Ebook: Effects of Mineral Dusts on Cells

The Fourth International Workshop on "In Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts on Cells" was held on September 20 - 23, 1988 in Auberge Estrimont, Orford, Quebec, Canada. The emphasis of the N. A. T. O. Advanced Research Workshop was the use of cell and organ culture and lavage cell populations obtained from man and laboratory animals to elucidate cellular and molecular events occur­ ring after their interaction with fibrous and nonfibrous particulates, including metal compounds. In seven sessions, an international representation of scientists from 17 countries (Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Federal Republic of Germany, India, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Union of South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America, and Yugoslavia) presented recent research findings in the following areas: Epithelial cell injury and proliferation by minerals. Physico-chemical properties of minerals in relation to their biologic effects. Mechanisms of dust-induced pneumoconioses. Clinical and experimental studies. Mechanisms of cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Oxidants, cytotoxicity and disease. Mechanisms of mineral-induced inflammation. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis. A session on "Questions, risk and public policy" provided a lively discussion on the relevance of in vitro experiments to carcinogenicity studies in man and their implications in the formation of regulatory policies. VI The organizing committee for this workshop was: Co-Chairs: B. T. Mossman (USA) and R. Begin (Canada) E. G. Beck (FRG) A. Lange (Poland) A. Brody (USA) P. Nettesheim (USA) R. C. Brown (UK) Q. Rahman (India) J. Bignon (France) K. Robock (FRG) Fisher G.

---

The mechanisms by which mineral dusts cause cell damage and altered proliferation and/or differentiation of cells are presented in "state-of-the-art" reviews of clinical and basic research. Sessions-in-depth include: Physicochemical properties of dusts as related to their pathogenic potential; molecular biology and oncogenes; growth factors and mechanisms of proliferation; mechanisms of inflammation; involvement of active oxygen species, etc. This comprehensive treatment shows how fibers and particulates cause cell damage, inflammation and disturbancies in growth, and allows us to understand the mechanisms of dust-induced lung disease.

---

The mechanisms by which mineral dusts cause cell damage and altered proliferation and/or differentiation of cells are presented in "state-of-the-art" reviews of clinical and basic research. Sessions-in-depth include: Physicochemical properties of dusts as related to their pathogenic potential; molecular biology and oncogenes; growth factors and mechanisms of proliferation; mechanisms of inflammation; involvement of active oxygen species, etc. This comprehensive treatment shows how fibers and particulates cause cell damage, inflammation and disturbancies in growth, and allows us to understand the mechanisms of dust-induced lung disease.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XII
Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Uptake of Asbestos and Iron Oxide by Rat Tracheal Explants....Pages 1-5
Cytotoxicity of Asbestos and Calciumsilicates to Various Lung Epithelial Cell Types in Vitro....Pages 7-13
Injurious Effects of Mineral Dust-elicited Bronchoalveolar Leukocytes on Epithelial Cells in vitro: The Role of Extracellular Matrix Components....Pages 15-21
Toxicity of Chrysotile Asbestos through Surface Modification with Chelating Agents....Pages 23-25
A Comparison of the In Vivo and In Vitro Toxicity of Fibrous and Non-Fibrous Silicon Nitride....Pages 27-35
Membranolytic Activity and Morphological Characterization of Palygorskite and Sepiolite....Pages 37-48
Mineral Surface-Specific Differences in the Adsorption and Enzymatic Removal of Surfactant and Their Correlation with Cytotoxicity....Pages 49-56
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells in Occupational Exposure to Mineral Fibers....Pages 57-64
Alveolar Macrophages Secretory Dysfunctions in Coal Workers’s Pneumoconiosis. Comparison Between Simple Pneumoconiosis and Progressive Massive Fibrosis.....Pages 65-71
Cellularity in Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Cement Dust Aggression....Pages 73-79
Carborundum Pneumoconiosis....Pages 81-84
Influence of Physicochemical Properties of Beryllium and Nickel Compounds on Cultured Cell Toxicity....Pages 85-92
Comparative Study of the Effect of Various Fibres on the Secretion of Plasminogen Activator by Murine Peritoneal Macrophages....Pages 93-100
Release of lnterleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor by Rat Alveolar Macrophages after In Vivo or In Vitro Exposure to Mineral Dusts....Pages 101-108
The Effect of Aramid and Metaphosphate Fibers on Macrophage Viability and Function....Pages 109-114
Effects of Nicotinamide on the Cytotoxicity of Mineral Dusts Towards Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages....Pages 115-122
Long-Term Effect of 3Methylcholanthrene-Coated Asbestos Fibres on the Immune Status of F1(NZB*C57B1/6) Mice....Pages 123-131
Production of Growth Factors by Rat Pleural Mesothelial Cells In Vivo or In Vitro Transformed by Chrysotile Fibers....Pages 133-140
Mutagenicity of Asbestos and Erionite in a Salmonella Tester Strain of TA102....Pages 141-148
Induction of Sister Chromatid Exchanges by Fibrous Dusts Alone and in Combination with Other Xenobiotics in Chinese Hamster Cells....Pages 149-156
Pleural and Parenchymal Responses in Rats to Short-Term Inhalation Exposures to Erionite, Crocidolite, Chrysotile, Silica and Titanium Dioxide....Pages 157-164
Oxidants, Antioxidants and Monokines in the Pathogenesis of Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis. Tumor Necrosis Factor as a Mediator in Lung Fibrosis....Pages 165-172
Use of Chemiluminescence Assays to Monitor the Surface Characteristics and Biological Reactivity of Freshly Fractured vs Aged Silica....Pages 173-180
Production of free radicals by non-fibrous materials in a cell-free buffer medium....Pages 181-188
Detoxified Crocidolite Exhibits Reduced Radical Generation which could Explain its Lower Toxicity: ESR and Mossbauer Studies....Pages 189-196
The Formation of Oxygen Reactive Radicals at the Surface of the Crushed Quartz Dusts as a Possible Cause of Silica Pathogenicity....Pages 197-204
Arachidonic Acid Metabolite Production by Alveolar Macrophages Cultured in Gazeous Phase. Effects of NO2 and Diesel Exhaust....Pages 205-214
Superoxide Anion Production Induced by Chrysotile Asbestos in the Guinea Pig Alveolar Macrophage....Pages 215-222
Altered Calcium Homeostasis and Mineral Dust Toxicity....Pages 223-229
Formation of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA by MMMF....Pages 231-238
Effect Of Chrysotile, Amosite and Crocidolite on the Oxidative Burst of Rabbit Alveolar Macrophages....Pages 239-246
Production of Radicals Arising from Surface Activity of Fibrous Minerals....Pages 247-255
Potential Role of Silicon-Oxygen Radicals in Acute Lung Injury....Pages 257-264
Oxygenated Radical Formation by Fresh Quartz Dust in a Cell-Free Aqueous Medium and Its Inhibition by Scavengers....Pages 265-272
Interaction of Quartz with Bovine Alveolar Macrophages: Studies on Cytotoxicity, Electrophoretic Mobility and Subcellular Components....Pages 273-280
Degradation of an Extracellular Matrix Component by Bronchoalveolar Leukocytes In Vitro: Modulation by Mineral Dust....Pages 281-288
Silica Induced Alveolar Leucocytosis: Modulation by Mepacrine....Pages 289-295
Altered Functional Expression of Alveolar Macrophage Subpopulations after Serpentine and Amphibole Asbestos Exposure....Pages 297-304
Particle Induced In vitro Chemotaxis of Alveolar Macrophages (AM) and Neutrophils and In Vivo Effects....Pages 305-312
Consequences of MMMF Inhalation on Lung and Pleural Cavity Cell Populations....Pages 313-320
The Role of Alveolar Macrophage Activation in the Response to Mineral Fibers....Pages 321-328
Modulation of Macrophage-Mediated Cytotoxicity by Toxic Particles....Pages 329-335
Effects of Asbestos Fibres on Some Aspects of the Cell Second Messenger System....Pages 337-345
A Model for the Influence of Inhaled Mineral Fibers on the Cellular Burden of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Lung....Pages 347-357
Oncogenic Transformation by Asbestos Fibers and Radon-Simulated Alpha Particles....Pages 359-366
Studies on Cell Cycle of Rat Pleural Mesothelial Cells Submitted to Direct or Indirect Hit by Chrysotile Fibres....Pages 367-374
Effects of 3Methylcholanthrene-coated Asbestos on Hematological Status of F1 (NZB*C57B1/6) Mice....Pages 375-381
Occurrence and Morphology of Tumours Induced in Nude Mice Transplanted with Pleural Mesothelial Cells In Vitro Treated with Chrysotile or Benzo 3–4 Pyrene....Pages 383-388
Cytotoxic, Hemolytic and Mutagenic Issue caused by Chrysotile-Asbestos In Vitro....Pages 389-397
Effects of Asbestos on Specific Binding of Phorbol Ester Tumor Promoter and Protein Kinase C Activity in Hamster Tracheal Epithelial (HTE) Cells....Pages 399-405
Questions to the Cell Biologists and Proposals for a Definition and Classification of Carcinogenic Fibers Derived from Animal Studies....Pages 407-414
Risk Factors of Asbestos-Related Cancers....Pages 415-422
Mesothelioma Threshold....Pages 423-432
Summary and Closing Remarks....Pages 433-437
Back Matter....Pages 439-444
....Pages 445-454