Ebook: Mechanisms in Fibre Carcinogenesis

The Editors are sorry that the production of this volume was delayed by the ill­ health of one of them and we hope that this does not detract from the value of the con­ tents. For once this delay is not the fault of any of the authors only the editors are to blame. Many of the workers in the field of fibre toxicology became convinced by the middle 1980's that the worst of the furore over asbestos was over although we were left with an intriguing problem - how does asbestos cause disease? It was expected that the future impact of fibres on human health would be very small since asbestos exposure would be controlled and there was little chance that man-made fibres would prove haz­ ardous. These man-made fibres are much thicker than asbestos and, in most cases, they are less durable in the body. Both of these properties are believed to make them much less likely to cause disease. However many of us had fallen into the habit of calling these materials "asbestos substitutes" and thus they have acquired a little of the notoriety at­ tached to the natural fibrous minerals. Very few of these man-made fibres are actually used as replacements for asbestos. Asbestos was not suitable for the uses to which the insulation wools are usually put and the ceramic fibres are replacements for fire brick not asbestos which is destroyed at the temperatures at which these materials are used.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Gaps in Knowledge of Fibre Carcinogenesis: An Epidemiologist’s View....Pages 3-15
Health Effects of Insulation Wools (Rock/Slag Wool and Glass Wool) and Future Research Needs....Pages 17-27
Non-Asbestos Fibre Burden in Individuals Exposed to Asbestos....Pages 29-37
Influence of Long-Lasting Asbestos Exposure on Immunological Status of Asbestos Exposed Shipyard Workers....Pages 39-42
Mesotheliomas in Man and Experimental Animals....Pages 45-49
Experimental Studies on Mineral Fibre Carcinogenesis: An Overview....Pages 51-58
The Relevance of Animal Bioassays to Assess Human Health Hazards to Inorganic Fibrous Materials....Pages 59-69
Relative Intrinsic Potency of Asbestos and Erionite Fibers: Proposed Mechanism of Action....Pages 71-80
Histopathological Analysis of Tumour Types after Intraperitoneal Injection of Mineral Fibres in Rats....Pages 81-89
Radiation-Induced Mesotheliomas in Rats....Pages 91-99
Front Matter....Pages 101-101
Carcinogenic Effect Related to the Fiber Physics and Chemistry....Pages 103-113
Fibre Size and Chemistry Effects in Vitro and in Vivo Compared....Pages 115-120
Inflammation and Immunomodulation Caused by Short and Long Amosite Asbestos Samples....Pages 121-130
Fiber Dimensions and Mesothelioma: A Reappraisal of the Stanton Hypothesis....Pages 131-141
Acute Pulmonary Effects of Inhaled Wollastonite Fibers are Dependent on Fiber Dimensions and Aerosol Concentrations....Pages 143-156
Toxicological Aspects of the Pathogenesis of Fiber-Induced Pulmonary Effects....Pages 157-179
Durability of Various Mineral Fibres in Rat Lungs....Pages 181-187
Health-Related Aspects of the Heating of Refractory Ceramic Fibre....Pages 189-197
Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Vapor-Grown Carbon Fibers....Pages 199-212
Induction of Inflammation and Fibrosis after Exposure to Insoluble and Isometric Particles....Pages 213-228
Front Matter....Pages 101-101
Association of Tremolite Habit with Biological Potential: Preliminary Report....Pages 231-251
Distinguishing between Amphibole Asbestos Fibers and Elongate Cleavage Fragments of their Non-Asbestos Analogues....Pages 253-267
Asbestiform Minerals Associated with Chrysotile from the Western Alps (Piedmont - Italy): Chemical Characteristics and Possible Related Toxicity....Pages 269-283
Front Matter....Pages 285-285
Mechanisms of Fibre Genotoxicity....Pages 287-307
Asbestos Carcinogenicity: A Mutational Hypothesis....Pages 309-318
The Mutagenicity of Mineral Fibers....Pages 319-325
Chromosomal Damage and GAP Junctional Intercellular Communication in Mesothelioma Cell Lines and Cultured Human Primary Mesothelial Cells Treated with MMMF, Asbestos and Erionite....Pages 327-334
Chrysotile, Crocidolite, and Anthophyllite Facilitation of Transfection of Cultured Mouse Cells by Polyomavirus DNA....Pages 335-356
Asbestos Mediated Gene Expression in Rat Lung....Pages 359-365
Rat Pleural Cell Populations: Effects of MMMF Inhalation on Cytokine mRNA Expression and Population Characteristics....Pages 367-376
Growth Factor and Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Transformed Rat Mesothelial Cells....Pages 377-383
The Surface Activity of Mineral Dusts and the Process of Oxidative Stress....Pages 387-395
Iron Mobilization from Crocidolite Results in Enhanced Iron-Catalyzed Oxygen Consumption and Hydroxyl Radical Generation in the Presence of Cysteine....Pages 397-405
The Role of Iron in the Redox Surface Activity of Fibers. Relation to Carcinogenicity....Pages 407-414
Chemical Functionalities at the Broken Fibre Surface Relatable to Free Radicals Production....Pages 415-432
Reactive Oxygen Metabolite Production Induced by Mineral Fibres....Pages 433-438
Oxygen Consumption, Lipid Peroxidation and Mineral Fibres....Pages 439-446
Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Uptake of Asbestos Fibres by Tracheal Organ Cultures: The Role of Active Oxygen Species....Pages 447-455
Promoting Effects of Fibres. Fibres and the Second Messenger Pathways....Pages 459-467
Apparent Promotion by Chrysotile Asbestos of NHMI-Initiated Lung Tumours in the Rat....Pages 469-479
Front Matter....Pages 285-285
Effects of Amosite Asbestos Fibers on the Filaments Present in the Cytoskeleton of Primary Human Mesothelial Cells....Pages 481-490
A Comparison of the Occurrence and Distribution of Iron Deposits Caused by the Presence of Intrapleural Erionite and Crocidolite Fibres in Rats....Pages 491-497
Secretion of Interleukin 1 and Tumour Necrosis Factor by Alveolar Macrophages Following Exposure to Particulate and Fibrous Dusts....Pages 499-504
Cultured Human Mesothelial Cells are Selectively Sensitive to Cell Killing by Asbestos and Related Fibers: A Potential in Vitro Assay for Carcinogenicity....Pages 505-511
Front Matter....Pages 513-513
Animal and Cell Models for Understanding and Predicting Fibre-Related Mesothelioma in Man....Pages 515-530
Chronic Inhalation Toxicity of Refractory Ceramic Fibers in Syrian Hamsters....Pages 531-538
A Classification System for Non Asbestiform Fibres....Pages 539-545
Tumours by the Intraperitoneal and Intrapleural Routes and their Significance for the Classification of Mineral Fibres....Pages 547-565
Fibre Carcinogenesis: Intra-Cavitary Studies Cannot Assess Risk to Man....Pages 567-578
Back Matter....Pages 579-589

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Gaps in Knowledge of Fibre Carcinogenesis: An Epidemiologist’s View....Pages 3-15
Health Effects of Insulation Wools (Rock/Slag Wool and Glass Wool) and Future Research Needs....Pages 17-27
Non-Asbestos Fibre Burden in Individuals Exposed to Asbestos....Pages 29-37
Influence of Long-Lasting Asbestos Exposure on Immunological Status of Asbestos Exposed Shipyard Workers....Pages 39-42
Mesotheliomas in Man and Experimental Animals....Pages 45-49
Experimental Studies on Mineral Fibre Carcinogenesis: An Overview....Pages 51-58
The Relevance of Animal Bioassays to Assess Human Health Hazards to Inorganic Fibrous Materials....Pages 59-69
Relative Intrinsic Potency of Asbestos and Erionite Fibers: Proposed Mechanism of Action....Pages 71-80
Histopathological Analysis of Tumour Types after Intraperitoneal Injection of Mineral Fibres in Rats....Pages 81-89
Radiation-Induced Mesotheliomas in Rats....Pages 91-99
Front Matter....Pages 101-101
Carcinogenic Effect Related to the Fiber Physics and Chemistry....Pages 103-113
Fibre Size and Chemistry Effects in Vitro and in Vivo Compared....Pages 115-120
Inflammation and Immunomodulation Caused by Short and Long Amosite Asbestos Samples....Pages 121-130
Fiber Dimensions and Mesothelioma: A Reappraisal of the Stanton Hypothesis....Pages 131-141
Acute Pulmonary Effects of Inhaled Wollastonite Fibers are Dependent on Fiber Dimensions and Aerosol Concentrations....Pages 143-156
Toxicological Aspects of the Pathogenesis of Fiber-Induced Pulmonary Effects....Pages 157-179
Durability of Various Mineral Fibres in Rat Lungs....Pages 181-187
Health-Related Aspects of the Heating of Refractory Ceramic Fibre....Pages 189-197
Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Vapor-Grown Carbon Fibers....Pages 199-212
Induction of Inflammation and Fibrosis after Exposure to Insoluble and Isometric Particles....Pages 213-228
Front Matter....Pages 101-101
Association of Tremolite Habit with Biological Potential: Preliminary Report....Pages 231-251
Distinguishing between Amphibole Asbestos Fibers and Elongate Cleavage Fragments of their Non-Asbestos Analogues....Pages 253-267
Asbestiform Minerals Associated with Chrysotile from the Western Alps (Piedmont - Italy): Chemical Characteristics and Possible Related Toxicity....Pages 269-283
Front Matter....Pages 285-285
Mechanisms of Fibre Genotoxicity....Pages 287-307
Asbestos Carcinogenicity: A Mutational Hypothesis....Pages 309-318
The Mutagenicity of Mineral Fibers....Pages 319-325
Chromosomal Damage and GAP Junctional Intercellular Communication in Mesothelioma Cell Lines and Cultured Human Primary Mesothelial Cells Treated with MMMF, Asbestos and Erionite....Pages 327-334
Chrysotile, Crocidolite, and Anthophyllite Facilitation of Transfection of Cultured Mouse Cells by Polyomavirus DNA....Pages 335-356
Asbestos Mediated Gene Expression in Rat Lung....Pages 359-365
Rat Pleural Cell Populations: Effects of MMMF Inhalation on Cytokine mRNA Expression and Population Characteristics....Pages 367-376
Growth Factor and Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Transformed Rat Mesothelial Cells....Pages 377-383
The Surface Activity of Mineral Dusts and the Process of Oxidative Stress....Pages 387-395
Iron Mobilization from Crocidolite Results in Enhanced Iron-Catalyzed Oxygen Consumption and Hydroxyl Radical Generation in the Presence of Cysteine....Pages 397-405
The Role of Iron in the Redox Surface Activity of Fibers. Relation to Carcinogenicity....Pages 407-414
Chemical Functionalities at the Broken Fibre Surface Relatable to Free Radicals Production....Pages 415-432
Reactive Oxygen Metabolite Production Induced by Mineral Fibres....Pages 433-438
Oxygen Consumption, Lipid Peroxidation and Mineral Fibres....Pages 439-446
Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Uptake of Asbestos Fibres by Tracheal Organ Cultures: The Role of Active Oxygen Species....Pages 447-455
Promoting Effects of Fibres. Fibres and the Second Messenger Pathways....Pages 459-467
Apparent Promotion by Chrysotile Asbestos of NHMI-Initiated Lung Tumours in the Rat....Pages 469-479
Front Matter....Pages 285-285
Effects of Amosite Asbestos Fibers on the Filaments Present in the Cytoskeleton of Primary Human Mesothelial Cells....Pages 481-490
A Comparison of the Occurrence and Distribution of Iron Deposits Caused by the Presence of Intrapleural Erionite and Crocidolite Fibres in Rats....Pages 491-497
Secretion of Interleukin 1 and Tumour Necrosis Factor by Alveolar Macrophages Following Exposure to Particulate and Fibrous Dusts....Pages 499-504
Cultured Human Mesothelial Cells are Selectively Sensitive to Cell Killing by Asbestos and Related Fibers: A Potential in Vitro Assay for Carcinogenicity....Pages 505-511
Front Matter....Pages 513-513
Animal and Cell Models for Understanding and Predicting Fibre-Related Mesothelioma in Man....Pages 515-530
Chronic Inhalation Toxicity of Refractory Ceramic Fibers in Syrian Hamsters....Pages 531-538
A Classification System for Non Asbestiform Fibres....Pages 539-545
Tumours by the Intraperitoneal and Intrapleural Routes and their Significance for the Classification of Mineral Fibres....Pages 547-565
Fibre Carcinogenesis: Intra-Cavitary Studies Cannot Assess Risk to Man....Pages 567-578
Back Matter....Pages 579-589
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