Ebook: Platelet-Activating Factor and Related Lipid Mediators 2: Roles in Health and Disease

In the last decade, research on platelet-activating factor (PAF) has expanded exponentially. Previous conferences on PAF in Paris, 1983, and the subsequent conferences in Gatlinburg, Ten­ nessee, Tokyo, Snowbird, Utah, and Berlin, at three-yearly intervals, have chronicled the devel­ opments in the field ofPAF. This volume records the proceedings of the Fifth International Con­ gress on PAF and Related Lipid Mediators, held at the Free University Medical Hospital Ben­ jamin Franklin in Berlin, from September 12-16, 1995. We are very much indebted to Free Uni­ versity Berlin for providing tremendous facilities and financial support. It was a great pleasure to have positive and generous input from the German Science Council (DFG), Bonn, Germany, and British·Biotech, Oxford, United Kingdom. Their support was crucial in making the congress a scientific success. Twenty other organizations provided additional financial support, for which we extend our deepest appreciation. The editors would like to thank all of those who participated in this congress and the authors for their contributions. The organization and planning of the Berlin Congress were carried out by an organizing committee. We gratefully acknowledge the support and assistance of the organizing commit­ tee members, especially Renate Nigam and Renate Roux for their untiring efforts to make the congress successful. Many colleagues also supported the congress with dedication, hard work, and expert input. We are grateful to them. We also wish to acknowledge the support of G. Sravan Kumar and Louis Kock for their efforts in producing this volume.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
The Continuing Biochemical Challenge of PAF and Closely Related Lipid Mediators....Pages 1-3
Biosynthesis of Platelet-Activating Factor and Enzyme Inhibitors....Pages 5-10
Inhibitors of Arachidonate Metabolism and Effects on PAF Production....Pages 11-15
Production of Platelet-Activating Factor by Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells....Pages 17-20
PAF-Synthesizing Enzymes in Neural Cells during Differentiation and in Gerbil Brain during Ischemia....Pages 21-27
Platelet-Activating Factor Production in the Stimulated Macrophages is Enhanced by the Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors....Pages 29-32
The Role of Peroxisomes in Ether Lipid Synthesis....Pages 33-40
Platelet-Activating Factor Synthesis and Its Role in Salivary Glands....Pages 41-44
Free Radical-Induced Oxidation of Glycerophosphocholine Lipids and Formation of Biologically Active Products....Pages 45-50
A Discovery Trip to Compounds with PAF-Like Activity....Pages 51-58
Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor....Pages 59-63
Transcriptional Regulation of Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Gene Expression in Leukocytes....Pages 65-72
PAF Receptor Anchors Streptococcus Pneumoniae to Activated Human Endothelial Cells....Pages 73-77
Up-Regulation of the Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling and mRNA Expression of Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor by Estradiol in Human Uterine Endometrial Cells....Pages 79-84
Functional Role of Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor in Secretory Response in Adrenal Chromaffin Cells....Pages 85-87
Functional and Structural Features of Plasma Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase....Pages 89-94
Acetylation of Sphingosine by PAF-Dependent Transacetylase....Pages 95-100
Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Activity in Human Follicular Fluid....Pages 101-105
The Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis....Pages 107-111
Implication of PAF and Acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) Activity in Periodontal Disease....Pages 113-119
Stimulation of NF-?B Activation and Gene Expression by Platelet-Activating Factor....Pages 121-127
Tyrosine Kinase Activation by PAF Leads to Downstream Gene Expression....Pages 129-133
Heterocyclic Alkylphospholipids with an Improved Therapeutic Range....Pages 135-141
Systemic Administration of Alkylphosphocholines....Pages 143-151
Arachidonate—Phospholipid Remodeling and Cell Proliferation....Pages 153-155
Protein Kinase C Inhibition by ET-18-OCH3 and Related Analogs....Pages 157-164
Influence of Hexadecylphosphocholine (Miltefosine) on Cytokine Synthesis and Biological Responses....Pages 165-168
Effect of SM-12502 on Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) in Tumor-Bearing Rats....Pages 169-172
Platelet-Activating Factor is an Effector of Rapid Reactions and an Inductor of Late Responses in Immune-Mediated Injury....Pages 173-180
Ether Lipid Metabolism, GPI Anchor Biosynthesis, and Signal Transduction are Putative Targets for Anti-Leishmanial Alkyl Phospholipid Analogues....Pages 181-187
PAF Response to Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Stimuli....Pages 189-193
Role of Platelet-Activating Factor in Skeletal Muscle Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury....Pages 195-199
Platelet-Activating Factor....Pages 201-211
Platelet-Activating Factor and Angiogenesis....Pages 213-216
Role of Synergistic Action of PAF and Kinin in Bacterial Endotoxin-Induced Hypotension in Rats....Pages 217-221
The Role of Platelet-Activating Factor in the Biocompatibility of Hemodialysis Membranes....Pages 223-230
Drug-Induced Alteration of Endothelial Permeability in the Rat Aorta....Pages 231-234
PAF Promotes the Development of the Preimplantation Embryo....Pages 235-238
PAF Released by Preimplantation Embryos Binds to Albumin....Pages 239-241
Role of Platelet-Activating Factor in Parturition....Pages 243-248
The Role of Platelet-Activating Factor and Its Receptor in Endometrial Receptivity....Pages 249-253
Non-Specific PAF Binding to Embryonal F9 Cells and Prostacyclin Synthesis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells....Pages 255-261
Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF): Signalling and Adhesion in Cell-Cell Interactions....Pages 263-267
Identification and Molecular Characterization of the CalB Domain of the Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in Human Neutrophils....Pages 269-275
Characterization of Plasmalogen-Selective Phospholipase A2 from Bovine Brain....Pages 277-290
Structure and Function of Phospholipase A2 Receptor....Pages 291-295
PAF-Induced MAPK Activation is Inhibited by Wortmannin in Neutrophils and Macrophages....Pages 297-304
Activation of 85 kDa PLA2 by Eicosanoids in Human Neutrophils and Eosinophils....Pages 305-308
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis as a Target for Phospholipid Analogues....Pages 309-313
Endothelin-1 as One of the Mediators of the Interaction between Endothelium and Platelets in Humans....Pages 315-319
Evidence for Activation of Cyclooxygenase-1/-2 by Endogenous Nitric Oxide in Adjuvant Arthritic Lewis Rats....Pages 321-326
Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Pathway is Stimulated by Fungal Lipid Containing Cocoa Butter Equivalents (CBE) in FMet-Leu-Phe (FMLP)- and Phorbolester (PMA)-Challenged Human Neutrophils....Pages 327-331
Platelet-Type Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase....Pages 333-336
Lexipafant(BB-882), A Potent PAF Antagonist in Acute Pancreatitis....Pages 337-342
The Use of Lexipafant in the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis....Pages 343-348
Effect of a Potent Platelet-Activating Factor Antagonist, WEB-2086, on Asthma....Pages 349-353
A Phase II Trial of Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation (ABMT) in Acute Leukemia with Edelfosine Purged Bone Marrow....Pages 355-359
Back Matter....Pages 361-363
....Pages 365-370