Ebook: Solar Ultraviolet Radiation: Modelling, Measurements and Effects

Following the rapid developments in the UV-B measurement techniques and the rapidly growing research in the field in the late 80's and early 90's, we organized a large gathering of distinguished experts in a NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Halkidiki, Greece on October, 2-11. 1995. The Institute was organized so as to include state of the art lectures on most aspects of solar ultraviolet radiation and its effects. This was achieved by extended lectures and discussions given in five sessions by 27 lecturers and a demonstration of filed measurements and calibration techniques at the end of the Institute. The ASI began with the sun and fundamentals on solar radiative emissions and their variability in time and continued with the interaction of solar Ultraviolet with the atmosphere through the complex scattering processes and photochemical reactions involved. Particular emphasis was given to changes in atmospheric composition imposed by different manifestations of the solar activity cycle. as well as on the modelling of radiative transfer through the atmosphere and the ocean under variable environmental conditions. Overviews on the ozone issue. its monitoring and variability were extensively discussed with emphasis on the observed acceleration of ozone decline in the early 90's. This acceleration had as a consequence, significant increases in UV-B radiation observed at a few world-wide distributed stations.

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This volume brings together state-of-the-art views on ultraviolet radiation, its modelling, and effects from an interdisciplinary panel of international experts. The growing field of research is presented in a sequence from the arrival of UV light at the top of the atmosphere through its transfer to various biological receptors. Modelling and current issues on UV radiative transfer in clear and turbid environments are discussed. Further, measurements and calibration methods are reviewed and, for the first time, established calibration protocols are presented in a coherent way.

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This volume brings together state-of-the-art views on ultraviolet radiation, its modelling, and effects from an interdisciplinary panel of international experts. The growing field of research is presented in a sequence from the arrival of UV light at the top of the atmosphere through its transfer to various biological receptors. Modelling and current issues on UV radiative transfer in clear and turbid environments are discussed. Further, measurements and calibration methods are reviewed and, for the first time, established calibration protocols are presented in a coherent way.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XII
Extraterrestrial Solar Irradiance in the Near and Medium UV Ranges....Pages 1-12
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and UV-B Changes....Pages 13-21
Theoretical Estimation of Biologically Effective UV Radiation at the Earth’s Surface....Pages 23-48
Transfer of Ultraviolet Light in the Atmosphere and Ocean: A Tutorial Review....Pages 49-64
Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiation Scattering and Absorption....Pages 65-84
Modeling of Stratospheric Ozone....Pages 85-94
Satellite Mapping of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation at the Earth’s Surface....Pages 95-118
Spectroradiometer Calibration Methods and Techniques....Pages 119-132
Factors Influencing the Transmission of Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance through the Earth’s Atmosphere....Pages 133-141
Underwater Spectral Measurements....Pages 143-154
Methods to Derive Geographical Differences of UV Irradiances....Pages 155-164
Spectrometers: Operational Errors and Uncertainties....Pages 165-173
Broad-Band Detectors for UV-Measurements....Pages 175-185
Monitoring Personal Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation....Pages 187-200
Effects of UV-B Radiation on Terrestrial Plants....Pages 201-208
Impact on Marine Ecosystems....Pages 209-231
Solar UV Effects in Algal Assemblages of the Caribbean and the Mediterranean Seas....Pages 233-250
Ozone and UV Public Awareness Programs....Pages 251-258
Observed Dependencies of Atmospheric UV Radiation and Trends....Pages 259-266
Current Status of UV Measurements....Pages 267-278
UV Spectro-Radiometry in the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC)....Pages 279-287
Solar UV and the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch System....Pages 289-296
The Role of Ancillary Measurements....Pages 297-302
Global Ozone Change and Possible Climate Implications....Pages 303-324
Back Matter....Pages 325-337

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This volume brings together state-of-the-art views on ultraviolet radiation, its modelling, and effects from an interdisciplinary panel of international experts. The growing field of research is presented in a sequence from the arrival of UV light at the top of the atmosphere through its transfer to various biological receptors. Modelling and current issues on UV radiative transfer in clear and turbid environments are discussed. Further, measurements and calibration methods are reviewed and, for the first time, established calibration protocols are presented in a coherent way.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XII
Extraterrestrial Solar Irradiance in the Near and Medium UV Ranges....Pages 1-12
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and UV-B Changes....Pages 13-21
Theoretical Estimation of Biologically Effective UV Radiation at the Earth’s Surface....Pages 23-48
Transfer of Ultraviolet Light in the Atmosphere and Ocean: A Tutorial Review....Pages 49-64
Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiation Scattering and Absorption....Pages 65-84
Modeling of Stratospheric Ozone....Pages 85-94
Satellite Mapping of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation at the Earth’s Surface....Pages 95-118
Spectroradiometer Calibration Methods and Techniques....Pages 119-132
Factors Influencing the Transmission of Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance through the Earth’s Atmosphere....Pages 133-141
Underwater Spectral Measurements....Pages 143-154
Methods to Derive Geographical Differences of UV Irradiances....Pages 155-164
Spectrometers: Operational Errors and Uncertainties....Pages 165-173
Broad-Band Detectors for UV-Measurements....Pages 175-185
Monitoring Personal Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation....Pages 187-200
Effects of UV-B Radiation on Terrestrial Plants....Pages 201-208
Impact on Marine Ecosystems....Pages 209-231
Solar UV Effects in Algal Assemblages of the Caribbean and the Mediterranean Seas....Pages 233-250
Ozone and UV Public Awareness Programs....Pages 251-258
Observed Dependencies of Atmospheric UV Radiation and Trends....Pages 259-266
Current Status of UV Measurements....Pages 267-278
UV Spectro-Radiometry in the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC)....Pages 279-287
Solar UV and the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch System....Pages 289-296
The Role of Ancillary Measurements....Pages 297-302
Global Ozone Change and Possible Climate Implications....Pages 303-324
Back Matter....Pages 325-337
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