Ebook: Ocular Toxicology

On behalf of the editorial board and the organizing committee of the 4th congress of the International Society of Ocular Toxicology (I SOT), held in AnnecyNeyrier du Lac, France, October 9 -13, 1994, we are pleased to present to the ocular toxicology community this indexed volume of our congress proceedings. The 4th congress was designed primarily to facilitate and update the knowledge in ocular electrophysiology and ocular pharmacokinetics, in both the clinical and preclinical aspects. The outcome of this 4th congress, established in this volume, is a useful contribution to the meth­ odology in both fields and will hopefully assist in the evaluation and interpretation of ocular findings recorded in animal studies on drugs and other chemicals, in order to protect human health. Undoubtedly, work on the mechanisms of ocular toxicology in the process of pharmaceutical development must continue and these proceedings, embodying the presented papers, will add to the data base. The editors, the congress organizing committee and the members of the International Society of Ocular Toxicology thank the speakers who gave their time, knowledge, and expertise to assist us in this project. The following manuscripts contain the main substance of each of the platform presentations and, in some cases, much more. Moreover, our thanks go to all the participants coming from a range of background- regulatory, academic and industrial -for their attention and excellent contributions during the discussion.

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Ocular Electrophysiology: Retinal Toxicology Study Using Electrophysiological Methods in Rabbits; Y. Shirao, K. Kawasaki. Experimental Study of the Retinal Toxicity of Iron after Vitreous Hemorrhage; W.J. Nie, X.F. Zhang.Ocular Pharmacokinetics: Effects of Different Vehicles on Ocular Kinetics/Distribution; M.F. Saettone. Drug Distribution Studies in Single Lens Layers through the Application of a Sectioning Technique; M. Kojima.Lens/Cataract: Relevance of Cataract Models in Rodents as a Tool to Evidence a Co or Syncataractogenic Potential of Drugs in Preclinical Studies; A. Wegener, O. Hockwin. Investigations into the Cataractogenic Potency of a Nontricyclic Antidepressant; A. Wegener, et al.In vitro Methods:: Characterization of Sialomucins Expressed by Human Conjuctival Goblet Cells; W. Naib-Majani, et al.Regulatory Affairs: Critical Evaluation of the Evidence for an Association between Ocular Disease and Exposure to Organophosphorus Compounds; M.D. Stonard, et al.Miscellaneous: Influence of Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication on Healing of Corneal Epithelial Defects: Effectivity of Treatment by Protease Inhibitor Contrycal (Aprotinin) and Autologous Fibronectin; I.A. Makarov, et al. 34 additional articles. Index.

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Ocular Electrophysiology: Retinal Toxicology Study Using Electrophysiological Methods in Rabbits; Y. Shirao, K. Kawasaki. Experimental Study of the Retinal Toxicity of Iron after Vitreous Hemorrhage; W.J. Nie, X.F. Zhang.Ocular Pharmacokinetics: Effects of Different Vehicles on Ocular Kinetics/Distribution; M.F. Saettone. Drug Distribution Studies in Single Lens Layers through the Application of a Sectioning Technique; M. Kojima.Lens/Cataract: Relevance of Cataract Models in Rodents as a Tool to Evidence a Co or Syncataractogenic Potential of Drugs in Preclinical Studies; A. Wegener, O. Hockwin. Investigations into the Cataractogenic Potency of a Nontricyclic Antidepressant; A. Wegener, et al.In vitro Methods:: Characterization of Sialomucins Expressed by Human Conjuctival Goblet Cells; W. Naib-Majani, et al.Regulatory Affairs: Critical Evaluation of the Evidence for an Association between Ocular Disease and Exposure to Organophosphorus Compounds; M.D. Stonard, et al.Miscellaneous: Influence of Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication on Healing of Corneal Epithelial Defects: Effectivity of Treatment by Protease Inhibitor Contrycal (Aprotinin) and Autologous Fibronectin; I.A. Makarov, et al. 34 additional articles. Index.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-x
Welcome and Opening of the Congress....Pages 1-6
The ERG, EOG, and VEP in Rats....Pages 7-25
Retinal Toxicology Study Using Electrophysiological Methods in Rabbits....Pages 27-37
ERG Measurements in the Dog, Cat and Monkey for Toxicology Specially Type of Electrode and Anesthesia for ERG Recordings....Pages 39-51
Electroretinography in the Non-Human Primate as a Standardized Method in Toxicology....Pages 53-61
Effects of Clindamycin on Neural Function in the Isolated Perfused Vertebrate Retina....Pages 63-67
Determination of the Effect of Ketamine, Thiopental and Halothane on the Ocular Electroretinographic Examination of the Beagle Dog to Define Protocols to be Used in Dogs, Monkeys and Micropigs....Pages 69-77
Experimental Study of the Retinal Toxicity of Iron after Vitreous Hemorrhage....Pages 79-83
Retinal Tolerance of Intravitreal Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin, Colchicine or Interferon ? Determined by Eye-Cup ERG in Albino Rabbits....Pages 85-91
Normal ERG on Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta ): Preliminary Results of a Technic Using Subcutaneous Electrodes....Pages 93-97
Effects of Quinine on the Electroretinogram of the Beagle Dog....Pages 99-108
Effect of Different Vehicles on Ocular Kinetics/Distribution....Pages 109-120
Drug Distribution Studies in Single Lens Layers Through the Application of A Sectioning Technique....Pages 121-134
Ocular Pharmacokinetics of Some Proteolytic Drugs in the Course of Topical Application: Long Term Observation....Pages 135-144
New Method of Reverse Intraaterial Drug Infusion into Final Periorbital Channels of Ophthalmic Artery in Urgent Treatment of Toxic Opticneuropathy....Pages 145-152
Evaluation of the Effect of the Vehicle on Ocular Distribution and Bioavailability of Betaxolol....Pages 153-159
Continuous Flow Contact Lenses Delivery of Diclofenac to Rabbit Cornea and Aqueous Humor....Pages 161-165
One-Year Ocular Toxicity Study of Ofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution in Beagle Dogs....Pages 167-179
Topical Fluconazale: High Penetration without Corneal Toxicity....Pages 181-190
Relevance of Cataract Models in Rodents as a Tool to Evidence a Co- or Syncataractogenic Potential of Drugs in Preclinical Studies....Pages 191-195
Influence of PhakanR on the Toxicity of Naphthalene in Rat Lenses, Analyzed by Isoelectric Focusing of Single Lens Layers....Pages 197-203
Investigations into the Cataractogenic Potency of a Non-Tricyclic Antidepressant....Pages 205-210
Comparative Investigations on the Cataractogenic Effect of a Triazin-Derivative in Albino and Pigmented Rats: I. Effects Detected with a Slit Lamp....Pages 211-218
Regionality of Glycated Calf Lens Crystallin Subunits Demonstrated by Lectin Staining....Pages 219-225
Spatial Distribution of Adenosin Nucleotides in Lenses of Species with Different Accommodative Capacities....Pages 227-234
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Induces a Lenticular Myopic Shift Even with Shorter Treatment Protocol: A Preliminary Report....Pages 235-240
Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts and Raised Intraocular Pressure are Caused by Prolonged Oral Corticosteroid Therapy in Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease....Pages 241-248
[3H]-Arachidonic Acid Release as an Alternative to the Eye Irritation Test....Pages 249-254
Cytotoxic Effects of Antifungal Drugs on Cultured Human Conjunctival Cells....Pages 255-261
Characterization of Sialomucins Expressed by Human Conjunctival Goblet Cells....Pages 263-267
Critical Evaluation of the Evidence for an Association between Ocular Disease and Exposure to Organophosphorus Compounds....Pages 269-276
A Practical Testing Strategy for the Evaluation of the Oculotoxic Potential of Chemicals....Pages 277-280
Aesthesiometry-Azelastine Eye Drops Reduce Corneal Sensitivity in Rabbits, But Not in Dogs and Humans....Pages 281-285
Influence of Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication on Healing of Corneal Epithelial Defects. Effectivity of Treatment by Protease Inhibitor Contrycal (Aprotinin) and Autologous Fibronectin....Pages 287-295
The Use of Cyclosporine a in Veterinary Ophthalmology....Pages 297-301
Characterization of Human Tear Glycoproteins by Phast SDS Electrophoresis, Western Blotting and Lectin Binding....Pages 303-315
The Corneal Effects of 2-(2-Nitro-4-Trifluoromethyl-Benzoyl)-Cyclohexane 1,3-Dione (NTBC) in the Rat....Pages 317-326
Exacerbation of Spontaneous Rat Corneal Opacities in a Polymorphonuclear Elastase Inhibitor Toxicity Study....Pages 327-334
The Comet Assay: A Reliable and Sensitive Method for the Documentation of UV-B Induced DNA Damage....Pages 335-342
Spontaneous Ocular Findings and Esthesiometry / Tonometry Measurement in the Gottingen Minipig (Conventional and Microbiologically Defined)....Pages 343-349
Lead-Intoxication of Dopaminergic Cells in the Retina....Pages 351-362
Back Matter....Pages 363-367
....Pages 369-374