-725
Overview: The Role of Potassium Channels in Cardiac Arrhythmias....Pages 727-752
The Molecular Basis of the Long QT Syndrome....Pages 753-772
Altered K+ Channel Expression in the Hypertrophied and Failing Heart....Pages 773-783
Role of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in Cardiac Preconditioning....Pages 785-800
Therapeutic Potential of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel Openers in Cardiac Ischemia....Pages 801-818
Front Matter....Pages 819-819
Altered Expression and Function of Kv Channels in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension....Pages 821-836
Front Matter....Pages 819-819
Anorectic Drugs and the Vasculature....Pages 837-852
Induction of Ca2+ -Activated K+ Channel Expression during Systemic Hypertension: Protection against Pathological Vasoconstriction....Pages 853-867
Antisense Approaches and the Modulation of Potassium Channel Function in the Cardiovascular System....Pages 869-886
Back Matter....Pages 887-899
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