Ebook: Mechanisms of Anesthetic Action in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle

The volatile anesthetics continue to be one of the most mysterious yet commonly used class of drugs in medical practice today. A prominent and troublesome side effect of volatile anesthetics is their ability to alter hemodynamics. This arises from two diverse but interrelated phenomena, depression of cardiac contractility and dilation of the vasculature. These effects of volatile anesthetics on cardiac and smooth muscle plus the action of volatile anesthetics on skeletal muscle in the malignant hyperthermic syndrome have led to concern about the interaction of volatile anesthetics (and other anesthetic agents) with calcium metabolism in the muscle cell. Many of the phenomena caused by anesthetics appear to have common mechanisms in all of the muscle types; however, the differences among skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle also lead to distinct effects of the anesthetics in each. Given the diverse research disciplines which have been brought to hear on the mechanism of anesthetic alteration of contractility, the symposium from which this book originates was convened for the purpose of gathering those with common interests in anesthetic agents and their cellular and subcellular actions in muscle. The recent symposium had its origins in a small but exciting meeting that took place at the University of Texas at Houston in 1984. At that time, Robert Merin and Jacques Chelly convened a group of people who had interest in cardiac muscle and calcium antagonists.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-ix
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Skeletal Muscle Targets for the Action of Anesthetic Agents....Pages 3-8
Effects of Lipid-Soluble Agents on Sodium Channel Function in Normal and MH-Susceptible Skeletal Muscle Cultures....Pages 9-19
Effect of Halothane on Human Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Release Channel....Pages 21-30
Ca Release from Skeletal Muscle SR....Pages 31-41
Halothane-Cooling Contractures and Regulation of the Myoplasmic Ca2+ Concentration in Skeletal Muscle....Pages 43-55
Interactions of Fatty Acids with the Calcium Release Channel in Malignant Hyperthermia....Pages 57-69
Why Does Halothane Relax Cardiac Muscle but Contract Malignant Hyperthermic Skeletal Muscle?....Pages 73-87
Front Matter....Pages 89-89
Cardiac Effects of Anesthetics....Pages 91-96
Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on the Intracellular Calcium Transient and Calcium Current in Cardiac Muscle Cells....Pages 97-107
Halothane Inhibits Binding of Calcium Channel Blockers to Cardiac Sarcolemma....Pages 109-114
Contribution of the Known Subcellular Effects of Anesthetics to Their Negative Inotropic Effect in Intact Myocardium....Pages 115-123
Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on the Intracellular Ca2+ Concentration in Cardiac Muscle Cells....Pages 125-141
Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum as Determined in Intact Cells....Pages 143-154
Alcohol and Anesthetic Actions on Myocardial Contractility....Pages 155-167
Volatile Anesthetics and Second Messengers in Cardiac Tissue....Pages 169-180
The Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on the Calcium Sensitivity of Cardiac Myofilaments....Pages 181-190
Evidence for a Halothane-Induced Reduction in Maximal Calcium-Activated Force in Mammalian Myocardium....Pages 191-197
Mechanisms of Negative Inotropy of Halothane, Enflurane and Isoflurane in Isolated Mammalian Ventricular Muscle....Pages 199-204
Front Matter....Pages 205-205
Anesthetic Effects on Vascular Smooth Muscle....Pages 207-213
Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor (EDRF)....Pages 215-227
Front Matter....Pages 205-205
Effect of Volatile Anesthetic Agents on Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation....Pages 229-235
Cerebral Vascular Responses to Anesthetics....Pages 237-246
Interactions of Volatile Anesthetics and Reactive Oxygen Intermediates on Vascular Smooth Muscle....Pages 247-255
Isoflurane-, Halothane- and Agonist-Evoked Responses in Pig Coronary Arteries and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells....Pages 257-269
Mechanisms of Action of Anesthetics on Inositol Phospholipid Hydrolysis in Vascular Endothelial Cells and Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells in Tissue Culture....Pages 271-287
Direct Actions of Volatile Anesthetics on the Coronary Vasculature....Pages 289-294
Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on the Coronary Circulation in Chronically Instrumented Dogs....Pages 295-300
Back Matter....Pages 301-310

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-ix
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Skeletal Muscle Targets for the Action of Anesthetic Agents....Pages 3-8
Effects of Lipid-Soluble Agents on Sodium Channel Function in Normal and MH-Susceptible Skeletal Muscle Cultures....Pages 9-19
Effect of Halothane on Human Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Release Channel....Pages 21-30
Ca Release from Skeletal Muscle SR....Pages 31-41
Halothane-Cooling Contractures and Regulation of the Myoplasmic Ca2+ Concentration in Skeletal Muscle....Pages 43-55
Interactions of Fatty Acids with the Calcium Release Channel in Malignant Hyperthermia....Pages 57-69
Why Does Halothane Relax Cardiac Muscle but Contract Malignant Hyperthermic Skeletal Muscle?....Pages 73-87
Front Matter....Pages 89-89
Cardiac Effects of Anesthetics....Pages 91-96
Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on the Intracellular Calcium Transient and Calcium Current in Cardiac Muscle Cells....Pages 97-107
Halothane Inhibits Binding of Calcium Channel Blockers to Cardiac Sarcolemma....Pages 109-114
Contribution of the Known Subcellular Effects of Anesthetics to Their Negative Inotropic Effect in Intact Myocardium....Pages 115-123
Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on the Intracellular Ca2+ Concentration in Cardiac Muscle Cells....Pages 125-141
Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum as Determined in Intact Cells....Pages 143-154
Alcohol and Anesthetic Actions on Myocardial Contractility....Pages 155-167
Volatile Anesthetics and Second Messengers in Cardiac Tissue....Pages 169-180
The Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on the Calcium Sensitivity of Cardiac Myofilaments....Pages 181-190
Evidence for a Halothane-Induced Reduction in Maximal Calcium-Activated Force in Mammalian Myocardium....Pages 191-197
Mechanisms of Negative Inotropy of Halothane, Enflurane and Isoflurane in Isolated Mammalian Ventricular Muscle....Pages 199-204
Front Matter....Pages 205-205
Anesthetic Effects on Vascular Smooth Muscle....Pages 207-213
Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor (EDRF)....Pages 215-227
Front Matter....Pages 205-205
Effect of Volatile Anesthetic Agents on Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation....Pages 229-235
Cerebral Vascular Responses to Anesthetics....Pages 237-246
Interactions of Volatile Anesthetics and Reactive Oxygen Intermediates on Vascular Smooth Muscle....Pages 247-255
Isoflurane-, Halothane- and Agonist-Evoked Responses in Pig Coronary Arteries and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells....Pages 257-269
Mechanisms of Action of Anesthetics on Inositol Phospholipid Hydrolysis in Vascular Endothelial Cells and Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells in Tissue Culture....Pages 271-287
Direct Actions of Volatile Anesthetics on the Coronary Vasculature....Pages 289-294
Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on the Coronary Circulation in Chronically Instrumented Dogs....Pages 295-300
Back Matter....Pages 301-310
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