Ebook: Interactions of C, N, P and S Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change

This book is a natural extension of the SCOPE (Scientific Committee of Problems on the Environment) volumes on the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) biogeochemical cycles and their interactions (Likens, 1981; Bolin and Cook, 1983). Substantial progress in the knowledge of these cycles has been made since publication of those volumes. In particular, the nature and extent of biological and inorganic interactions between these cycles have been identified, positive and negative feedbacks recognized and the relationship between the cycles and global environmental change preliminarily elucidated. In March 1991, a NATO Advanced Research Workshop was held for one week in Melreux, Belgium to reexamine the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P and S on a variety of time and space scales from a holistic point of view. This book is the result of that workshop. The biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P and S are intimately tied to each other through biological productivity and subsequently to problems of global environmental change. These problems may be the most challenging facing humanity in the 21 st century. In the broadest sense, "global change" encompasses both changes to the status of the large, globally­ connected atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial environments (e. g. tropospheric temperature increase) and change occurring as the result of nearly simultaneous local changes in many regions of the world (e. g. eutrophication).

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This book is an up-to-date synthesis of the biologically interlinked global biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P and S. Processes and models involving the flow of these elements in and between the global reservoirs of ocean, atmosphere, biosphere and land are emphasized. Human-induced perturbations to the global cycles are discussed and the role of these space scales of global change is considered, from the geologic to the present and the future. Feedback mechanisms that enchance orameliorate global change are an important feature. The book is strongly interdisciplinary in scope.

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This book is an up-to-date synthesis of the biologically interlinked global biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P and S. Processes and models involving the flow of these elements in and between the global reservoirs of ocean, atmosphere, biosphere and land are emphasized. Human-induced perturbations to the global cycles are discussed and the role of these space scales of global change is considered, from the geologic to the present and the future. Feedback mechanisms that enchance orameliorate global change are an important feature. The book is strongly interdisciplinary in scope.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-X
C, N, P, S Global Biogeochemical Cycles and Modeling of Global Change....Pages 1-61
The Coupling of Carbon and Ion Cycles Including N, P and S in Soils of Terrestrial Ecosystems....Pages 63-78
Territorial, Continental and Global Aspects of C, N, P and S Emissions from Agricultural Ecosystems....Pages 79-121
C, N, and P Export Dynamics in the Amazon River....Pages 123-139
The Phison River System: A Conceptual Model of C, N and P Transformations in the Aquatic Continuum from Land to Sea....Pages 141-161
C, N, P and S in Rivers: From Sources to Global Inputs....Pages 163-193
Interactions of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles in the Coastal Zone....Pages 195-210
Productivity and New Production of the Oceanic System....Pages 211-231
Air-Sea CO2 Exchange in Coastal Ecosystems....Pages 233-248
Air-Sea Exchange of CO2 and Its Relation to Primary Production....Pages 249-257
Air-Sea Exchange of Sulphur and Nitrogen and Their Interaction in the Marine Atmosphere....Pages 259-281
Origins, Atmospheric Transformations and Fate of Biologically Exchanged C, N and S Gases....Pages 283-304
Multi-Phase Processes in the Atmospheric Sulfur Cycle....Pages 305-331
Organic Matter Oxidation in Marine Sediments....Pages 333-363
The Nature of Phosphorus Burial in Modern Marine Sediments....Pages 365-378
Recycling Efficiencies of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Reduced Sulfur in Rapidly Depositing Coastal Sediments....Pages 379-400
Biogeochemical Transformations in Sediments: Kinetic Models of Early Diagenesis....Pages 401-445
Nonlinearities in Phosphogenesis and Phosphorus-Carbon Coupling and Their Implications for Global Change....Pages 447-474
The Coupling of the Carbon and Sulfur Biogeochemical Cycles Over Phanerozoic Time....Pages 475-490
Working Group 1: C, N, P and S Biogeochemical Dynamics and Cycling in the Geologic Record....Pages 491-493
Working Group 2: Interactions of the Cycles of C, N, P and S in the Recent Past (The Quaternary) and Present....Pages 495-500
Working Group 3: C, N, P and S Biogeochemical Dynamics and Cycling: Future and Human Dimensions....Pages 501-507
Back Matter....Pages 509-521

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This book is an up-to-date synthesis of the biologically interlinked global biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P and S. Processes and models involving the flow of these elements in and between the global reservoirs of ocean, atmosphere, biosphere and land are emphasized. Human-induced perturbations to the global cycles are discussed and the role of these space scales of global change is considered, from the geologic to the present and the future. Feedback mechanisms that enchance orameliorate global change are an important feature. The book is strongly interdisciplinary in scope.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-X
C, N, P, S Global Biogeochemical Cycles and Modeling of Global Change....Pages 1-61
The Coupling of Carbon and Ion Cycles Including N, P and S in Soils of Terrestrial Ecosystems....Pages 63-78
Territorial, Continental and Global Aspects of C, N, P and S Emissions from Agricultural Ecosystems....Pages 79-121
C, N, and P Export Dynamics in the Amazon River....Pages 123-139
The Phison River System: A Conceptual Model of C, N and P Transformations in the Aquatic Continuum from Land to Sea....Pages 141-161
C, N, P and S in Rivers: From Sources to Global Inputs....Pages 163-193
Interactions of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles in the Coastal Zone....Pages 195-210
Productivity and New Production of the Oceanic System....Pages 211-231
Air-Sea CO2 Exchange in Coastal Ecosystems....Pages 233-248
Air-Sea Exchange of CO2 and Its Relation to Primary Production....Pages 249-257
Air-Sea Exchange of Sulphur and Nitrogen and Their Interaction in the Marine Atmosphere....Pages 259-281
Origins, Atmospheric Transformations and Fate of Biologically Exchanged C, N and S Gases....Pages 283-304
Multi-Phase Processes in the Atmospheric Sulfur Cycle....Pages 305-331
Organic Matter Oxidation in Marine Sediments....Pages 333-363
The Nature of Phosphorus Burial in Modern Marine Sediments....Pages 365-378
Recycling Efficiencies of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Reduced Sulfur in Rapidly Depositing Coastal Sediments....Pages 379-400
Biogeochemical Transformations in Sediments: Kinetic Models of Early Diagenesis....Pages 401-445
Nonlinearities in Phosphogenesis and Phosphorus-Carbon Coupling and Their Implications for Global Change....Pages 447-474
The Coupling of the Carbon and Sulfur Biogeochemical Cycles Over Phanerozoic Time....Pages 475-490
Working Group 1: C, N, P and S Biogeochemical Dynamics and Cycling in the Geologic Record....Pages 491-493
Working Group 2: Interactions of the Cycles of C, N, P and S in the Recent Past (The Quaternary) and Present....Pages 495-500
Working Group 3: C, N, P and S Biogeochemical Dynamics and Cycling: Future and Human Dimensions....Pages 501-507
Back Matter....Pages 509-521
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