Ebook: Air Pollution: Dimensions, Trends and Interactions with a Forest Ecosystem

In the early 1980s, forest decline became a matter of public and scientific concern when forest stands with Norway spruce (Picea abies [L. ] Karst. ) showed evident damage on a large geographical scale throughout Europe. The causes of the observed symptoms could not be elucidated on the basis of the state of knowledge at that time. Therefore, several research projects were launched both in Germany and in some other countries in order to identify the relevant pathogenic factors. In 1985, the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology decided to include the site "Postturm", forest district Farchau/Ratzeburg, in the spon­ sorship of the research on forest decline as a site typical for lowlands and a sphere of anthropogenic urban influence. The investigation area is situated about 40 krn east-northeast of the city of Hamburg. Since spruce trees in particular showed severe decline, emphasis was laid on this species. The programme started in 1986 and extended to 1992, with some activities con­ tinuing beyond this time. Working groups from 13 institutions took part in the overall project.

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This book presents the final evaluation of a multidisciplinary study on air pollution at a Norway spruce stand in North Germany and on the interactions of atmospheric constituents with the forest ecosystem. Some of the special features of this research work are the application of advanced trace analysis techniques, the use of improved methods for quantifying extensively the dry deposition, the determination of element and gas fluxes including their balances as well as the assessment of the responses of the forest ecosystem. Comprehensive data are presented on the nutrient and carbon dioxide budget. Other subjects refer to the seasonal variations and the long-term trends of air pollution.

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This book presents the final evaluation of a multidisciplinary study on air pollution at a Norway spruce stand in North Germany and on the interactions of atmospheric constituents with the forest ecosystem. Some of the special features of this research work are the application of advanced trace analysis techniques, the use of improved methods for quantifying extensively the dry deposition, the determination of element and gas fluxes including their balances as well as the assessment of the responses of the forest ecosystem. Comprehensive data are presented on the nutrient and carbon dioxide budget. Other subjects refer to the seasonal variations and the long-term trends of air pollution.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XI
Introduction....Pages 1-3
The Investigation Site....Pages 5-8
Research Concept and Coordination....Pages 9-15
General Outline of the Measuring Station....Pages 17-22
Experimental Procedures....Pages 23-43
Methodology for the Determination of Atmospheric Deposition and of Fluxes within the Ecosystem Compartments....Pages 45-55
Trace Elements in Rainwater: Concentrations and Wet Deposition....Pages 57-72
Deposition of Anions and Cations Via Precipitation....Pages 73-80
Trace Elements in Size-Fractionated Particulates: Concentrations and Dry Deposition into a Forest Ecosystem....Pages 81-91
Total Deposition of Trace Elements....Pages 93-95
Element Supply and Element Fluxes in the Forest Ecosystem Compartments....Pages 97-125
Concentrations and Deposition of Gaseous Pollutants: SO2, NO2, NO, NH3 and O3 ....Pages 127-148
Impact of Gaseous Pollutants on the Forest Ecosystem....Pages 149-166
Summary and Conclusions....Pages 167-173
Back Matter....Pages 175-177

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This book presents the final evaluation of a multidisciplinary study on air pollution at a Norway spruce stand in North Germany and on the interactions of atmospheric constituents with the forest ecosystem. Some of the special features of this research work are the application of advanced trace analysis techniques, the use of improved methods for quantifying extensively the dry deposition, the determination of element and gas fluxes including their balances as well as the assessment of the responses of the forest ecosystem. Comprehensive data are presented on the nutrient and carbon dioxide budget. Other subjects refer to the seasonal variations and the long-term trends of air pollution.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XI
Introduction....Pages 1-3
The Investigation Site....Pages 5-8
Research Concept and Coordination....Pages 9-15
General Outline of the Measuring Station....Pages 17-22
Experimental Procedures....Pages 23-43
Methodology for the Determination of Atmospheric Deposition and of Fluxes within the Ecosystem Compartments....Pages 45-55
Trace Elements in Rainwater: Concentrations and Wet Deposition....Pages 57-72
Deposition of Anions and Cations Via Precipitation....Pages 73-80
Trace Elements in Size-Fractionated Particulates: Concentrations and Dry Deposition into a Forest Ecosystem....Pages 81-91
Total Deposition of Trace Elements....Pages 93-95
Element Supply and Element Fluxes in the Forest Ecosystem Compartments....Pages 97-125
Concentrations and Deposition of Gaseous Pollutants: SO2, NO2, NO, NH3 and O3 ....Pages 127-148
Impact of Gaseous Pollutants on the Forest Ecosystem....Pages 149-166
Summary and Conclusions....Pages 167-173
Back Matter....Pages 175-177
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