Ebook: Marine Mammal Sensory Systems

This book is a collection of original research papers given at a symposium entitled "Sensory Systems and Behavior of Aquatic Mammals", hosted by the USSR Academy of Sciences. The meeting was held in Moscow from 16 to 25 October, 1991 and involved nearly 100 scientists from around the world. The major headings of the book correspond to the session topics at the symposium. This meeting was not the first dedicated to problems of sensory systems in aquatic mammals. Experts in this field met several times previously to discuss important problems of sensory functions in echolocating animals. symposia on biosonar systems were held in Frascati, Italy in 1966, then in Jersey, France in 1978, and in Helsingor, Denmark in 1986. Papers presented at these meetings were pUblished in books that advanced significantly the understanding of sensory systems (Busnel and Fish, 1980; Nachtigall and Moore, 1988). Initially, echolocating bats were the main subjects of consideration. However, studies on echolocating aquatic mammals, whales and dolphins, increased from one meeting to the next. Indeed, aquatic mammals are of exceptional interest for studying the adaptation of sensory functions for echolocation in specific aquatic environments. As a natural consequence of these developments, the 1989 symposium in Rome was devoted specifically to the sensory systems of cetaceans (Thomas and Kastelein, 1990). This symposium was held within the Fifth International Theriological Congress and was attended by many scientists.

---

Sensory Anatomy, Morphology, and Neurology: Morphological and Histochemical Features of Odontocete Visual Neocortex; I. Glezer, etal. The Cetacean Ear; D.R. Ketten.Hearing Abilities: Auditory Brainstem Responses in the Harbor Porpoise; N.G. Bibikov. Detection of Tone Glides by the Beluga Whale; C.S. Johnson.Echolocution Abilities: The Rate at which a Harbor Porpoise Uses Echolocution at Night; T.Akamatsu, et al. Target Sonar Discrimination Cues; W.W.L. Au.AcousticCommunication and Behavior: Humpback Whale Song; D.A. Helwig, et al. Seismic Communication in Northern Elephant Seals; C. Shipley, et al.Sensory Systems and Behavior: Multi-Scale Communication by Vertebrates; D.G. Bain. Effects of Adding Sounds to Cod Traps on the Probability of Collisions by Humpback Whales; J. Lein, et al. Bioacoustics; W.C.Verboom. 37 additional articles. Index.

---

Sensory Anatomy, Morphology, and Neurology: Morphological and Histochemical Features of Odontocete Visual Neocortex; I. Glezer, etal. The Cetacean Ear; D.R. Ketten.Hearing Abilities: Auditory Brainstem Responses in the Harbor Porpoise; N.G. Bibikov. Detection of Tone Glides by the Beluga Whale; C.S. Johnson.Echolocution Abilities: The Rate at which a Harbor Porpoise Uses Echolocution at Night; T.Akamatsu, et al. Target Sonar Discrimination Cues; W.W.L. Au.AcousticCommunication and Behavior: Humpback Whale Song; D.A. Helwig, et al. Seismic Communication in Northern Elephant Seals; C. Shipley, et al.Sensory Systems and Behavior: Multi-Scale Communication by Vertebrates; D.G. Bain. Effects of Adding Sounds to Cod Traps on the Probability of Collisions by Humpback Whales; J. Lein, et al. Bioacoustics; W.C.Verboom. 37 additional articles. Index.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
Morphological and Histochemical Features of Odontocete Visual Neocortex: Immunocytochemical Analysis of Pyramidal and Non-Pyramidal Populations of Neurons....Pages 1-38
Fiber Analysis of the Optic and Cochlear Nerves of Small Cetaceans....Pages 39-52
The Cetacean Ear: Form, Frequency, and Evolution....Pages 53-75
Structure, Function, and Adaptation of the Manatee Ear....Pages 77-95
The Cornea as an Optical Element in the Cetacean Eye....Pages 97-106
Micromapping of the Fur Seal’s Somatosensory Cerebral Cortex....Pages 107-117
Histological Characteristics and Distribution of Ganglion Cells in the Retinae of the Dall’s Porpoise and Minke Whale....Pages 119-135
Functional Anatomy of the Nasal System in the Bottlenose Dolphin....Pages 137-145
Prenatal Development of the Peripheral Part of the Auditory System in Mammals of Different Ecology....Pages 147-177
Auditory Brainstem Responses in the Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena Phocoena)....Pages 179-195
Periphery Auditory Analysis of Short Acoustic Pulses in Dolphins....Pages 197-211
Detection of Tone Glides by the Beluga Whale....Pages 213-221
Underwater Hearing in Seals: The Role of the Outer Ear....Pages 223-233
Electrophysiological Study of the Interaural Intensity Difference and Interaural Time-Delay in Dolphins....Pages 235-240
Electrophysiological Study of Sound Conduction in Dolphins....Pages 241-247
Frequency Resolving Power of the Auditory System in a Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus)....Pages 249-256
Low-Frequency Phase Sensitivity in the Auditory System of a Dolphin....Pages 257-267
The Rate with which a Harbor Porpoise Uses Echolocation at Night....Pages 269-276
The Line Segment Transform and Sequential Hypothesis Testing in Dolphin Echolocation....Pages 277-286
Target Sonar Discrimination Cues....Pages 287-293
Role of Echolocation in Organization of Goal-Directed Behavior in Dolphins....Pages 295-298
A Language to Describe the Structure of Pulsed Sounds in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus Montagu)....Pages 299-315
The Functioning of the Echolocation System of Tursiops Truncatus During Noise Masking....Pages 317-355
Possible Relationship Between Oceanographic Conditions and Long-Range Target Detection by a False Killer Whale....Pages 357-376
Discrimination of Spherical Targets by a Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus) in the Presence of Interfering Cylinders....Pages 377-392
Individual Signals of Belugas Associated with Hunting Behavior in the White Sea....Pages 393-414
Underwater Acoustic Displays by Male Harbor Seals (Phoca Vitulina):Initial Results....Pages 415-419
Humpback Whale Song: Our Current Understanding....Pages 421-432
Acoustic Signalling in Mother-Pup Reunions, Interspecies Bonding, and Affiliation by Kinship in California Sea Lions (Zalophus Californianus)....Pages 433-437
Seismic Communication in Northern Elephant Seals....Pages 439-447
Stereotyped Signalization of the Bottlenose Dolphin: Role of Social Factors....Pages 449-457
Multi-Scale Communication by Vertebrates....Pages 459-483
A Small Video Camera Attached to a Weddell Seal: A New Way to Observe Diving Behavior....Pages 485-531
Combinatorial Relationships Learned by a Language-Trained Sea Lion....Pages 533-551
Cetacean Detection and Responses to Fishing Gear....Pages 553-562
Cognition and Decision-Making by a California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) in Visual Discrimination Tests....Pages 563-573
Effects of Adding Sounds to Cod Traps on the Probability of Collisions by Humpback Whales....Pages 575-600
Echoic-Visual Cross-Modal Recognition by a Dolphin....Pages 601-629
Orientation of Humpback Whales (Megaptera Novaeangliae) and Minke Whales (Balaenoptera Acutorostrata) to Acoustic Alarm Devices Designed to Reduce Entrapment in Fishing Gear....Pages 631-642
Bio-Acoustics: Standardization, Reference Levels and Data Notation for Underwater Sound Measurements....Pages 643-662
Dolphin Detection and Conceptualization of Symmetry....Pages 663-684
Human-Marine Mammal Contact During Experimental Conditions: Modifications in Behavior of the Participants....Pages 685-700
Back Matter....Pages 701-708
....Pages 709-726