Ebook: Microbial Infections: Role of Biological Response Modifiers

This volume is based on the Proceedings of the International Conference on "Microbial Infections: Role of Biological Response Modifiers" held in Tampa, FL, May 29-31, 1991. The major purpose of this conference was to bring together in one forum prominent investigators from around the world studying a variety of microbial pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and the effects of biological response modifiers (BRM) on the immune response to these microorganisms. BRM have been widely utilized in the area of antitumor resistance and include not only experimental tumor cell vaccines, but also biologically active substances such as cytokines, i. e. , interferons, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukins, as well as products from bacteria which influence host resistance mechanisms. It is the belief of the organizers of this Conference that it was very timely to discuss in detail BRMs as they impact on microbial infections per se. It is now widely accepted that immunocompromised individuals, including those exposed to immunosuppressive substances such as antimetabolites used for chemothera­ py of malignancies, or infectious agents, such as the human immunodeficiency virus and other viruses which depress the immune response and, in turn, affect a host so as to become highly susceptible to opportunistic microorganisms, benefit from BRM stimulation of their immune system. A wide variety of immunomodulators are now being studied in terms of treating infectious diseases, as well as malignancy and autoimmune diseases.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-x
Immunomodulatory Drugs of Relevance to the Management of Microbial Infections....Pages 1-11
Recent Thoughts on the Immunotherapy of Infectious Diseases Including HIV Infection....Pages 13-22
Identification and Characterization of Mammalian Cell Membrane Receptors for LPS-Endotoxin....Pages 23-29
Bacterial Polysaccharides, Endotoxins, and Immunomodulation....Pages 31-38
Immunomodulation of C3H/HeJ Cells by Endotoxin Associated Protein and Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxin....Pages 39-48
Bacterial Protein-LPS Complexes and Immunomodulation....Pages 49-61
Suppression of Antibody Forming Cells by Lipid a Analogs....Pages 63-67
BRM Activities of Low-Toxic Bordetella Pertussis Lipopolysaccharides....Pages 69-76
Interleukin-2 and the Regulation of Activated Macrophage Cytotoxic Activities....Pages 77-88
Protective Effects of Cytokines in Murine Salmonell....Pages 89-95
Cytokine Activation of Killer Cells in Mycobacterial Immunity....Pages 97-104
Antigen Specific Suppressor T Cells Respond to Cytokines Released by T Cells....Pages 105-112
“Inverse” Effects of Cortisone in Experimental Infection of Mice....Pages 113-123
Bacterial Cell Surface Biological Response Modifiers and their Synthetic Counterparts....Pages 125-135
Determination of the Antiinfectious Activity of RU 41740 (Biostim) as an Example of an Immunomodulator....Pages 137-143
MDP Derivatives and Resistance to Bacterial Infections in Mice....Pages 145-164
Therapeutic and Prophylactic Effects of Romurtide Against Experimental Animal Infections....Pages 165-174
Enhancement of Host Resistance to Opportunistic Infections by Ubenimex (Bestatin)....Pages 175-184
Potentiation of Host Resistance Against Microbial Infections by Lentinan and its Related Polysaccharides....Pages 185-191
Cytokines and Anti-Fungal Immunity....Pages 193-200
Cryptococcal Immunity and Immunostimulation....Pages 201-215
Immunomodulators and Fungal Infections: Use of Antifungal Drugs in Combination with G-CSF....Pages 217-223
Biologic Response Modifiers as Antivirals in Immunosuppressed Hosts....Pages 225-230
Stimulation of Host-Defense Mechanism with Synthetic Adjuvants and Recombinant Cytokines Against Viral Infection in Mice....Pages 231-241
ADF (Adult T Cell Leukemia-Derived Factor)/Human Thioredoxin and Viral Infection: Possible New Therapeutic Approach....Pages 243-251
Antiviral and Adjuvant Activity of Immunomodulator Adamantylamide Dipeptide....Pages 253-263
Immunomodulation by Medicinal Plants....Pages 265-274
Immunomodulating Effects of Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants....Pages 275-286
Effects of Sho-Saiko-to on Cytokine Cascade and Arachidonic Acid Cascade....Pages 287-297
Effects of Medicinal Plants on Hemopoietic Cells....Pages 299-308
Biological Response Modifiers in Infectious Diseases: Prospectives for the Future....Pages 309-317
Back Matter....Pages 319-330
....Pages 331-335