Ebook: Species Survival in Fragmented Landscapes

The effects of isolation, area size, and habitat quality on the survival of animal and plant populations in the cultural landscape are central aspects of a research project started in Germany in 1993 (,Forschungsverbund, Isolation, FHichengroBe und BiotopquaIiHit', abbreviated to 'FIFB'). After a long period of preparation, scientists from seven univer­ sities and one research institution started to work within the frame of this project. Fund­ ing for four years was provided by the former German Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT), now the Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). A strong focus of the project has been the improvement of the methodology for environmental impact assessments and the implementation of results into environmental planning. As there is a certain risk that national projects develop some kind of 'mental in­ breeding', it was decided to discuss concepts, methods, and first results with scientists of international reputation at a rather early stage of the project. For this purpose, an inter­ national workshop was held in the small village of Lubast, north of Leipzig (state of Saxony) in March 1995. 130 scientists from 10 nations met to discuss and debate issues surrounding habitat fragmentation for three days. Papers presented there formed the basis for this book. As discussions included general reviews as well as particular case studies, we decided to structure this book in a similar way. Consequently, a combination of broad and more general, review-like papers as well as original papers are presented.

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The book integrates population biology theory and practice with management of fragmented ecosystems. This has rarely been successfully performed so far, as theory is usually conspicuous by being unconnected with management. Most management guidelines, therefore, tend to be extremely general and based on biogeography rather than population dynamics. Reviews on the current state of the art in connection with fragmentation research (population biology and genetics) are presented. The focus is put on the most important results of a large German project, which emphasises the application of metapopulation and minimum viable population theory in Central European cultural landscapes. This is supplemented by case studies from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand.
The book is aimed at scientists in ecology and nature conservation as well as graduate students and people working in conservation practice.

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The book integrates population biology theory and practice with management of fragmented ecosystems. This has rarely been successfully performed so far, as theory is usually conspicuous by being unconnected with management. Most management guidelines, therefore, tend to be extremely general and based on biogeography rather than population dynamics. Reviews on the current state of the art in connection with fragmentation research (population biology and genetics) are presented. The focus is put on the most important results of a large German project, which emphasises the application of metapopulation and minimum viable population theory in Central European cultural landscapes. This is supplemented by case studies from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand.
The book is aimed at scientists in ecology and nature conservation as well as graduate students and people working in conservation practice.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xvi
The Case for a Science-Based Strategy for Conserving Threatened Butterfly Populations in the UK and North Europe....Pages 1-6
Decline and Rehabilitation of the Apollo Butterfly Parnassius Apollo (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Pieniny National Park (Polish Carpathians)....Pages 7-14
Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on the Butterfly Maculinea Alcon in the Netherlands....Pages 15-23
Forest Resource Management and the Conservation of Arboreal Marsupials in Central Victoria, Southeastern Australia....Pages 24-37
The Conservation Biology of a Specialist and a Generalist Gecko in the Fragmented Landscape of the Western Australian Wheatbelt....Pages 39-51
Bird Population Dynamics in Relation to Habitat Quality....Pages 52-60
Population size, Genetic Variation, and Related Para-Meters in Small, Isolated Plant Populations: a Case Study....Pages 61-68
Habitat Networks in the Fragmented Landscape of the Western Australian Wheatbelt: Preliminary Results, Involvement with Landcare Groups, and Experience in Implementation....Pages 69-80
Species Survival and Metapopulations: Conservation Implications from Ecological Theory....Pages 81-92
Genetical Aspects of Fragmented Plant Populations....Pages 93-101
Applications of Population Viability Analysis in Conservation Biology in Australia....Pages 102-110
Area Requirement and Isolation: Conservation Concepts and Application in Central Europe....Pages 111-122
Dispersal of Plants in Fragmented Landscapes....Pages 123-127
Experimental Fragmentation....Pages 128-137
Landscape Fragmentation and Landscape Planning, with a Focus on Germany....Pages 138-151
Studying Species Survival in Fragmented Landscapes: The Approach of the FIFB....Pages 152-160
The Hilly Landscape of Halle - Main Study Area of the FIFB....Pages 161-168
Vegetation Cover of Porphyry Outcrops....Pages 169-172
Vegetation Structure of the Porphyry Landscape of Halle....Pages 173-175
Relations of Invertebrate Species to Habitat Quality in the Fragmented Porphyry Landscape Near Halle (Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany)....Pages 176-182
Invertebrates and Area Size in the Porphyry Landscape of Halle....Pages 183-186
Invertebrates and Isolation in the Porphyry Landscape of Halle....Pages 187-193
Why are Some Plant Species of Fragmented Continental Dry Grasslands Frequent and Some Rare?....Pages 194-203
Survival of Small Isolated Population of Muscari Tenuiflorum Tausch in Dry Continental Grasslands....Pages 204-208
Restoration of Fallow or Afforested Calcareous Grasslands by Clear-Cutting....Pages 209-218
A Coenotical Approach of Plant Population Viability Analysis on Successional and Afforested Calcarous Grassland Sites....Pages 219-229
Survival of Birds in Fragmented Landscapes....Pages 230-236
Survival of Lizards in Habitat Islands in Central Europe - Introduction and Summary Conclusions....Pages 237-240
Survival of the Sand Lizard (Lacerta Agilis Linnaeus, 1758) (Sauria, Lacertidae) in Relation to Habitat Quality and Heterogeneity....Pages 241-247
Consolidation of Vineyards, Mitigations, and Survival of the Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis Muralis) in Isolated Habitat Fragments....Pages 248-261
Research on Population Viability of Melitaea Didyma (Esper, 1779) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)....Pages 262-267
A Population Ecological Study of Chazara Briseis (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae)....Pages 268-274
Aspects of the Population Vulnerability of the Large Blue Butterfly, Glaucopsyche (Maculinea) Arion, in South-West Germany....Pages 275-281
Towards Demographic Vulnerability Categories of Butterflies....Pages 282-289
The Ecological Background of Population Vulnerability in Central European Grasshoppers and Bush Crickets: A Brief Review....Pages 290-298
A Population Vulnerability Analysis of the Stripe-Winged Grasshopper, Stenobothrus Lineatus (Caelifera: Acrididae)....Pages 299-311
A Population Vulnerability Analysis of the Red-Winged Grasshopper, Oedipoda Germanica (Caelifera: Acrididae)....Pages 312-319
Elements of Population Vulnerability of the Blue-Winged Grasshopper, Oedipoda Caerulscens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Caelifera, Acrididae)....Pages 320-323
Population Vulnerability of the Grey Bush Cricket Platycleis Albopunctata (GOEZE, 1778) (Ensifera: Tettigoniidae)....Pages 324-328
Survival of Snails in Fragmented Landscapes....Pages 329-343
Genetics of Insect Populations in Fragmented Landscapes - A Comparison of Species and Habitats....Pages 344-355
Mapping and Assessing Habitat Models on the Landscape Level....Pages 356-362
Implementation of FIFB Results in Environmental Planning....Pages 363-372
Species Survival in Relation to Habitat Quality, Size, and Isolation: Summary Conclusions and Future Directions....Pages 373-381
Back Matter....Pages 383-384

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The book integrates population biology theory and practice with management of fragmented ecosystems. This has rarely been successfully performed so far, as theory is usually conspicuous by being unconnected with management. Most management guidelines, therefore, tend to be extremely general and based on biogeography rather than population dynamics. Reviews on the current state of the art in connection with fragmentation research (population biology and genetics) are presented. The focus is put on the most important results of a large German project, which emphasises the application of metapopulation and minimum viable population theory in Central European cultural landscapes. This is supplemented by case studies from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand.
The book is aimed at scientists in ecology and nature conservation as well as graduate students and people working in conservation practice.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xvi
The Case for a Science-Based Strategy for Conserving Threatened Butterfly Populations in the UK and North Europe....Pages 1-6
Decline and Rehabilitation of the Apollo Butterfly Parnassius Apollo (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Pieniny National Park (Polish Carpathians)....Pages 7-14
Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on the Butterfly Maculinea Alcon in the Netherlands....Pages 15-23
Forest Resource Management and the Conservation of Arboreal Marsupials in Central Victoria, Southeastern Australia....Pages 24-37
The Conservation Biology of a Specialist and a Generalist Gecko in the Fragmented Landscape of the Western Australian Wheatbelt....Pages 39-51
Bird Population Dynamics in Relation to Habitat Quality....Pages 52-60
Population size, Genetic Variation, and Related Para-Meters in Small, Isolated Plant Populations: a Case Study....Pages 61-68
Habitat Networks in the Fragmented Landscape of the Western Australian Wheatbelt: Preliminary Results, Involvement with Landcare Groups, and Experience in Implementation....Pages 69-80
Species Survival and Metapopulations: Conservation Implications from Ecological Theory....Pages 81-92
Genetical Aspects of Fragmented Plant Populations....Pages 93-101
Applications of Population Viability Analysis in Conservation Biology in Australia....Pages 102-110
Area Requirement and Isolation: Conservation Concepts and Application in Central Europe....Pages 111-122
Dispersal of Plants in Fragmented Landscapes....Pages 123-127
Experimental Fragmentation....Pages 128-137
Landscape Fragmentation and Landscape Planning, with a Focus on Germany....Pages 138-151
Studying Species Survival in Fragmented Landscapes: The Approach of the FIFB....Pages 152-160
The Hilly Landscape of Halle - Main Study Area of the FIFB....Pages 161-168
Vegetation Cover of Porphyry Outcrops....Pages 169-172
Vegetation Structure of the Porphyry Landscape of Halle....Pages 173-175
Relations of Invertebrate Species to Habitat Quality in the Fragmented Porphyry Landscape Near Halle (Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany)....Pages 176-182
Invertebrates and Area Size in the Porphyry Landscape of Halle....Pages 183-186
Invertebrates and Isolation in the Porphyry Landscape of Halle....Pages 187-193
Why are Some Plant Species of Fragmented Continental Dry Grasslands Frequent and Some Rare?....Pages 194-203
Survival of Small Isolated Population of Muscari Tenuiflorum Tausch in Dry Continental Grasslands....Pages 204-208
Restoration of Fallow or Afforested Calcareous Grasslands by Clear-Cutting....Pages 209-218
A Coenotical Approach of Plant Population Viability Analysis on Successional and Afforested Calcarous Grassland Sites....Pages 219-229
Survival of Birds in Fragmented Landscapes....Pages 230-236
Survival of Lizards in Habitat Islands in Central Europe - Introduction and Summary Conclusions....Pages 237-240
Survival of the Sand Lizard (Lacerta Agilis Linnaeus, 1758) (Sauria, Lacertidae) in Relation to Habitat Quality and Heterogeneity....Pages 241-247
Consolidation of Vineyards, Mitigations, and Survival of the Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis Muralis) in Isolated Habitat Fragments....Pages 248-261
Research on Population Viability of Melitaea Didyma (Esper, 1779) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)....Pages 262-267
A Population Ecological Study of Chazara Briseis (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae)....Pages 268-274
Aspects of the Population Vulnerability of the Large Blue Butterfly, Glaucopsyche (Maculinea) Arion, in South-West Germany....Pages 275-281
Towards Demographic Vulnerability Categories of Butterflies....Pages 282-289
The Ecological Background of Population Vulnerability in Central European Grasshoppers and Bush Crickets: A Brief Review....Pages 290-298
A Population Vulnerability Analysis of the Stripe-Winged Grasshopper, Stenobothrus Lineatus (Caelifera: Acrididae)....Pages 299-311
A Population Vulnerability Analysis of the Red-Winged Grasshopper, Oedipoda Germanica (Caelifera: Acrididae)....Pages 312-319
Elements of Population Vulnerability of the Blue-Winged Grasshopper, Oedipoda Caerulscens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Caelifera, Acrididae)....Pages 320-323
Population Vulnerability of the Grey Bush Cricket Platycleis Albopunctata (GOEZE, 1778) (Ensifera: Tettigoniidae)....Pages 324-328
Survival of Snails in Fragmented Landscapes....Pages 329-343
Genetics of Insect Populations in Fragmented Landscapes - A Comparison of Species and Habitats....Pages 344-355
Mapping and Assessing Habitat Models on the Landscape Level....Pages 356-362
Implementation of FIFB Results in Environmental Planning....Pages 363-372
Species Survival in Relation to Habitat Quality, Size, and Isolation: Summary Conclusions and Future Directions....Pages 373-381
Back Matter....Pages 383-384
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