Ebook: Pathogen and Microbial Contamination Management in Micropropagation

This book is based mainly on invited and offered papers presented at the Second International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures held at University College, Cork, Ireland in September 1996, with additional invited papers. The First International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures was held at the same venue in 1987 and was published as Acta Horticulturae volume 225, 1988. In the intervening years there have been considerable advances in both plant disease diagnostics and in the development of structured approaches to the management of disease and microbial contamination in micropropagation. These approaches have centred on attempts to separate, spatially, the problems of disease transmission and laboratory contamination. Disease-control is best achieved by establishing pathogen-free cultures while laboratory contamination is based on subsequent good working practice. Control of losses due to pathogens and microbial contamination in vitro addresses, arguably, the most importance causes of losses in the industry; nevertheless, losses at and post establishment can also be considerable due to poor quality microplants or micro-shoots. In this symposium, a holistic approach to pathogen and microbial contamination control is evident with the recognition that micropropagators must address pathogen and microbial contamination in vitro, and diseases and microplant failure at establishment. There is increasing interest in establishing beneficial bacterial and mycorrhizal association with microplants in vitro and in vivo.

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This book is based on papers presented at the Second International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures held at University College, Cork, Ireland in September 1996, with additional invited papers. Since the first symposium (published as Acta Horticulturae 225, 1988), there have been considerable advances in both plant disease diagnostics and in the development of structured approaches to the management of disease and microbial contamination in micropropagation. These approaches have centered on attempts to separate, spatially, the problems of vertical disease transmission, via infected explants to progeny microplants, from laboratory contamination. Disease control is best achieved by establishing pathogen-free cultures, while laboratory contamination management is based on subsequent good working practice. Control of losses due to pathogens and microbial contamination in vitro addresses, arguably, the most important causes of losses in the industry; nevertheless, losses at and post establishment can also be considerable due to poor quality micro-propagules. In this book, a holistic approach to pathogen and microbial contamination control is evident with the recognition that micropropagators must address pathogen and microbial contamination in vitro, and diseases and microplant failure at establishment. There is increasing interest in establishing beneficial bacterial and mycorrhizal association with microplants in vitro and in vivo.
The contents are divided into sections. In each section there are papers that update contributions offered at the first symposium; for example, major advances have been made in microbial taxonomy and diagnostics based on advances in DNA-based techniques. Consolidation has occurred in therapy and laboratory contamination management. Novel, and arguably speculative, in vitro contamination control based on autotrophic culture is described; and disease control at establishment using bacterial and mycorrhizal inoculants is discussed.

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This book is based on papers presented at the Second International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures held at University College, Cork, Ireland in September 1996, with additional invited papers. Since the first symposium (published as Acta Horticulturae 225, 1988), there have been considerable advances in both plant disease diagnostics and in the development of structured approaches to the management of disease and microbial contamination in micropropagation. These approaches have centered on attempts to separate, spatially, the problems of vertical disease transmission, via infected explants to progeny microplants, from laboratory contamination. Disease control is best achieved by establishing pathogen-free cultures, while laboratory contamination management is based on subsequent good working practice. Control of losses due to pathogens and microbial contamination in vitro addresses, arguably, the most important causes of losses in the industry; nevertheless, losses at and post establishment can also be considerable due to poor quality micro-propagules. In this book, a holistic approach to pathogen and microbial contamination control is evident with the recognition that micropropagators must address pathogen and microbial contamination in vitro, and diseases and microplant failure at establishment. There is increasing interest in establishing beneficial bacterial and mycorrhizal association with microplants in vitro and in vivo.
The contents are divided into sections. In each section there are papers that update contributions offered at the first symposium; for example, major advances have been made in microbial taxonomy and diagnostics based on advances in DNA-based techniques. Consolidation has occurred in therapy and laboratory contamination management. Novel, and arguably speculative, in vitro contamination control based on autotrophic culture is described; and disease control at establishment using bacterial and mycorrhizal inoculants is discussed.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xii
Pathogen and Microbial Contamination Management in Micropropagation — An Overview....Pages 1-13
Strategic Considerations for the Establishment of Micro-Organism-Free Tissue Cultures for Commercial Ornamental Micropropagation....Pages 15-22
Trends in European Plant Tissue Culture Industry from 1990 to 1993....Pages 23-29
Commercial Micropropagation Laboratories in the United States....Pages 31-37
Walled and Wall-Less Eubacteria from Plants: Sieve-Tube-Restricted Plant Pathogens....Pages 39-44
Modern Methods for Identifying Bacteria....Pages 45-60
Developments in Serological Methods to Detect and Identify Plant Viruses....Pages 61-73
Molecular Diagnostics for Pathogen Detection in Seeds and Planting Material....Pages 75-82
Isolation and Analysis of Double-Stranded RNA in Plant Tissues to Detect Virus and Virus-Like Agents....Pages 83-95
A Review of the lux-Marker System: Potential for Application in Plant Tissue Culture....Pages 97-105
Cost Analysis of Detection of Bacteria and Phytoplasmas in Plant Tissue Cultures by PCR....Pages 107-113
Microbes Intimately Associated with Tissue and Cell Cultures of Tropical Dioscorea Yams....Pages 115-122
Detection and Identification of Bacterial Contaminants of Strawberry Runner Explants....Pages 123-130
Evidence for the Occurrence of Endophytic Prokaryotic Contaminants in Micropropagated Plantlets of Prunus Cerasus cv. ‘Montmorency’....Pages 131-138
Occurrence and Influence of Endogenous Bacteria in Embryogenic Cultures of Norway Spruce....Pages 139-143
Antibiotics in Plant Tissue Culture and Micropropagation — What are We Aiming at?....Pages 145-148
Elimination of External and internal Contaminants in Rhizomes of Zantedeschia Aethiopica with Commercial Fungicides and Antibiotics....Pages 149-154
Internal Bacterial Contamination of Micropropagated Hazelnut: Identification and Antibiotic Treatment....Pages 155-160
Elimination of Several Bacterial Isolates from Meristem Tips of Hydrangea spp.....Pages 161-167
The Application of Antibiotics and Sulphonamide for Eliminating Bacillus Cereus During the Micropropagation of Infected Dieffenbachia Picta Schott....Pages 169-174
Identification and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacterial Contaminants Isolated from in vitro Cultures of Some Tropical Aquatic Plants....Pages 175-181
The Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid on Development of Bacterial Contaminants and Gas Evolution in Apricot Shoot Cultures....Pages 183-191
Control of Bacillus Contaminating Date Palm Tissue in Micropropagation Using Antibiotics....Pages 193-199
Monitoring of Virus Diseases in Austrian Grapevine Varieties and Virus Elimination Using in vitro Thermotherapy....Pages 201-206
Elimination of Bean Seed-Borne Bacteria by Thermotherapy and Meristem Culture....Pages 207-211
Prevention and Elimination of Contamination for in vitro Culture of Several Woody Species....Pages 213-218
Laboratory Contamination Management; the Requirement for Microbiological Quality Assurance....Pages 219-224
Microbial Communities on Human Tissues; An Important Source of Contaminants in Plant Tissue Cultures....Pages 225-231
Contamination by Micro-Arthropods in Plant Tissue Cultures....Pages 233-236
Photoautotrophic Micropropagation — A Strategy for Contamination Control?....Pages 237-244
The use of Hortifoam Substrate in a Micropropagation System. Comparative Study of Sugar-Based and Sugar-Free Medium....Pages 245-257
Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory Establishment under Challenging Conditions....Pages 259-266
Epiphytic Bacteria: Activities, Risks and Benefits....Pages 267-278
From Laboratory to Applications: Challenges and Progress with in vitro Dual Cultures of Potato and Beneficial Bacteria....Pages 279-285
Bacillus Subtilis an Endophyte of Chestnut (Castanea Sativa) as Antagonist Against Chestnut Blight (Cryphonectria Parasitica)....Pages 287-291
Biological Control of Botrytis, Phytophthora and Pythium by Bacillus Subtilis Cot1 and Cl27 of Micropropagated Plants in High-Humidity Fogging Glasshouses....Pages 293-298
Microbial Characterisation and Preparation of Inoculum for in vitro Mycorrhization of Strawberry in Autotrophic Culture....Pages 299-308
Acclimation Results of Micropropagated Black Locust (Robinia Pseudoacacia L.) Improved by Symbiotic Micro-Organisms....Pages 309-320
Problems with Plant Health of in vitro Propagated Anthurium spp. and Phalaenopsis Hybrids....Pages 321-329
Back Matter....Pages 331-337
....Pages 339-344