Ebook: Gastrointestinal Regulatory Peptides

Since the discovery of the pancreatic secretagogue secretin by W. M. BAYLISS and E. H. STARLING at the inception of the twentieth century, intense interest has focused on numerous, continually expanding classes of small peptides which appear to serve as regulatory molecules in the gastrointestinal tract, brain, and other organ systems. Initially, many of these substances were, like secretin, discovered in functional assays as "factors" or "activities" extractable in minute quantities from tissues or tissue fluids. By the middle of the century, advances in biochemical and immunological methods for the purification, characterization, and quantification of biologically active peptides in organ systems, tissues, and body fluids provided further impetus to this field. It was readily appreciated that small, biologically active peptides were particularly abundant in the digestive tract. Many peptides such as vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, and more recently peptide YY and galanin were in fact originally discovered in and isolated from gut tissue. Moreover, these peptides were found to have profound actions on the gastroenteropancreatic system in vivo and in vitro. During the past 2 decades, information on regulatory peptides has burgeoned as a result of technological refinements in the synthesis of peptides, improved methods for detecting and visualizing peptides and their precursors in cells and tissues from a variety of species, advances in the functional assessment of peptide activity, and the application of molecular biological techniques to the char­ acterization of peptide gene structure and expression.

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This volume focuses on the biology of peptides acting as regulatory molecules within the digestive system. It provides a broad yet comprehensive approach to this rapidly advancing field, emphasizing general concepts that have emerged from research on gut peptide expression and function at the cellular and molecular levels. Authored by an array of internationally distinguished scientists, it deals with issues of peptide localization and biosynthesis in gastrointestinal cells, mechanisms of peptide release and inactivation and the nature of peptide receptors. It further discusses the interaction of peptides with gastrointestinal cells and their ability to modulate such diverse functions as gastric acid secretion, hormone release, smooth muscle contractility, and intestinal neural activity, growth, immunity, electrolyte transport, and blood flow. Its concluding chapters address the role of gut peptides in the etiology and diagnosis of disease states and their use as drugs. The book is the most comprehensive and conceptual one-volume treatment of this field currently available and is the first to emphasize in depth the cellular and molecular aspects of gut peptide biology. The breadth and readability of the volume will make it an invaluable reference source for scientists in all disciplines who are interested in any aspect of the biology of brain-gut peptides, including clinicians concerned with the expression and control of gastrointestinal peptides in health and disease.

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This volume focuses on the biology of peptides acting as regulatory molecules within the digestive system. It provides a broad yet comprehensive approach to this rapidly advancing field, emphasizing general concepts that have emerged from research on gut peptide expression and function at the cellular and molecular levels. Authored by an array of internationally distinguished scientists, it deals with issues of peptide localization and biosynthesis in gastrointestinal cells, mechanisms of peptide release and inactivation and the nature of peptide receptors. It further discusses the interaction of peptides with gastrointestinal cells and their ability to modulate such diverse functions as gastric acid secretion, hormone release, smooth muscle contractility, and intestinal neural activity, growth, immunity, electrolyte transport, and blood flow. Its concluding chapters address the role of gut peptides in the etiology and diagnosis of disease states and their use as drugs. The book is the most comprehensive and conceptual one-volume treatment of this field currently available and is the first to emphasize in depth the cellular and molecular aspects of gut peptide biology. The breadth and readability of the volume will make it an invaluable reference source for scientists in all disciplines who are interested in any aspect of the biology of brain-gut peptides, including clinicians concerned with the expression and control of gastrointestinal peptides in health and disease.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XX
Localization and Colocalization of Gastrointestinal Peptides....Pages 1-28
Regulation of Gastrointestinal Peptide Hormone Gene Expression....Pages 29-67
Post-Translational Processing of Regulatory Peptides....Pages 69-104
Regulation of Peptide Secretion from Gastroenteric Endocrine Cells....Pages 105-131
Peptide Receptors and Signal Transduction in the Digestive Tract....Pages 133-176
Proteolytic Inactivation of Neurohormonal Peptides in the Gastrointestinal Tract....Pages 177-198
Peptidergic Regulation of Gastric Acid Secretion....Pages 199-252
Peptides and Enteric Neural Activity....Pages 253-276
Peptidergic Regulation of Smooth Muscle Contractility....Pages 277-295
Peptidergic Regulation of Intestinal Electrolyte Transport....Pages 297-324
Peptidergic Regulation of Gastrointestinal Blood Flow....Pages 325-342
Peptidergic Regulation of Cell Proliferation Through Multiple Signaling Pathways....Pages 343-362
Peptidergic Regulation of Mucosal Immune Function....Pages 363-385
Pathophysiological Aspects of Gut Peptide Hormones....Pages 387-416
Gastrointestinal Peptides as Therapeutic Agents and Targets: Past, Present and Future....Pages 417-438
Back Matter....Pages 439-447

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This volume focuses on the biology of peptides acting as regulatory molecules within the digestive system. It provides a broad yet comprehensive approach to this rapidly advancing field, emphasizing general concepts that have emerged from research on gut peptide expression and function at the cellular and molecular levels. Authored by an array of internationally distinguished scientists, it deals with issues of peptide localization and biosynthesis in gastrointestinal cells, mechanisms of peptide release and inactivation and the nature of peptide receptors. It further discusses the interaction of peptides with gastrointestinal cells and their ability to modulate such diverse functions as gastric acid secretion, hormone release, smooth muscle contractility, and intestinal neural activity, growth, immunity, electrolyte transport, and blood flow. Its concluding chapters address the role of gut peptides in the etiology and diagnosis of disease states and their use as drugs. The book is the most comprehensive and conceptual one-volume treatment of this field currently available and is the first to emphasize in depth the cellular and molecular aspects of gut peptide biology. The breadth and readability of the volume will make it an invaluable reference source for scientists in all disciplines who are interested in any aspect of the biology of brain-gut peptides, including clinicians concerned with the expression and control of gastrointestinal peptides in health and disease.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XX
Localization and Colocalization of Gastrointestinal Peptides....Pages 1-28
Regulation of Gastrointestinal Peptide Hormone Gene Expression....Pages 29-67
Post-Translational Processing of Regulatory Peptides....Pages 69-104
Regulation of Peptide Secretion from Gastroenteric Endocrine Cells....Pages 105-131
Peptide Receptors and Signal Transduction in the Digestive Tract....Pages 133-176
Proteolytic Inactivation of Neurohormonal Peptides in the Gastrointestinal Tract....Pages 177-198
Peptidergic Regulation of Gastric Acid Secretion....Pages 199-252
Peptides and Enteric Neural Activity....Pages 253-276
Peptidergic Regulation of Smooth Muscle Contractility....Pages 277-295
Peptidergic Regulation of Intestinal Electrolyte Transport....Pages 297-324
Peptidergic Regulation of Gastrointestinal Blood Flow....Pages 325-342
Peptidergic Regulation of Cell Proliferation Through Multiple Signaling Pathways....Pages 343-362
Peptidergic Regulation of Mucosal Immune Function....Pages 363-385
Pathophysiological Aspects of Gut Peptide Hormones....Pages 387-416
Gastrointestinal Peptides as Therapeutic Agents and Targets: Past, Present and Future....Pages 417-438
Back Matter....Pages 439-447
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