Ebook: Iron Nutrition in Soils and Plants: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants, June 27–July 2, 1993, Zaragoza, Spain

Iron is a major constituent of the earth crust. However, under alkaline conditions commonly found in arid and semi-arid environments iron becomes unavailable to plants. When plants are affected by a shortage of iron their leaves become yellow (chlorotic), and both plant growth and crop yield are reduced. The roots of plants affected by iron deficiency may develop a series of responses directed to improve iron uptake, such as increased proton excretion and iron reduction capabilities or excretion of iron chela tors called siderophores. Iron deficiency affects major crops worldwide, including some of major economic importance such as fruit trees and others. Correction of iron deficiency is usually implemented through costly application of synthetic chelates. Since these correction methods are very expensive, the competitivity of farmers is often reduced and iron deficiency may become a limiting factor for the maintenance, introduction or expansion of some crops. In spite of the many years devoted to the study of iron deficiency, the knowledge of iron deficiency in soils and plants is still fragmentary in many aspects. We have only incomplete information on the processes at the molecular level that make some plant species and cultivars unable to take and utilize iron from the soil, whereas other plants grow satisfactorily under the same conditions.

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The current status of the work being carried out throughout the world in the field of iron deficiency in plants is reviewed by research papers and invited lectures on specific topics related to iron deficiency. The book includes chapters reviewing the molecular and biochemical mechanisms elicited by iron deficiency in plants, algae and bacteria. Papers and reviews providing new information on the Strategy I-type and the Strategy II-type responses in higher plants are also included. Other chapters include new research directed towards finding possible means of controlling iron deficiency in crops of economic interest, including early diagnosis, fertilization, fertirrigation and plant breeding. A number of papers involve the study of lime-induced iron chlorosis under semi-arid crop conditions in Mediterranean environments.
The book will be valuable for individuals and companies working with iron deficiency at the laboratory and field levels.

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The current status of the work being carried out throughout the world in the field of iron deficiency in plants is reviewed by research papers and invited lectures on specific topics related to iron deficiency. The book includes chapters reviewing the molecular and biochemical mechanisms elicited by iron deficiency in plants, algae and bacteria. Papers and reviews providing new information on the Strategy I-type and the Strategy II-type responses in higher plants are also included. Other chapters include new research directed towards finding possible means of controlling iron deficiency in crops of economic interest, including early diagnosis, fertilization, fertirrigation and plant breeding. A number of papers involve the study of lime-induced iron chlorosis under semi-arid crop conditions in Mediterranean environments.
The book will be valuable for individuals and companies working with iron deficiency at the laboratory and field levels.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XII
Leaf spray with Ti(IV) ascorbate improves the iron uptake and iron activity in Capsicum annuum L. plants....Pages 1-5
Chemical reactions in soils that affect iron availability to plants. A quantative approach....Pages 7-14
Selection of the soil Fe test most reliable in central Europe....Pages 15-18
Function of iron in plants with special emphasis on chloroplasts and photosynthetic activity....Pages 19-28
Purification and characterization of nicotianamine synthase from Fe-deficient barley roots....Pages 29-35
Inductions of two enzyme activities involved in the biosynthesis of mugineic acid in Fe-deficient barley roots....Pages 37-41
Phloem translocation of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn in Ricinus seedlings in relation to the concentrations of nicotianamine, an endogenous chelator of divalent metal ions, in different seedling parts....Pages 43-50
Iron-dependent changes of heavy metals, nicotianamine, and citrate in different plant organs and in the xylem exudate of two tomato genotypes. Nicotianamine as possible copper translocator....Pages 51-58
Modification of the growth and the competitiveness of a Bradyrhizobium strain obtained through affecting its siderophore-producing ability....Pages 59-66
Transfer cell formation in sugar beet roots induced by latent Fe deficiency....Pages 67-75
Effects of various inhibitors on in vivo reduction by Plantago lanceolata L. roots....Pages 77-82
Effect of some biological methods to improve Fe-efficiency in grafted grapevine....Pages 83-89
Environmental aspects of sewage sludge and evaluation of super absorbent hydrogel under Egyptian conditions....Pages 91-97
Effect of root exudates on mobilization in the rhizosphere and uptake of iron by wheat plants....Pages 99-104
Iron availability, electrochemical changes and nutrient content of rice as influenced by green manuring in a submerged soil....Pages 105-109
On-farm performance of groundnut genotypes under different land configurations and foliar iron sprays for the correction of iron chlorosis on calcareous soils in India....Pages 111-118
Strategies for the genetic improvement of Fe efficiency in plants....Pages 119-125
Alkalinity-bicarbonate-calcium effects on iron chlorosis in white lupine in soilless culture....Pages 127-133
Influence of N, P and K treatments of several physiological and biochemical iron indicators in melon plants irrigated with brackish water....Pages 135-140
Iron nutrition in wild plants growing in two different soils....Pages 141-145
Response to iron chlorosis of different hydroponically grown Citrus varieties....Pages 147-151
Iron fertirrigation....Pages 153-158
Soil factors and Fe content in wild herbaceous plants....Pages 159-166
A genetical approach to iron chlorosis in deciduous fruit trees....Pages 167-174
A comparison of extraction methods for evaluating Fe and P in flooded rice soils....Pages 175-181
Effects of iron deficiency on photosynthetic structures in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) leaves....Pages 183-189
Acid-spray regreening of kiwifruit leaves affected by lime-induced iron chlorosis....Pages 191-195
Differences in tolerance to iron deficiency among olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars....Pages 197-200
Evaluation of experimental peach rootstocks grown in nutrient solutions for tolerance to iron stress....Pages 201-205
Agronomic and horticultural aspects of iron and the law of the maximum....Pages 207-216
Metal uptake by iron-efficient and inefficient oats....Pages 217-223
Effect of metal chelators of the pyridine series on chlorophyll pheophytinization....Pages 225-227
Effects of root temperature on iron stress responses....Pages 229-234
The ability of several iron (II) — Humic complexes to provide available iron to plants under adverse soil conditions....Pages 235-239
Synthetic iron oxides as sources of Fe in a hydrophonic culture of sunflower....Pages 241-246
Iron and Fusarium wilts in banana crops on Andic soils....Pages 247-254
Plant growth and nutrient uptake characteristics of Fe-deficiency chlorosis susceptible and resistant subclovers....Pages 255-258
Molecular and cellular biology of plant ferritins....Pages 259-264
Iron-manganese interactions in peanut plants as influenced by the source of applied iron....Pages 265-276
Physiology and biochemistry of leaves under iron deficiency....Pages 277-281
Short communication: Biosynthesis of avenic acid A in oat cv. Onward: Studies with 14C or 15N labeled compounds....Pages 283-294
Rootstock effect on yield and mineral nutrition of “Maycrest” peach trees under conditions of lime-induced chlorosis....Pages 295-299
Role of soil carbonate and iron oxide in iron nutrition of soybean in calcareous soils of Egypt and the United States....Pages 301-306
Effects of iron-deficiency in photosynthetic electron transport and nitrogen fixation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena: Flavodoxin induction as adaptative response....Pages 307-314
Physiological characterization of two peach seedling rootstocks in bicarbonate nutrient solution. I. Root iron reduction and iron uptake....Pages 315-321
Stimulated growth and correction of Fe-deficiency with trunk- and foliar-applied methanol-soluble nutrient amendments....Pages 323-328
Molecular strategies of iron acquisition by bacteria: The Fur protein and the aerobactin case history....Pages 329-333
Iron reductase systems on the plant plasma membrane-A review....Pages 335-341
Partial amino acid sequences of a peptide induced by Fe deficiency in barley roots....Pages 343-362
Floral analysis: A novel approach for the prognosis of iron deficiency in pear (Pyrus communis. L.) and peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch)....Pages 363-369
Strategies of plants for acquisition of iron....Pages 371-374
Iron availability in plant tissues — iron chlorosis on calcareous soils....Pages 375-388
Back Matter....Pages 389-397
....Pages 399-401