Ebook: Ecotoxicology: Pesticides and beneficial organisms

Following the original initiative of the International Organisation for Biological Control some 15 years ago, research groups and agrochemical companies have been investigating the effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms, devising laboratory and field test methods and lately developing protocols for regulatory testing requirements in Europe.
This work, and the application of agreed protocols for testing, is of crucial importance to the environmentally acceptable use of pesticides and to the further development of Integrated Pest Management systems, and the objective of this book is to review the origins and progress of the research - what has been accomplished, what is the current position and what still needs to be done.

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Following the original initiative of the International Organisation for Biological Control some 15 years ago, research groups and agrochemical companies have been investigating the effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms, devising laboratory and field test methods and lately developing protocols for regulatory testing requirements in Europe.
This work, and the application of agreed protocols for testing, is of crucial importance to the environmentally acceptable use of pesticides and to the further development of Integrated Pest Management systems, and the objective of this book is to review the origins and progress of the research - what has been accomplished, what is the current position and what still needs to be done.

---

Following the original initiative of the International Organisation for Biological Control some 15 years ago, research groups and agrochemical companies have been investigating the effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms, devising laboratory and field test methods and lately developing protocols for regulatory testing requirements in Europe.
This work, and the application of agreed protocols for testing, is of crucial importance to the environmentally acceptable use of pesticides and to the further development of Integrated Pest Management systems, and the objective of this book is to review the origins and progress of the research - what has been accomplished, what is the current position and what still needs to be done.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxxiv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Introduction....Pages 3-6
Issues associated with pesticide toxicology and arthropod natural enemies in the pre- and post-registration stages of chemical development....Pages 7-21
The initiative of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group on Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms....Pages 22-27
Reducing insecticide use in plant protection in Israel: policy and programmes....Pages 28-36
Pesticides and natural enemies: Malaysia perspectives....Pages 37-45
Can we achieve harmonization of regulatory requirements in Europe?....Pages 46-52
Front Matter....Pages 53-53
Introduction....Pages 55-68
Standard laboratory methods to test the side-effects of pesticides (initial and persistent) on Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)....Pages 71-79
Current status of a ring-tested method to determine pesticide effects on the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in the laboratory....Pages 80-88
Testing side-effects of pesticides on carabid beetles: a standardized method for testing ground-dwelling predators in the laboratory for registration purposes....Pages 89-97
Testing side effects of pesticides on spiders (Pardosa spp.) in the laboratory....Pages 98-106
Two-step test system using the plant-dwelling non-target insect Coccinella septempunctata to generate data for registration of pesticides....Pages 107-113
Side-effects of pesticides on larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): actual state of the laboratory method....Pages 114-122
Field studies with pesticides and non-target arthropods in orchards....Pages 123-136
Accuracy and efficiency of sequential pesticide testing protocols for phytoseiid mites....Pages 139-147
Using a sequential testing scheme under laboratory and field conditions with the bumble bee Bombus terrestris to evaluate the safety of different groups of insecticides....Pages 148-165
Testing effects of pesticides on adult carabid beetles in semi-field and field experiments....Pages 166-174
The value of large-scale field trials for determining the effects of pesticides on the non-target arthropod fauna of cereal crops....Pages 175-181
Comparing pesticide effects on beneficials in a sequential testing scheme....Pages 182-190
Front Matter....Pages 191-201
Introduction....Pages 203-203
Aims and consequences of regulatory risk management in Europe: a discussion....Pages 205-209
Effects of plant protection products on beneficial organisms: the current authorization procedure in Germany....Pages 213-221
Labelling and risk management strategies for pesticides and terrestrial non-target arthropods: a UK proposal....Pages 222-231
Pesticides and beneficial arthropods: an industry perspective....Pages 232-240
Honey bees in Europe: lessons for other terrestrial non-target arthropods....Pages 241-247
Risk assessment and management: is it working? An NGO Perspective....Pages 248-256
Comparative impact of insecticide treatments on beneficial invertebrates in conventional and integrated farming systems....Pages 257-266
Relative toxicity of pesticides to pest and beneficial insects in potato crops in Victoria, Australia....Pages 267-276
The cumulative effect on populations of linyphid spiders and carabid beetles of insecticide sprays applied to two consecutive winter wheat crops....Pages 279-286
The MAFF SCARAB project: seven years of pesticide side-effects research on arthropods....Pages 287-291
A dynamic risk assessment for beneficial insects in cereal canopies....Pages 292-300
Front Matter....Pages 301-310
Introduction....Pages 311-311
Implications of insecticide resistance for interactions between pests, natural enemies and pesticides....Pages 313-314
Approaches for extrapolating pesticide side-effects between arthropod species: how much do we know?....Pages 315-324
Application of pheromones: toxicological aspects, effects on beneficials and state of registration....Pages 325-336
The importance of the population perspective for the evaluation of side-effects of pesticides on beneficial species....Pages 337-347
Front Matter....Pages 348-359
Introduction....Pages 361-361
The Asian initiative in pesticides and beneficials testing....Pages 363-365
The impact of locust and grasshopper control on beneficial arthropods in West Africa....Pages 366-371
Front Matter....Pages 372-380
Impact of insecticides on herbivore-natural enemy communities in tropical rice ecosystems....Pages 361-361
Development of decision-making tools for vegetable farmers in Southeast Asia....Pages 381-403
Back Matter....Pages 404-409
....Pages 411-428