Ebook: Nitrogen Fixation: Fundamentals and Applications: Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation, St. Petersburg, Russia, May 28–June 3, 1995

Nitrogen fixation research is presented as a rapidly developing, synergistic area of modern science, using the methods of, and accumulating data from, many fundamental branches of biology and chemistry. These include catalytic mechanisms, protein structure and function, molecular organization of genes and the regulation of their activities, biochemistry of plants and microorganisms, the signalling and surface interactions between organisms, microbial taxonomy and evolution, formal and population genetics, and ecology. The relationships between biological nitrogen fixation research and different branches of applied biology are addressed and analyzed, such as: the monitoring of genetically engineered microorganisms, selection of plant-associated microbes, plant breeding, increasing the protein content of crops, providing ecologically safe food production, and diminishing the chemical pollution of the environment. Immediate impacts and long-term prospects for nitrogen fixation research are presented: both fundamentals and applications.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xix
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Chemical Nitrogen Fixation in Solution....Pages 3-8
The Molecular Development Of Nitrogen Fixing Root Nodules....Pages 9-14
Contribution of Russian Scientists Towards Solution of Biological Nitrogen Fixation Problem....Pages 15-17
The Structures of the Nitrogenase Proteins — An Overview....Pages 19-27
Molecular Genetics of Nitrogen Fixation in Photosynthetic Prokaryotes....Pages 29-36
Signals Involved in Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation....Pages 37-48
Nodulation in Legumes and Actinorhizal Plants....Pages 49-59
Early Events in the Azorhizobium Caulinodans—Sesbania Rostrata Symbiosis....Pages 61-66
Integration of Plant and Bacterial Metabolism in Nitrogen Fixing Systems....Pages 67-76
Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture: Application and Perspectives....Pages 77-86
Front Matter....Pages 87-87
Nitrogenase — After The Structure....Pages 89-90
Probing Catalytic Function through Amino-Acid Substitutions in Azotobacter Vinelandii Molybdenum-Dependent Nitrogenase....Pages 91-96
Photostimulation of Nitrogenase Reaction in Vitro for Investigation of Nitrogenase Mechanism Action....Pages 97-102
ATP Hydrolysis and Energy Transduction by Nitrogenase....Pages 103-108
CO Inhibition of Nitrogen Fixation....Pages 109-113
Nitrogenase and Its Chemical Models....Pages 115-115
Mechanistic Studies on Iron-Sulfur-Based Clusters....Pages 117-122
Chemistry of N2H2 and Other Nitrogen Hydrides Related to N2 Fixation in the Coordination Sphere of Metal Sulfur Complexes....Pages 123-128
The Chemical Mechanism of Biological Nitrogen Fixation and The Chemistry of Model Systems....Pages 129-135
Catalytic Reduction of Hydrazine and Acetylene to Ammonia and Ethylene and Stoicfflometric Reduction of Cn to Ammonia and Methane By Fe/M/S Clusters (M =MO, V) with Structural Features Similar to Those of the Fe/Mo/S Site in Nitrogenase....Pages 137-142
Front Matter....Pages 87-87
Incorporation of the Iron and Sulfur from NifB-co into the Iron-Molibdenum Cofactor of Dinitrogenase....Pages 143-164
Front Matter....Pages 165-165
Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation: Progress and Prospects 1995....Pages 167-170
Posttranslational Regulation of Nitrogenase Activity by Reversible ADP-Ribosylation; How are the Regulatory Enzymes Drat and Drag Regulated?....Pages 171-176
Use of the Luciferase (TN5-LUX) Reporter System to Study Rhizobium Meliloti Genes Responding to N/C/O2 Limitation or Plant Factors and Their Role in Rhizosphere Competition....Pages 177-182
Nitrogenases and Hydrogenases in Cyanobacteria....Pages 183-187
Front Matter....Pages 189-194
Signalling Processes in Plant-Microbe Interactions: Introductory Remarks....Pages 195-200
The Genetics of Rhizobium Host Range Control: Allelic and Non-Allelic Variation....Pages 201-206
Nod Metabolites and Other Compounds Excreted by Rhizobium Sp.....Pages 207-212
Metabolism of Flavonoids by Rhizobia....Pages 213-261
Plant Signals to Soil Microbes: Regulators of Rhizosphere Colonization....Pages 263-263
Nodule Development in Legumes—The Early Stages: Involvement of Early Nodulins, Lectins, and Other Proteins....Pages 265-267
The Influence of Nod Metabolites on Root Hair Curling and Deformation....Pages 269-274
Front Matter....Pages 275-280
What is still to be Learned About the Rhizobium Genome and Rhizobium Genes Involved in Symbiosis ?....Pages 281-286
Front Matter....Pages 287-292
Developmental Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation Gene Expression in Rhizobium Meliloti-Alfalfa Symbiosis....Pages 293-297
Nodulation Genes of Rhizobium Galegae....Pages 299-304
Genetic Loci Involved in the Synthesis and Export of Rhizobial Lipopolysaccharides....Pages 305-310
The Role of a Microaerobically Induced cb-Type Cytochrome Oxidase in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation....Pages 311-347
The Symbiotic Plasmid and Nodulatioin Genes in Rhizobium Huakuii Chen....Pages 349-349
Genomic Footprinting Analyses of the Complex Bradyrhizobium japonicum fixRnifA Promoter Region....Pages 351-352
Front Matter....Pages 349-349
PR Proteins are Differentially Expressed During Symbiosis....Pages 353-357
Moving Closer to the Positional Cloning of Legume Nodulation Genes....Pages 359-364
Map Based Cloning System in Madicago Suitable for Isolating Genes Involved in Leaf Morphogenesis, Nodule Formation and Effectiveness of Nitrogen Fixation....Pages 365-370
Role of Plant Hormones and Carbon/Nitrogen Metabolism in Controlling Nodule Initiation on Alfalfa Roots....Pages 371-376
Symbiosomes Under Control of Plant and Microsymbiont Genes....Pages 377-381
Differentiation of the Symbiosome Compartment in Pea Nodule Cells....Pages 383-388
Plant Genetical Control at the Crucial Steps of Symbiosis....Pages 389-392
Biogenesis of the Peribacteroid Membrane in Root Nodules: Roles of Dynamev and Phosphatidyl-Inositol 3-Kinase....Pages 393-426
Expression of Legume Lectin Genes....Pages 427-427
Genetic Experiments with Pea Mutants Pending Symbiosis Studies....Pages 429-430
Positional Cloning of Nodulation Genes in Soybean: Coupling Dna Amplification and Bulked Segregant Analysis....Pages 431-436
Front Matter....Pages 437-442
Integration of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism During Plant-Microbe Symbioses: Introductory Remarks....Pages 443-448
Front Matter....Pages 449-453
Carbon Metabolism in the Rhizobium- Legume Symbiosis....Pages 455-460
Sucrose Metabolism to Support N2 Fixation in Legume Root Nodules....Pages 461-466
Regulation and Functional Analysis of Glutamine Syntbetase Genes in Legumes....Pages 467-470
Role of the Peribacteroid Membrane in the Interactions of the Symbiotic Partners in the Nitrogen-Fixing Root Nodules of Lupinus Luteus L.....Pages 471-473
Nitrogen and Carbon Exchange Across Symbiotic Membranes from Soybean Nodules.....Pages 475-478
Malate, Aspartate and Proton Exchange Between Rhizobium Leguminosarvm Symbiosomes and Its Symbiotic Partner Pisum Sativum.....Pages 479-517
Front Matter....Pages 519-519
Ecology and Agricultural Applications of Nitrogen-Fixing Systems: Overview....Pages 521-524
Ecology and Agricultural Applications of Nitrogen- Fixing Systems: Crops and Sciences Involved....Pages 519-519
Recent Developments in Biotechnology and the Potential Impact on Nitrogen Fixation in the Field....Pages 525-532
Can Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation be Extended to Rice?....Pages 533-538
Advances in Agronomy and Ecology of the Azospirillum/ Plant Association....Pages 539-544
The Broad Host Range of Two Bean Nodulating Rhizobia, Rhizobium Tropici CIAT899 and Rhizobium SP. BR816: Field Studies and Genetic Analysis....Pages 545-550
Inoculant Formulations and Applications to Meet Changing Needs....Pages 551-556
Development of Rhizobium and Azospirillum Inoculants with Enhanced Potential for Field Application....Pages 557-564
N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria as BTI Toxin Genes Delivery System—A Biotechnogical Approach to Control Malaria Mosquitoes....Pages 565-572
Round Table Discussion: Application of Nitrogen-Fixing Micro-Organisms in the Environment....Pages 573-615
Relationship Between Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Herbicide Degradation....Pages 617-617
Front Matter....Pages 619-620
Nitrogenase Catalysis....Pages 621-622
Role of Polysaccharides and Other Glycoconjugates in Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterial-Plant Associations....Pages 623-628
Nitrogen Fixation in Phototrophic Bacteria....Pages 629-633
Oxygen as the Major Regulating Factor in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation.....Pages 635-640
Nitrogen Fixation and Sustainable Agriculture....Pages 641-646
Report from the Roundtable on Rhizobium Taxonomy....Pages 647-652
Back Matter....Pages 653-657
....Pages 659-664