Ebook: NMR Applications in Biopolymers

Elucidating the structures of biopolymers as they exist in nature has long been a goal of biochemists and biologists. Understanding how these substances interact with themselves, other solutes, and solvents can provide useful insights into many areas of biochemistry, agriculture, food science and medicine. Knowledge of the structure of a protein or complex carbohydrate in its native form provides guidelines for the chemical or genetic modifications often desired to optimize these compounds to specific needs and applications. For example, in the pharmaceutical industry, structure-function relationships involving biopolymers are studied rou­ tinely as a means to design new drugs and improve their efficacies. The tools to conduct structure investigations of biopolymers at the molecular level are limited in number. Historically X-ray crystallography has been the most attractive method to conduct studies of this type. How­ ever, X-ray methods can only be applied to highly ordered, crystalline materials, thus obviating studies of solution dynamics that are often critical to attaining a global understanding of biopolymer behavior. In recent years, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has evolved to become a powerful tool to probe the structures of biopolymers in solution and in the solid state. NMR provides a means to study the dynamics of polymers in solution, and to examine the effects of solute, solvent and' other factors~n polymer behavior. With the development of 2D and 3D forms of NMR spectroscopy, it is now possible to assess the solution conforma­ tions of small proteins, oligonucleotides and oligosaccharides.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-x
Applications of NMR in Agriculture and Biochemistry....Pages 1-6
Carbohydrate Stereochemistry, and NMR Spectroscopy....Pages 7-15
Applications of 2D NMR Spectroscopy to Carbohydrates....Pages 17-25
Two-Dimensional NMR Spectrum Editing of Carbohydrates....Pages 27-45
Determination of Complex Carbohydrate Structure Using Carbonyl Carbon Resonances of Peracetylated Derivatives....Pages 47-62
Selective Excitation Techniques for Water Suppression in One-and Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy....Pages 63-84
Oxygen Exchange and Bond Cleavage Reactions of Carbohydrates Studied Using the 180 Isotope Shift in 13C NMR Spectroscopy....Pages 85-93
Computer-Aided Conformational Analysis Based on NOESY Signal Intensities....Pages 95-134
Determination of DNA and Protein Structures in Solution via Complete Relaxation Matrix Analysis of 2D NOE Spectra....Pages 135-154
The Structure and Behavior of the Starch Granule as Studied by NMR....Pages 155-173
Water Interactions in Bovine Casein: 2H NMR Relaxation and Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies....Pages 175-197
Carbon-13 NMR Studies of Native, Gelled, Heat-and Chemically-Denatured Soy Glycinin and ?-Conglycinin at Neutral pH....Pages 199-229
NMR Studies of the Structure and Environment of the Milk Protein ?-Lactalbumin....Pages 231-253
Applications of Multinuclear NMR in the Solid State to Structural and Dynamical Problems in Macromolecular Chemistry....Pages 255-271
Heterogeneity of Intact Collagen by Solid State Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance....Pages 273-285
Forage Digestibility and Carbon-13 Solid State NMR....Pages 287-302
NMR of Carbohydrates at the Surface of Cells....Pages 303-316
Uptake, Metabolism, and Storage of Phosphate and Nitrogen in Plant Cells; an NMR Perspective....Pages 317-328
In Vivo Phosphorus NMR Studies of the Hepatic Metabolism of Amino Sugars....Pages 329-348
Multinuclear Spin Relaxation and High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Food Proteins, Agriculturally Important Materials and Related Systems....Pages 349-360
Characterization of Water in Foods by NMR....Pages 361-389
Use of 13C and 17O NMR to Study Wheat Starch-Water-Sugar Interactions with Increasing Temperatures....Pages 391-414
Application of the Low Resolution Pulsed NMR “Minispec” to Analytical Problems in the Food and Agriculture Industries....Pages 415-459
Automatic Use of Small Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometers for Quality Control Measurements....Pages 461-480
Back Matter....Pages 481-498
....Pages 499-509