Ebook: Advances in Ocular Toxicology

This volume represents the proceedings of the Fifth Congress of the International Society of Ocular Toxicology (ISOT), which was held at the Grove Park Inn and Resort in Asheville, North Carolina, October 13-17, 1996. We are delighted to present this volume to the ophthalmic community, especially those with a significant interest in ocular toxicol­ ogy. The Fifth Congress was developed around themes relating to ocular drug metabolism, the ocular pathophysiological effects of nitric oxide, government issues relating to the use of alternative methods for toxicity testing, and a workshop that encompassed comparisons of both in vitro versus in vivo models as well as different animal models. The outcome of this congress, embodied in this volume, is a contribution to the methodologies currently employed or under development and to various drug or physical effects on different ocular tissues. While the focus of this proceedings is on ocular effects of drugs or other materials, many of the contributions deal with topics that have a much broader interest. The workshop concerning the use of different model systems and the choice of the best animal model for drug testing covers a wide range of interests that ex­ tends far beyond specific ocular effects. This is especially true in the area of alternative methods and in the choice of the best animal model for examination of different disease entities.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xv
Welcome and Opening of Congress....Pages 1-2
Cytochrome P450 and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in the Corneal Epithelium....Pages 3-20
The Effects of 12(R)Hete and Its Metabolite 8(R)HHDTre on Corneal Endothelial Function....Pages 21-26
Protein-Thiol Mixed Disulfides and Thioltransferase in the Lens....Pages 27-46
Corneal Lesions in Beagle Dogs Given Oral 5-Ethynyluracil Followed by 5-Fluorouracil....Pages 47-53
Corneal Damage Following Continuous Infusion in Rats....Pages 55-62
Ultraviolet Light-Induced Damage in Rabbit Corneal Epithelial Cells in Vitro....Pages 63-72
The Effects of AD Libitum (AL) Overfeeding and Moderate Dietary Restriction (DR) on the Incidence of Spontaneous Corneal Dystrophy in Control Sprague-Dawley (SD) Rats....Pages 73-80
Barotoxic Effects on Morphology and Viability of Trabecular Cells....Pages 81-86
Topical Fluorescein Application Can Induce Iritis and Glaucoma....Pages 87-91
Ocular Toxicity of Sodium Diethylthiocarbamate, DDTC, in the Beagle Dog....Pages 93-95
Do Therapeutic Doses of Ethambutol Cause Optic Nerve Toxicity?....Pages 97-101
Testing of Ocular Viscoelastics by Injection into the Rabbit Vitreous....Pages 103-106
Effects of Antiviral Agents on Retinal Function in Vertebrate Retina....Pages 107-112
Experimental Implantation of Devices for Electrical Retinal Stimulation In Rabbits....Pages 113-120
Nitric Oxide in Ocular Inflammation....Pages 121-131
Role of Nitric Oxide in Vascular Dysfunction Associated with Ocular Diseases....Pages 133-149
Effects of the Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Lipoxygenase on the Development of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis....Pages 151-158
Evaluation of Two Rabbit Ocular Implantation Models Using Polymethylmethacrylate Intraocular Lenses....Pages 159-167
Characterization of Immortalized Lens Epithelial Cells as a Potential in Vitro Alternative Model for the Cellular Toxicity and the Efficacy Evaluations of Ocular Drug Candidates....Pages 169-179
Immortalization and Characterizations of Rabbit Corneal Epithelial Cell Lines as Potential In Vitro Alternative Models for Evaluating the Cellular Toxicity of Ocular Drug Candidates....Pages 181-191
Comparison of Some In Vitro Measurements of Membrane Damage to Corneal Epithelial Cells....Pages 193-202
Computer-Assisted Evaluation of Iris Color Changes in Primate Toxicity Studies....Pages 203-205
Workshop on in Vitro Versus in Vivo Models for Ocular Toxicity Testing....Pages 207-259
Toxicity Testing for Ocular Drug Products....Pages 261-268
Back Matter....Pages 269-276

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xv
Welcome and Opening of Congress....Pages 1-2
Cytochrome P450 and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in the Corneal Epithelium....Pages 3-20
The Effects of 12(R)Hete and Its Metabolite 8(R)HHDTre on Corneal Endothelial Function....Pages 21-26
Protein-Thiol Mixed Disulfides and Thioltransferase in the Lens....Pages 27-46
Corneal Lesions in Beagle Dogs Given Oral 5-Ethynyluracil Followed by 5-Fluorouracil....Pages 47-53
Corneal Damage Following Continuous Infusion in Rats....Pages 55-62
Ultraviolet Light-Induced Damage in Rabbit Corneal Epithelial Cells in Vitro....Pages 63-72
The Effects of AD Libitum (AL) Overfeeding and Moderate Dietary Restriction (DR) on the Incidence of Spontaneous Corneal Dystrophy in Control Sprague-Dawley (SD) Rats....Pages 73-80
Barotoxic Effects on Morphology and Viability of Trabecular Cells....Pages 81-86
Topical Fluorescein Application Can Induce Iritis and Glaucoma....Pages 87-91
Ocular Toxicity of Sodium Diethylthiocarbamate, DDTC, in the Beagle Dog....Pages 93-95
Do Therapeutic Doses of Ethambutol Cause Optic Nerve Toxicity?....Pages 97-101
Testing of Ocular Viscoelastics by Injection into the Rabbit Vitreous....Pages 103-106
Effects of Antiviral Agents on Retinal Function in Vertebrate Retina....Pages 107-112
Experimental Implantation of Devices for Electrical Retinal Stimulation In Rabbits....Pages 113-120
Nitric Oxide in Ocular Inflammation....Pages 121-131
Role of Nitric Oxide in Vascular Dysfunction Associated with Ocular Diseases....Pages 133-149
Effects of the Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Lipoxygenase on the Development of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis....Pages 151-158
Evaluation of Two Rabbit Ocular Implantation Models Using Polymethylmethacrylate Intraocular Lenses....Pages 159-167
Characterization of Immortalized Lens Epithelial Cells as a Potential in Vitro Alternative Model for the Cellular Toxicity and the Efficacy Evaluations of Ocular Drug Candidates....Pages 169-179
Immortalization and Characterizations of Rabbit Corneal Epithelial Cell Lines as Potential In Vitro Alternative Models for Evaluating the Cellular Toxicity of Ocular Drug Candidates....Pages 181-191
Comparison of Some In Vitro Measurements of Membrane Damage to Corneal Epithelial Cells....Pages 193-202
Computer-Assisted Evaluation of Iris Color Changes in Primate Toxicity Studies....Pages 203-205
Workshop on in Vitro Versus in Vivo Models for Ocular Toxicity Testing....Pages 207-259
Toxicity Testing for Ocular Drug Products....Pages 261-268
Back Matter....Pages 269-276
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