Ebook: Natural Toxins 2: Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Detection

From beach encounters, aquaculture perils, and processed-food poisoning to snake bites and biological warfare, natural toxins seem never to be far from the public's sight. A better understanding of toxins in terms of their origin, structure, structure-function relation­ ships, mechanism of action, and detection and diagnosis is of utmost importance to human and animal food safety, nutrition, and health. In addition, it is now clear that many of the toxins can be used as scientific tools to explore the molecular mechanism of several biological processes, be it a mechanism involved in the function of membrane channels, exocytosis, or cytotoxicity. Several of the natural toxins have also been approved as therapeutic drugs, which has made them of interest to several pharmaceutical companies. For example, botulinum neurotoxins, which have been used in studies in the field of neurobiology, have also been used directly as therapeutic drugs against several neuromus­ cular diseases, such as strabismus and blepherospasm. Toxins in combination with modem biotechnological approaches are also being investigated for their potential use against certain deadly medical problems. For example, a combination of plant toxin ricin and antibodies is being developed for the treatment of tumors. The great potential of natural toxins has attracted scientists of varying backgrounds-pure chemists to cancer biologists-to the study of fundamental aspects of the actions of these toxins.

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Overviews of Toxins: Marine Natural Products: Diversity in Molecular Structure and Bioactivity; P.A. Scheuer Plant Toxins: The Essence of Diversity and a Challenge to Research; G.D. Manners Overview of Snake Venom Chemistry; A.T. Tu Critical Aspects of Bacterial Protein Toxins; B.R. SinghOrigin, Structure, and Function: Structure and Function of Cobra Neurotoxin; C.C. Yang Structure and Function of Cobra Venom Factor: The Complementactivating Protein in Cobra Venom; C.V. Vogel,et al. A Case Study of Cardiotoxin III from the Taiwan Cobra (Naja naja atra): Solution Structure and Other Physical Properties; T.K.S.Kumar, et al. The Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Pyrogenic Toxin Family; G.A. Bohach, et al. Primary Structural Motifs of Conus Peptides; L.J. Cruj Hymenoptera Venom Proteins; D.R. HoffmanMechanismof Action: Mechanism of Action of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxins; N. Sugimoto, et al. Binding Proteins of Synaptic Membranes for Certain Neurotoxic Phospholipase A2; M.C. Tzeng, et al. Pyrularia Thionin: Physical Properties, Binding to Phospholipid Bilayers and Cellular Responses; L. Vernon The Chemistry and Biological Activities of Natural Products AALtoxinand the Fumonisins; H.K. Abbas, et al. New Aspects of Amanitin and Phalloidin Poisoning; H. Faulstich, T. Wieland Actions of Banana Tree Extract on Smooth and Cardiac Muscles and in the Anesthetized Rat; Y.N. Singh, et al. The Early Expression of Myotoxicity and Localization of the Binding Sites of Notexin in the Soleus Muscle of the Rat; R.W. Dixon, J.B. Harris Fumonisin BI: Immunological Effects: The Influence of F BI to the Early Stage of Immune Response; E.A. MartinovaScientific and Medical Tools: K252a and Staursporine Fungal Alkaloid Toxins as Prototype of Neurotropic Drugs; P. Lazarovici, et al. Structure and Experimental Uses of Arthropod Venom Proteins; D. Jones Metamorphoses of a Conotoxin; E. Zlotkin, et al. Purification and Characterization of Nerve Growth Factors (NGFs) from the Snake Venoms; K. Hayashi, et al. Snake Venoms as Probesto Study the Kinetics of Formation and Architecture of Fibrin Network Structure; A. Azhar, et al. Fribolase: An Active Thrombolytic Enzyme in Arterial and Venomous Thrombosis Model Systems; F.S. MarklandDetection, Diagnostics, and Therapy: Mass Spectrometric Investigations on Proteinaceous Toxins and Antibodies T.Krishnamurthy, et al. Detection of Staphylococcal Toxins; M.S.Bergdoll Detection of Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxins; C.L.Hatheway, J.L. Ferreira Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins Using Optical Fiberbased Biosensor; B.R. Singh, M.A. Silvia Comparative Studies of Antisera against Different Toxins; N. Nascimento, et al. New Approaches in Antivenom Therapy; V. Choumet, et al. Distribution of Domoic Acid in Seaweeds Occurring in Kagoshima, Southern Japan; T.Noguchi 12 additional articles. Index.

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Overviews of Toxins: Marine Natural Products: Diversity in Molecular Structure and Bioactivity; P.A. Scheuer Plant Toxins: The Essence of Diversity and a Challenge to Research; G.D. Manners Overview of Snake Venom Chemistry; A.T. Tu Critical Aspects of Bacterial Protein Toxins; B.R. SinghOrigin, Structure, and Function: Structure and Function of Cobra Neurotoxin; C.C. Yang Structure and Function of Cobra Venom Factor: The Complementactivating Protein in Cobra Venom; C.V. Vogel,et al. A Case Study of Cardiotoxin III from the Taiwan Cobra (Naja naja atra): Solution Structure and Other Physical Properties; T.K.S.Kumar, et al. The Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Pyrogenic Toxin Family; G.A. Bohach, et al. Primary Structural Motifs of Conus Peptides; L.J. Cruj Hymenoptera Venom Proteins; D.R. HoffmanMechanismof Action: Mechanism of Action of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxins; N. Sugimoto, et al. Binding Proteins of Synaptic Membranes for Certain Neurotoxic Phospholipase A2; M.C. Tzeng, et al. Pyrularia Thionin: Physical Properties, Binding to Phospholipid Bilayers and Cellular Responses; L. Vernon The Chemistry and Biological Activities of Natural Products AALtoxinand the Fumonisins; H.K. Abbas, et al. New Aspects of Amanitin and Phalloidin Poisoning; H. Faulstich, T. Wieland Actions of Banana Tree Extract on Smooth and Cardiac Muscles and in the Anesthetized Rat; Y.N. Singh, et al. The Early Expression of Myotoxicity and Localization of the Binding Sites of Notexin in the Soleus Muscle of the Rat; R.W. Dixon, J.B. Harris Fumonisin BI: Immunological Effects: The Influence of F BI to the Early Stage of Immune Response; E.A. MartinovaScientific and Medical Tools: K252a and Staursporine Fungal Alkaloid Toxins as Prototype of Neurotropic Drugs; P. Lazarovici, et al. Structure and Experimental Uses of Arthropod Venom Proteins; D. Jones Metamorphoses of a Conotoxin; E. Zlotkin, et al. Purification and Characterization of Nerve Growth Factors (NGFs) from the Snake Venoms; K. Hayashi, et al. Snake Venoms as Probesto Study the Kinetics of Formation and Architecture of Fibrin Network Structure; A. Azhar, et al. Fribolase: An Active Thrombolytic Enzyme in Arterial and Venomous Thrombosis Model Systems; F.S. MarklandDetection, Diagnostics, and Therapy: Mass Spectrometric Investigations on Proteinaceous Toxins and Antibodies T.Krishnamurthy, et al. Detection of Staphylococcal Toxins; M.S.Bergdoll Detection of Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxins; C.L.Hatheway, J.L. Ferreira Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins Using Optical Fiberbased Biosensor; B.R. Singh, M.A. Silvia Comparative Studies of Antisera against Different Toxins; N. Nascimento, et al. New Approaches in Antivenom Therapy; V. Choumet, et al. Distribution of Domoic Acid in Seaweeds Occurring in Kagoshima, Southern Japan; T.Noguchi 12 additional articles. Index.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xi
Marine Natural Products....Pages 1-8
Plant Toxins....Pages 9-35
Overview of Snake Venom Chemistry....Pages 37-62
Critical Aspects of Bacterial Protein Toxins....Pages 63-84
Structure and Function of Cobra Neurotoxin....Pages 85-96
Structure and Function of Cobra Venom Factor, the Complement-Activating Protein in Cobra Venom....Pages 97-114
A CASE STUDY OF CARDIOTOXIN III FROM THE TAIWAN COBRA (Naja naja atra) Solution Structure and Other Physical Properties....Pages 115-129
The Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Pyrogenic Toxin Family....Pages 131-154
PRIMARY STRUCTURAL MOTIFS OFConus PEPTIDES....Pages 155-167
Hymenoptera Venom Proteins....Pages 169-186
Structure and Function Relationship of Crotoxin, a Heterodimeric Neurotoxic Phospholipase A2 from the Venom of a South-American Rattlesnake....Pages 187-196
Atroxase—A Fibrinolytic Enzyme Isolated from the Venuom of Western Diamond Back RattleSnake....Pages 197-202
Indian Catfish (Plotosus canius, Hamilton) Venom....Pages 203-211
Neurotoxin from Black Widow Spider Venom Structure and Function....Pages 213-223
Structural and Fuctional Studies of Latrodectin from the Venom of Black Widow Spider (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus)....Pages 225-229
Effects of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 and a Site-Directed Mutant, H135A, in Mice....Pages 231-236
The Relationship between Histidine Redidues and Various Biological Activities of Clostridium perfringens Alpha Toxin....Pages 237-243
Mechanism of Action of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin....Pages 245-250
Binding Proteins on Synaptic Membranes for Certain Phospholipases A2 With Presynaptic Toxicity....Pages 251-255
Pyrularia Thionin....Pages 257-269
The Chemistry and Biological Activities of the Natural Products AAl-Toxin and the Fumonisins....Pages 271-278
New Aspects of Amanitin and Phalloidin Poisoning....Pages 279-291
Actions of Banana Tree Extraction on Smooth and Cardiac Muscles and in the Anesthetized Rat....Pages 293-308
The Early Expression of Myotoxicity and Localization of the Binding Sites of Notexin in the Soleus Muscle of the Rat....Pages 309-314
Fumonisin B1-Immunological EffectsS....Pages 315-321
Biochemical Studies On The Effect of Plotosus Lineatus Crude Venom (In Vivo) And Its Effect On Eac-Cells (In Vitro)....Pages 323-329
Interaction of lipopolysaccharide with the Antimicrobial Peptide “Cecropin A”....Pages 331-342
Study on the Acrtion Mechanism of Hemorrhagin I from Agkistrodon acutus Venom....Pages 343-355
K252a and Staurosporine Microbial Alkaloid Toxins as Prototype of Neurotropic Drugs....Pages 357-360
Structure and Experimental Uses of Arthropod Venom Proteins....Pages 361-366
Metamorphoses of a Conotoxin....Pages 367-377
Purification and Characterization of Nerve Growth Factors (NGFs) from the Snake Venoms....Pages 379-386
Snake Venoms as Probes to Study the Kinetics of Formation and Architecture of Fibrin Network Structure....Pages 387-401
Fibrolase, an Active Thrombolytic Enzyme in Arterial and Venous Thrombosis Model Systems....Pages 403-416
Mass Spectrometric Investigations on Proteinaceous Toxins and Antibodies....Pages 417-425
Detection of the Staphylococcal Toxins....Pages 427-438
Detection And Identification of Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxins....Pages 439-463
Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins Using Optical Fiber-Based Biosensor....Pages 465-479
Comparative Studies of Antisera Against Different Toxins....Pages 481-498
New Approaches in Antivenom Therapy....Pages 499-508
Distribution of Domoic Acid In Seaweeds Occurring In Kagoshima, Southern Japan....Pages 509-514
Back Matter....Pages 515-520
....Pages 521-526