Ebook: Mycoses in AIDS Patients

The World Health Organization estimates that at least five million people worldwide are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Of these about 100,000 are in Asia and Oceania, 500,000 in Europe, 2 million in the Americas and 2.5 million in Africa (Mann, 1989). The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is characterized by a derangement in cell-mediated immunity leading to opportunistic infections with for example Mycobacterium spp., Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium. The third symposium on "Topics in Mycology" brought together 265 experts from 32 countries to discuss the epidemiology, immmunological and pathogenetic aspects of AIDS and its opportunistic infections in general and fungal infections in particular. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is by far the commonest opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. The nature and classification of P. carinii is still controversial. In search for its true taxonomic affinities an introductory paper formulates a number of key questions. Candidosis is another frequent opportunistic infection. A number of papers discuss the possibility that selective pressures may operate on Candida albicans within the AIDS population and influence its nature: this might have an impact on prophylaxis and curative and/or suppressive therapy.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xi
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Epidemiology of AIDS and its Opportunistic Infections....Pages 3-12
Immunologic and Pathogenic Aspects of HIV Infections: Current Hypothesis....Pages 13-25
Mycoses in AIDS Patients: An Overview....Pages 27-53
Front Matter....Pages 55-63
Epidemiology of Candida Infections in Aids....Pages 65-65
Candidemia in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome....Pages 67-74
Immunological Aspects of Candidosis in AIDS Patients....Pages 75-82
Controversial Aspects of Candidiasis in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome....Pages 83-91
Front Matter....Pages 93-100
Ecology of Cryptococcus Neoformans and Prevalence of its Two Varieties in AIDS and non-AIDS Associated Cryptococcosis....Pages 101-101
Clinical Aspects of Cryptococcosis in Patients with AIDS....Pages 103-113
Immunological Aspects of Cryptococcosis in AIDS Patients....Pages 115-122
Front Matter....Pages 123-132
Dermatophytes and Pityrosporum in AIDS Patients: Ecology and Epidemiology....Pages 133-133
Clinical Aspects of Dermatomycoses in AIDS Patients....Pages 135-140
Unusual Mycoses in AIDS Patients....Pages 141-146
Mechanism of Pathogenesis — Why are Certain Mycoses Rare in AIDS Patients?....Pages 147-153
Front Matter....Pages 155-160
The Major Endemic Mycoses in the Setting of AIDS: Clinical Manifestations....Pages 161-161
Immunological Aspects of Dimorphic Fungi in AIDS....Pages 163-169
Front Matter....Pages 171-178
Current Status and Perspectives of Antifungal Therapy....Pages 179-190
Front Matter....Pages 191-195
Fungal Models in Immunocompromised Animals....Pages 197-197
Pharmacokinetics of Antifungals....Pages 199-206
Skin Candidosis in AIDS Patients. Effects of Ketoconazole and Itraconazole. Focus on Tissue Levels....Pages 197-197
The Modern Revolution in Antifungal Drug Therapy....Pages 207-222
Treatment of Candidosis in AIDS Patients....Pages 223-243
Cryptococcal Meningitis in AIDS Patients A Pilot Study of Fluconazole Therapy in 52 Patients....Pages 245-254
Oral Itraconazole Therapy of Cryptococcal Meningitis and Cryptococcosis in Patients with AIDS....Pages 255-264
Treatment of Dermatomycosis in AIDS Patients....Pages 265-277
Back Matter....Pages 279-285
....Pages 287-303