Ebook: Root Demographics and Their Efficiencies in Sustainable Agriculture, Grasslands and Forest Ecosystems: Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the International Society of Root Research, held 14–18 July 1996 at Madren Conference Center, Clemson University, Cl

The International Society of Root Research sponsored the Symposium "Root Demographics and Their Efficiencies in Sustainable Agriculture, GrassLands and Forest Ecosystems," July 14-18, 1996, at the Madren Conference Center, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA. The conference was a continuation of a series of international symposiums on root research held every three to four years. Symposiums have also been held twice in Vienna, Austria, and once in Uppsala, Sweden, and Almaty, Kazahkstan prior to the meeting at Clemson University. The sponsoring society has made a particular effort in these symposia to include root scientists from the former Soviet Union because of the importance of exchanging information on a worldwide basis. This symposium continued and promoted that effort by providing travel grants to several scientists from that region; however, funds for that purpose were limited. Therefore, in compiling these proceedings, a number of papers from scientists from the former Soviet Union and former Warsaw Pack countries have been included even though the scientists were not actually present for the SymPOSIum.

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The chapters in this Proceedings are divided into six areas of interest, reflecting the six sessions of the symposium: (1) Global patterns of carbon allocation and partitioning; (2) Managed and unmanaged ecosystems; (3) Sustainable agroecosystems; (4) Groundwater quality; (5) Genetics, physiology, and molecular biology; and (6) Contemporary methods for measuring root dynamics. The sponsoring society has made a particular effort in these symposia to include root scientists from the former Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries. Therefore, when combined with manuscripts from the U.S.A., western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, P.R. China and Asia, a good sampling of world root research is presented in the sixty-seven chapters. This volume should prove valuable as a reference and source of communication for root scientists.

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The chapters in this Proceedings are divided into six areas of interest, reflecting the six sessions of the symposium: (1) Global patterns of carbon allocation and partitioning; (2) Managed and unmanaged ecosystems; (3) Sustainable agroecosystems; (4) Groundwater quality; (5) Genetics, physiology, and molecular biology; and (6) Contemporary methods for measuring root dynamics. The sponsoring society has made a particular effort in these symposia to include root scientists from the former Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries. Therefore, when combined with manuscripts from the U.S.A., western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, P.R. China and Asia, a good sampling of world root research is presented in the sixty-seven chapters. This volume should prove valuable as a reference and source of communication for root scientists.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Influence of CO2 enrichment and nitrogen fertilization on tissue chemistry and carbon allocation in longleaf pine seedlings....Pages 3-18
Root distribution and production in native and introduced pastures in the South American savannas....Pages 19-41
Role of plant root exudates in soil carbon and nitrogen transformation....Pages 43-54
Biomass of underground organs in Transbaikalian steppe phytocenoses....Pages 55-60
Effect of reclaimation on the dynamics of aboveground and underground phytomass of cultured meadow communities in different ecotypes of Lithuania....Pages 61-73
Front Matter....Pages 75-75
Root growth in Siberian larch (Larix Sibirica Ledeb.) seedlings seasonal variations and effects of various growing regimes, prolonged cold storage and soil temperatures....Pages 77-88
Nutrient composition of Douglas-fir rhizosphere and bulk soil solutions....Pages 89-103
Seasonal development of loblolly pine lateral roots in response to stand density and fertilisation....Pages 105-113
Inhibition of fungal colonization on the rhizoplane of the CS2-producing plant, Mimosa pudica L.....Pages 115-126
Production of carbon disulfide (CS2) from L-djenkolic acid in the roots of Mimosa pudica L.....Pages 127-137
Root biomass of the root-herb layer in coniferous ecosystems of Slovakia....Pages 139-145
Root-shoot relationships in plant adaptation to nitrogen deficiency....Pages 147-154
Morphological intraspecific diversity of below-ground organs in herbs and dwarf shrubs inhabiting the Urals....Pages 155-163
The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and mycorrhizal infection on root and shoot growth of two contrasting genotypes of Betula pendula Roth....Pages 165-175
Turfgrass rooting characteristics of ‘Palmetto’, ‘FX-10’, and ‘Floratam’ St. Augustinegrasses and ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass....Pages 177-187
Front Matter....Pages 189-189
Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides) root penetration into and chemical properties of claypan soils....Pages 191-211
Effect of submergence on the growth and development of aerenchyma in the roots of maize seedlings....Pages 213-221
Seasonal variation in root growth of three grass species under varying cutting treatments....Pages 223-235
Some aspects of the root system of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)....Pages 237-246
Dynamics of below-ground plant organs in grasslands....Pages 247-263
Front Matter....Pages 189-189
Effects of water supply in the upper and lower soil profiles of deep soil on root characteristics and dry matter production of winter wheat....Pages 265-273
Wheat root systems and water utilization in a semi-arid region....Pages 275-283
Common root rot of pea (Pisum sativum L.): Oat pre-crop and traffic compaction effects in fine-textured mollisols....Pages 285-294
Soil compaction and soybean root growth....Pages 295-304
Fibrous carrot root responses to irrigation and compaction of sandy and organic soils....Pages 305-321
Tillage and phosphorus effects on silage corn....Pages 323-330
Root activity and acquisition of soil phosphorus and potassium....Pages 331-344
A study of the root systems of main crops in Northern China....Pages 345-356
Metabolic characteristics of growing and dormant Scotch pine roots in the course of tree development....Pages 357-367
Variation in fine-root biomass and net primary productivity due to conversion of tropical forests into plantation crops and agroecosystems....Pages 369-382
Managing VAM in a semi-arid agroecosystem....Pages 383-392
The role of endomycorrhizae in fine-root litter degradation....Pages 393-401
Evaluation of N2 fixing capability of Acacia saligna under field conditions....Pages 403-416
Front Matter....Pages 417-417
Impact of roots on ground water quality....Pages 419-432
Fine-root response to nitrogen addition and removal at Gardsjon — results from ingrowth cores....Pages 433-443
Root growth responses to lead in young maize seedlings....Pages 445-456
Nitrogen status and growth responses of wheat, and separation of osmotic from ion-specific effects of salinity by control of soil matric potential....Pages 457-469
Root response to rates of banded nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers....Pages 471-482
Salt effect on K influx by two rice cultivars differing in salinity tolerance....Pages 483-491
Effect of NaCl salinity and nitrogen form on fatty acid composition of wheat roots....Pages 493-498
Front Matter....Pages 417-417
Atrazine suppression of fine root growth in corn....Pages 499-505
Front Matter....Pages 507-507
The root meristem and its relationship to root system architecture....Pages 509-521
Developmental models to describe the relationships between shoot and root growth in rice....Pages 523-531
Cytokinin content in roots and shoots of wheat seedlings as affected by transpiration rate....Pages 533-540
Potassium circulation in plant axial organs as a complementary motive force for water absorption by the root....Pages 541-544
Selective inhibition of root branching in cucumber seedlings by compounds with gametocidic activity....Pages 545-554
Change in lipid composition of wheat roots on early phase of mechanical stress....Pages 555-564
Adapative abilities of wheat root cells under calcium load....Pages 565-571
Organic substances in the rooting medium....Pages 573-582
Hormonal response of wheat seedlings to polyethylene glycol-induced water deficiency....Pages 583-592
Changes in ABA and IAA content in the roots and shoots of wheat seedlings under nitrogen deficiency....Pages 593-597
Cytological studies of root apical meristem cells of Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad....Pages 599-605
Immunoassay of cytokinins produced by rhizosphere microorganisms....Pages 607-614
Oppositely-directed water flows in roots with respect to the plant integral hydrodynamic system....Pages 615-621
Auxin-induced changes in ABA and cytokinin concentration in wheat seedlings....Pages 623-630
St. Augustinegrass root growth response following plant growth retardant application....Pages 631-635
Genetic control of adaptive root characteristics in white clover....Pages 637-650
Effect of aluminium, and selection for aluminium tolerance, on root hair length in white clover....Pages 651-662
The Importance of Root-Cap Mucilage for Plant And Soil....Pages 663-671
Front Matter....Pages 673-683
Analysis of some direct and indirect methods for estimating root biomass and production of forests at an ecosystem level....Pages 685-685
Root architecture and root/shoot-ratios of Norway spruce as affected by thinning intensity and soil type in Denmark....Pages 687-720
Automated Image Analysis for Separating Plant Roots from Soil Debris Elutriated from Soil Cores....Pages 721-735
Portable rhizotron and color scanner system for monitoring root development....Pages 737-744
Soil temperature effects from minirhizotron lighting systems....Pages 745-756
Water state and intercellular transport in roots: Characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance....Pages 757-766
Duration of lateral root formation in maize seedlings as affected by diverse factors....Pages 767-775
How deep should we measure root length to find a varietal difference of root distribution in wheat?....Pages 777-787
....Pages 789-793