Ebook: Pond Aquaculture Water Quality Management

The efficient and profitable production of fish, crustaceans, and other aquatic organisms in aquaculture depends on a suitable environment in which they can reproduce and grow. Because those organisms live in water, the major environ­ mental concern within the culture system is water quality. Water supplies for aquaculture systems may naturally be oflow quality or polluted by human activity, but in most instances, the primary reason for water quality impairment is the culture activity itself. Manures, fertilizers, and feeds applied to ponds to enhance production only can be partially converted to animal biomass. Thus, at moderate and high production levels, the inputs of nutrients and organic matter to culture units may exceed the assimilative capacity of the ecosystems. The result is deteriorating water quality which stresses the culture species, and stress leads to poor growth, greater incidence of disease, increased mortality, and low produc­ tion. Effluents from aquaculture systems can cause pollution of receiving waters, and pollution entering ponds in source water or chemicals added to ponds for management purposes can contaminate aquacultural products. Thus, water quality in aquaculture extends into the arenas of environmental protection and food quality and safety. A considerable body of literature on water quality management in aquaculture has been accumulated over the past 50 years. The first attempt to compile this information was a small book entitled Water Quality in Warmwater Fish Ponds (Boyd I 979a).

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The only hope of supplying the world's ever-increasing demand for aquatic food products is through aquaculture, and the vast majority of this is conducted in ponds. Although pond aquaculture may appear at first to be an archaic method of growing aquatic animals, it is one that is consistently profitable when the pond is managed properly. The most important aspect of pond management is the maintenance of adequate environmental conditions for good growth and health of the animal under culture. Water quality in ponds also extends into the areas of environmental protection and food quality and safety, which are increasingly important in today's world.
This book provides the most complete, up-to-date account of water quality and its management in aquaculture ponds. It provides background information on the physical, chemical, and biological environment of pond aquaculture, and illustrates how the proper balance of these factors is the essential ingredient for successful production of fish and other aquatic animals. Management techniques for the control of water quality and productivity include liming, fertilization, mechanical aeration, water exchange, and the use of algicides and herbicides. The authors examine the effects of pollution on aquaculture and the validity of current criticisms by environmentalists.
This book will be of great benefit to students, extension agents, policy-makers, government officials and the commercial aquaculture industry.

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The only hope of supplying the world's ever-increasing demand for aquatic food products is through aquaculture, and the vast majority of this is conducted in ponds. Although pond aquaculture may appear at first to be an archaic method of growing aquatic animals, it is one that is consistently profitable when the pond is managed properly. The most important aspect of pond management is the maintenance of adequate environmental conditions for good growth and health of the animal under culture. Water quality in ponds also extends into the areas of environmental protection and food quality and safety, which are increasingly important in today's world.
This book provides the most complete, up-to-date account of water quality and its management in aquaculture ponds. It provides background information on the physical, chemical, and biological environment of pond aquaculture, and illustrates how the proper balance of these factors is the essential ingredient for successful production of fish and other aquatic animals. Management techniques for the control of water quality and productivity include liming, fertilization, mechanical aeration, water exchange, and the use of algicides and herbicides. The authors examine the effects of pollution on aquaculture and the validity of current criticisms by environmentalists.
This book will be of great benefit to students, extension agents, policy-makers, government officials and the commercial aquaculture industry.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xv
Water Quality and Aquaculture: Preliminary Considerations....Pages 1-7
Ecology of Aquaculture Ponds....Pages 8-86
Water Quality Requirements....Pages 87-153
Water Use....Pages 154-177
Liming....Pages 178-225
Fertilization....Pages 226-305
Aeration....Pages 306-353
Water Circulation....Pages 354-373
Turbidity and Appearance of Water....Pages 374-393
Aquatic Weed Control....Pages 394-438
Off-Flavors and Harmful Algae....Pages 439-471
Pollution....Pages 472-497
Chemical, Physical, and Biological Treatments....Pages 498-540
Waste Management....Pages 541-575
Measurement of Water Quality....Pages 576-600
Sustainability and Environmental Issues....Pages 601-624
Back Matter....Pages 625-700

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The only hope of supplying the world's ever-increasing demand for aquatic food products is through aquaculture, and the vast majority of this is conducted in ponds. Although pond aquaculture may appear at first to be an archaic method of growing aquatic animals, it is one that is consistently profitable when the pond is managed properly. The most important aspect of pond management is the maintenance of adequate environmental conditions for good growth and health of the animal under culture. Water quality in ponds also extends into the areas of environmental protection and food quality and safety, which are increasingly important in today's world.
This book provides the most complete, up-to-date account of water quality and its management in aquaculture ponds. It provides background information on the physical, chemical, and biological environment of pond aquaculture, and illustrates how the proper balance of these factors is the essential ingredient for successful production of fish and other aquatic animals. Management techniques for the control of water quality and productivity include liming, fertilization, mechanical aeration, water exchange, and the use of algicides and herbicides. The authors examine the effects of pollution on aquaculture and the validity of current criticisms by environmentalists.
This book will be of great benefit to students, extension agents, policy-makers, government officials and the commercial aquaculture industry.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xv
Water Quality and Aquaculture: Preliminary Considerations....Pages 1-7
Ecology of Aquaculture Ponds....Pages 8-86
Water Quality Requirements....Pages 87-153
Water Use....Pages 154-177
Liming....Pages 178-225
Fertilization....Pages 226-305
Aeration....Pages 306-353
Water Circulation....Pages 354-373
Turbidity and Appearance of Water....Pages 374-393
Aquatic Weed Control....Pages 394-438
Off-Flavors and Harmful Algae....Pages 439-471
Pollution....Pages 472-497
Chemical, Physical, and Biological Treatments....Pages 498-540
Waste Management....Pages 541-575
Measurement of Water Quality....Pages 576-600
Sustainability and Environmental Issues....Pages 601-624
Back Matter....Pages 625-700
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