Ebook: Biodegradation: Natural and Synthetic Materials

Two major problems encountered as we approach a new century are the availability of resources for chemicals and energy, and environmental pollution. This book highlights the importance of biotransformation as a solution to these problems and considers traditionally separate areas as one interdependent discipline, in terms of the underlying mechanistic biochemistry and the research techniques employed. The provision of resources has largely centred around non-renewable materials, especially oil. Diminishing reserves of these, together with uncertainties of supply and cost have stimulated great interest in renewable resources. These are largely lignocellulosic materials (e.g. wood and straw) which are available through natural biomass turnover, farming and forestry and from wastes generated by industrial processes. An excellent example is that of kraft lignin, a by-product of pulp and paper production, amounting to 60 million tonnes per annum and which is largely wasted by burning or landfilling. This aromatic polymer has enormous potential as a feedstock to the chemical industry. Environmental pollution is no longer accepted as inevitable for a technological society. Over the past decade there has been a tremendous increase in awareness of the effects of pollution and public pressure has influenced both industry and government. However, to be realistic, it is not possible to replace all processes generating polluting wastes with clean alternatives. Instead, treatments of pollution, both at source and after an incident, are alternatives in many instances and a great deal of emphasis is currently being placed on these.

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To achieve a better understanding of the prevention and management of environmental pollution and the use of important resources for conversion into chemicals and energy, it is important for researchers to be fully aware of the wider aspects of the biodegradation of natural and synthetic materials. The book illustrates the vital role of micro-organisms in the utilisation of renewable resources and detoxification of pollutants. Traditionally separate areas of biodegradation are brought together to emphasise the overlapping mechanisms involved and the similarity of research methods.

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To achieve a better understanding of the prevention and management of environmental pollution and the use of important resources for conversion into chemicals and energy, it is important for researchers to be fully aware of the wider aspects of the biodegradation of natural and synthetic materials. The book illustrates the vital role of micro-organisms in the utilisation of renewable resources and detoxification of pollutants. Traditionally separate areas of biodegradation are brought together to emphasise the overlapping mechanisms involved and the similarity of research methods.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xii
Aspects of the Aerobic Degradation of Aromatics by Microorganisms....Pages 1-14
Degradation of Haloaromatic Compounds....Pages 15-54
Biodeterioration of Fuels....Pages 55-68
Biodegradation of Nitriles and Cyanide....Pages 69-88
The Fate of Chemicals in Soil....Pages 89-117
The Effects of Sorption on the Bioavailability of Pesticides....Pages 119-137
Biosynthesis and Structure of Lignocellulose....Pages 139-155
White-Rot Degradation of Lignin and Xenobiotics....Pages 157-174
Enzymes of Lignin Degradation....Pages 175-184
Actinomycete Enzymes and Activities Involved in Straw Saccharification....Pages 185-199
Uses and Potential of Lignocellulose....Pages 201-217
Commercial Aspects of Bioconversion Technology....Pages 219-234
Back Matter....Pages 235-238

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To achieve a better understanding of the prevention and management of environmental pollution and the use of important resources for conversion into chemicals and energy, it is important for researchers to be fully aware of the wider aspects of the biodegradation of natural and synthetic materials. The book illustrates the vital role of micro-organisms in the utilisation of renewable resources and detoxification of pollutants. Traditionally separate areas of biodegradation are brought together to emphasise the overlapping mechanisms involved and the similarity of research methods.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xii
Aspects of the Aerobic Degradation of Aromatics by Microorganisms....Pages 1-14
Degradation of Haloaromatic Compounds....Pages 15-54
Biodeterioration of Fuels....Pages 55-68
Biodegradation of Nitriles and Cyanide....Pages 69-88
The Fate of Chemicals in Soil....Pages 89-117
The Effects of Sorption on the Bioavailability of Pesticides....Pages 119-137
Biosynthesis and Structure of Lignocellulose....Pages 139-155
White-Rot Degradation of Lignin and Xenobiotics....Pages 157-174
Enzymes of Lignin Degradation....Pages 175-184
Actinomycete Enzymes and Activities Involved in Straw Saccharification....Pages 185-199
Uses and Potential of Lignocellulose....Pages 201-217
Commercial Aspects of Bioconversion Technology....Pages 219-234
Back Matter....Pages 235-238
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