Ebook: Marine Fish Culture

4 Water Sources ........................................ 149 Criteria ............................................. 149 Major types .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary ............................................ 152 5 Water Treatment ...................................... 155 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials ............................................ 155 Treatment options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 . . . . . . . . . . . System design ........................................ 169 System monitoring and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 . . . . . . . . Environmental considerations .............................. 174 Summary ............................................ 174 6 Culture Units ......................................... 175 Considerations in choosing culture units ...................... 175 Characteristics of culture units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 . . . . . . . . Applications of culture units .............................. 191 Hatchery design " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 . . . . . . . . . . . Summary ............................................ 210 7 Obtaining Fish for Stocking . ............................. 211 Stock from the wild .................................... 211 Stock from the hatchery ................................. 211 Spermatogenesis (sperm formation) ....................... 232 Oogenesis (egg formation) ............................. 232 Oocyte maturation ................................... 233 Endocrine control of oocyte maturation and ovulation .......... 237 fuduced ovulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 . . . . . . . . . . Timing and egg quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 . . . . . . . . . Artificial fertilization ................................. 265 Care of eggs ....................................... 267 Storage of gametes ................. ' .................. 269 Natural ovulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 . . . . . . . . . . Care of broodfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 . . . . . . . . . . Egg collection .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 . . . . . . . . . . fuduced vs natural ovulation ............................ 290 Broodfish adaptability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 . . . . . . . . . . Examples ............................................ 291 Genetic considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 . . . . . . . . . . Hybridization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex control .......................................... 296 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi 8 Nutrition of Larval Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 . . . . . . . . . . Feeding criteria ....................................... 299 Choice and culture of foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 . . . . . . . . . General feeding practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 . . . . . . . . . . Specific feeding practices ................................ 352 General methods used in our hatchery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 . . . . . . . Industrial-scale larval food processing in Italian hatcheries ......... 373 Summary ............................................ 374 9 Nutrition of Juvenile and Adult Fish ...................... 375 ............................. 375 Requirements and components Broodstock nutrition .................................... 407 Nutritional disorders .................................... 408 Environmental considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 . . . . . . . . . Feed studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 . . . . . . . . . . . . Suggested feed formulas ................................. 460 Making and storing feeds ................................ 461 Feeding methods ...................................... 464 Summary ............................................ 467 10 Energetics ............................................ 469 Energy budget components and influencing factors . . . . . . . . . . . 469 . . . .

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With the depletion of wild fish stocks by factors such as overfishing, habitat degradation, pollution, and red tides, the pressures and incentives for commercial farming of marine food and aquarium fish have increased dramatically. Concurrent with that trend has been an increase in the experimental use of live marine fish in various basic and applied sciences, for example, in developmental, ecological, and toxicological research.
Marine Fish Culture is the first comprehensive reference and textbook on this subject and provides information on more than 870 species in 129 families. The book is the product of the author's 27 years of research and teaching in fish culture and biology. Approximately 12,000 references through June 1998 were screened in writing this work, and more than 4,000 are included in the text.
Marine Fish Culture covers all the major topics necessary for raising marine fish, including overviews of commercial production statistics, water sources, water treatment, rearing units, energetics, health, and handling; detailed reviews of fish characteristics relative to rearing, the rearing environment, reproduction, nutrition of larvae, and nutrition of juveniles and adults; and reviews of current rearing knowledge for food, bait, and ornamental marine fish, by family.

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With the depletion of wild fish stocks by factors such as overfishing, habitat degradation, pollution, and red tides, the pressures and incentives for commercial farming of marine food and aquarium fish have increased dramatically. Concurrent with that trend has been an increase in the experimental use of live marine fish in various basic and applied sciences, for example, in developmental, ecological, and toxicological research.
Marine Fish Culture is the first comprehensive reference and textbook on this subject and provides information on more than 870 species in 129 families. The book is the product of the author's 27 years of research and teaching in fish culture and biology. Approximately 12,000 references through June 1998 were screened in writing this work, and more than 4,000 are included in the text.
Marine Fish Culture covers all the major topics necessary for raising marine fish, including overviews of commercial production statistics, water sources, water treatment, rearing units, energetics, health, and handling; detailed reviews of fish characteristics relative to rearing, the rearing environment, reproduction, nutrition of larvae, and nutrition of juveniles and adults; and reviews of current rearing knowledge for food, bait, and ornamental marine fish, by family.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-x
Introduction....Pages 1-16
Characteristics of Marine Fish....Pages 17-48
The Rearing Environment....Pages 49-148
Water Sources....Pages 149-153
Water Treatment....Pages 155-174
Culture Units....Pages 175-210
Obtaining Fish for Stocking....Pages 211-298
Nutrition of Larval Fish....Pages 299-374
Nutrition of Juvenile and Adult Fish....Pages 375-467
Energetics....Pages 469-479
Maintaining Healthy Marine Fish....Pages 481-520
Handling and Transporting Marine Fish....Pages 521-532
Culture of Established and Potential Species—Food Fish....Pages 533-574
Culture of Established and Potential Species—Bait Fish....Pages 575-576
Culture of Established and Potential Species—Ornamental Fish....Pages 577-586
The Future of Marine Fish Culture....Pages 587-588
Back Matter....Pages 589-750

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With the depletion of wild fish stocks by factors such as overfishing, habitat degradation, pollution, and red tides, the pressures and incentives for commercial farming of marine food and aquarium fish have increased dramatically. Concurrent with that trend has been an increase in the experimental use of live marine fish in various basic and applied sciences, for example, in developmental, ecological, and toxicological research.
Marine Fish Culture is the first comprehensive reference and textbook on this subject and provides information on more than 870 species in 129 families. The book is the product of the author's 27 years of research and teaching in fish culture and biology. Approximately 12,000 references through June 1998 were screened in writing this work, and more than 4,000 are included in the text.
Marine Fish Culture covers all the major topics necessary for raising marine fish, including overviews of commercial production statistics, water sources, water treatment, rearing units, energetics, health, and handling; detailed reviews of fish characteristics relative to rearing, the rearing environment, reproduction, nutrition of larvae, and nutrition of juveniles and adults; and reviews of current rearing knowledge for food, bait, and ornamental marine fish, by family.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-x
Introduction....Pages 1-16
Characteristics of Marine Fish....Pages 17-48
The Rearing Environment....Pages 49-148
Water Sources....Pages 149-153
Water Treatment....Pages 155-174
Culture Units....Pages 175-210
Obtaining Fish for Stocking....Pages 211-298
Nutrition of Larval Fish....Pages 299-374
Nutrition of Juvenile and Adult Fish....Pages 375-467
Energetics....Pages 469-479
Maintaining Healthy Marine Fish....Pages 481-520
Handling and Transporting Marine Fish....Pages 521-532
Culture of Established and Potential Species—Food Fish....Pages 533-574
Culture of Established and Potential Species—Bait Fish....Pages 575-576
Culture of Established and Potential Species—Ornamental Fish....Pages 577-586
The Future of Marine Fish Culture....Pages 587-588
Back Matter....Pages 589-750
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