Ebook: Separations for Biotechnology 2

The challenge of bioseparations is to isolate and purify identified products from the dilute product broth produced from cell culture. Innovation in bioseparations technology is increasingly driven by the requirements imposed by the growing importance of production on a process scale of injectable-grade products, and economic pressures to improve the efficiency of downstream processing. As in other areas of technical change, science does not necessarily precede new technology: progress results from a complex and messy mixture of advances in understanding, ingenious ideas, novel techniques and chance discoveries. What is certain is that close interaction between academics and practitioners, biological scientists and process engineers is needed to solve the problems of bioseparations. The Second International Conference on Separations for Biotechnology at Reading, UK, in September 1990 set out to provide a critical multidisciplinary forum for the discussion of bioseparations. This volume contains the papers presented at the meeting. The meeting was organised around six themes with oral and poster presentations on the science and practice of bioseparations technology, and the same structure has been kept for this book. We have also included the texts of the keynote review paper by Professor Alan Michaels and the introductory review papers specially commissioned for the conference. Within each part of this book the review paper is followed by the contributed papers grouped alphabetically by their first author. All the original papers published here were accepted for publication after scientific refereeing.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Frontiers of Bioseparations Technology: Unsolved Problems and Novel Process Concepts....Pages 3-8
Front Matter....Pages 9-9
Cell Disruption and Removal of Insolubles....Pages 11-20
Differential Product Release from Yeast Cells by Selective Enzymatic Lysis....Pages 21-28
Conceptual Design of a Novel Flocculation Device....Pages 29-37
The Effect of Culture History on the Disruption of Alcaligenes Eutrophus by High Pressure Homogenisation....Pages 38-47
Separation by Biopolymer Separation of Suspended Solid by Microbial Flocculant....Pages 48-54
Protein Release from the Yeast Pichia Pastoris by Chemical Permeabilization: Comparison to Mechanical Disruption and Enzymatic Lysis....Pages 55-64
The Concentration of Yeast Suspensions by Crossflow Filtration....Pages 65-73
Heterologous Flocculation of Escherichia Coli and Yeast....Pages 74-82
Lateral Migration: A laminar fluid flow mechanism suited to Biotechnology separations....Pages 83-92
The Dewatering of Biological Suspensions in Industrial Centrifuges....Pages 93-101
Front Matter....Pages 103-103
Concentration and Selectivity in Bioseparations....Pages 105-111
A Model for Emulsion Liquid Membrane Extraction of Organic Acids....Pages 112-121
Vortex Flow Filtration for Ultrafiltration of Protein Solutions....Pages 122-131
Membrane Filtration: A Priori Predictions of the Ideal Limiting Flux....Pages 132-141
Clarification of Tissue Culture Fluid and Cell Lysates Using Biocryl® Bioprocessing Aids....Pages 142-151
Economic Fabrication and Utilisation of Agar Composites in Bioselective Recovery in Fixed and Fluidised Beds....Pages 152-161
Electromagnetic Separation of Small Particles in the Dielectric Regime....Pages 162-171
Reactive Solvent Extraction of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics....Pages 172-180
Aqueous Two-phase Fractionation: Practical evaluation for productive biorecovery....Pages 181-190
Front Matter....Pages 103-103
Urease Immobilized on an Acrylic Carrier for Enzymatic Removal of Urea....Pages 191-199
Solid Phases for Immunoaffinity Adsorption....Pages 200-209
The Relationship Between Protein Partition Coefficient and Polymer Concentration in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems....Pages 210-216
Protein Fouling and its Implications for Selection for Ultrafiltration Membranes....Pages 217-226
Purification by Two-Phase Partitioning of an Hepatitis Core Protein-Pertussis Epitope Fusion,Expressed in Yeast....Pages 227-237
Separation of Low-Molecular Organic Compounds from Complex Aqueous Mixtures by Extraction....Pages 238-244
Extraction of Citric Acid Using a Supported Liquid Membrane....Pages 245-254
Front Matter....Pages 255-255
The Future of High Resolution Purification....Pages 257-264
Stable Synthetic Affinity Ligands for Use in Protein Fractionation....Pages 265-274
The Utility of Polymeric Reversed Phase Packings for the Purification of Peptides, Proteins and Antibiotics....Pages 275-284
Batch Stirred Tank Adsorption of Impurity of Cephalosporin C, Desacetylcephalosporin C, Using Modified Amberlite XAD-2 Resin....Pages 285-294
Modification of Microfiltration Membranes as Dye-Ligand Adsorbents for the Isolation of Enzymes from Crude Extracts....Pages 295-304
Adsorption-Desorption of Proteins in RP-HPLC RNase on C4 Supports....Pages 305-314
Affinity Separations Using Microcapsules....Pages 315-324
Modelling of Protein Adsorption in Liquid Fluidized Beds....Pages 325-334
Affinity Separation of Proteins in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems....Pages 335-344
Effect of pH on Polygalacturonase Adsorption in CM-Sephadex Gels....Pages 345-354
Purification and Characterisation of Sarcosine Dehydrogenase....Pages 355-363
Separation of Some Sulphated Olivanic Acids Using Immobilised Cyclodextrins....Pages 364-370
Separation with Porous Glass Membranes and Controlled Pore Glass (CPG) Chromatography....Pages 371-380
Front Matter....Pages 255-255
Performance of Anion-Exchange Cellulose at Process-Scale....Pages 381-389
High Speed Analytical and Preparative Separations of Biological Macromolecules....Pages 390-399
Purification and Characterisation of Gentamicin Acetyl Transferase....Pages 400-408
Affinity Purification Using Radial Streaming Affinity Chromatography....Pages 409-417
Multi-Component Adsorption of Proteins to Ion Exchangers....Pages 418-427
Front Matter....Pages 429-429
The Manufacture of Proteins for Human Therapeutic Use....Pages 431-443
Immunoaffinity Purification of Guar Alpha-Galactosidase Using Mild Elution Conditions....Pages 444-451
Purification of Mouse IgG1 on Protein A and the Measurement of Contaminating Protein A....Pages 452-461
Analyses of Purity and Homogeneity in Production Processes....Pages 462-471
Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies for Human Clinical Use: Validation of DNA and Retroviral Clearance....Pages 472-480
Analysis of Recombinant Human IFN-Gamma Produced in CHO Cells:Effects of Glycosylation and Proteolytic Processing on Product Heterogeneity....Pages 481-490
Validation of the Re-Use of Protein A Sepharose for the Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies....Pages 491-498
Process Design for the Inactivation of Viruses in the Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Proteins....Pages 499-505
Investigations on Apparent Homogeneity and Stability of Recombinant HuIFN-Alpha 1....Pages 506-515
Front Matter....Pages 517-517
The Rational Design of Large Scale Protein Separation Processes....Pages 519-528
Ethanol Production by Extractive Fermentation: A Novel Membrane Extraction Technique....Pages 529-538
Continuous Chromatographic Bioreaction-Separation....Pages 539-548
Thermodynamic Analysis of Separation Process Alternatives....Pages 549-557
Secondary Metabolites by Extractive Fermentation....Pages 558-566
Front Matter....Pages 567-576
Cloning and Expression as a Tool to Easily Purify a New Highly Thermostable Archaebacterial ?-Galactosidase....Pages 517-517
Front Matter....Pages 577-582
Downstream Process Design and Bioproduct Quality Control....Pages 583-583
Biosafety in Downstream Processing....Pages 585-591
Automated Multi-Stage Chromatographic Systems for Production of Biotherapeutics....Pages 592-600
Applications of Molecular Size Detection in Column Chromatography....Pages 601-610
The Monitoring and Control of Protein Purification and Recovery Processes....Pages 611-621
A Study of Permeability and Hydrodynamic Dispersion Under Conditions of Chromatographic Flow....Pages 622-631
Simple Diagnostic Guidelines for Adsorption Column Performance....Pages 632-641
Back Matter....Pages 642-651
....Pages 653-658