Ebook: Dietary ω3 and ω6 Fatty Acids: Biological Effects and Nutritional Essentiality

On June 24-26, 1985, a major International Conference on the Hea1th Effects of P01yunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods was held in Washington, D. C. The conference had two objectives: (1) to review the research data on the health effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods in terms of the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on eicosanoid formation, thrombosis and inflammation, and the role of docosahexaenoic acid in membrane function and metabolism, and (2) to develop a research agenda to determine the spectrum of the health effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids of seafood origin in the American diet. The 1985 conference established the fact that omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin - eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - play important roles in prostaglandin metabolism, thrombosis and atherosc1erosis, immunology and inflammation, and membrane function. In response to the conference recommendations, the Congress of the United States provided special funding for the establishment of a "test materials 1aboratory" within the US Department of Commerce to produce under documented quality contr01 the types and quanti ties of omega-3 te~3t materials required by biomedica1 researchers. The forms of test materials to be produced include refined fish oil, polyunsaturated fatty acid enhanced triglycerides, concentrates of esters of fatty acids, purified omega-3 fatty acids, and omega-3 mono-, di- and tri~lyceride mixtures.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
Early Studies on the Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids....Pages 1-3
The Food Chain for N-6 and N-3 Fatty Acids with Special Reference to Animal Products....Pages 5-19
Some Aspects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Different Foods....Pages 21-31
Linoleic and Linolenic Acids Intake....Pages 33-41
Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Vegetable Oils....Pages 43-55
Preparation of Fish Oil for Dietary Applications....Pages 57-68
(N-3) and (N-6) Fatty Acid Metabolism....Pages 69-79
The Effect of Dietary Fish Oil Supplementation and in Vitro Collagen Stimulation on Human Platelet Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition....Pages 81-90
In Vitro Studies on Docosahexaenoic Acid in Human Platelets....Pages 91-95
Alpha-Linolenic Acid and the Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid....Pages 97-110
Comparative Uptake in Rats and Man of ?3 and ?6 Fatty Acids....Pages 111-122
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Relation to Neural Development in Humans....Pages 123-133
Sources of ?3 Fatty Acids in Arctic Diets and Their Effects on Red Cell and Breast Milk Fatty Acids in Canadian Inuit....Pages 135-146
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Infant Nutrition....Pages 147-157
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the n-3 Serie and Nervous System Development....Pages 159-175
Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Retina....Pages 177-190
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Endothelial Cells: Relationship to Eicosanoid Formation....Pages 191-199
Modification of the Arachidonic Acid Cascade by Long-Chain W-3 Fatty Acids....Pages 201-211
N-6 and N-3 Fatty Acids in Plasma and Platelet Lipids, and Generation of Inositol Phosphates by Stimulated Platelets after Dietary Manipulations in the Rabbit....Pages 213-218
Dietary Linolenic Acid and Tissue Function in Rodents....Pages 219-226
The Supply of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Photoreceptors and Synapses....Pages 227-239
Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Serum Lipids and Their Relationship to Human Disease....Pages 241-251
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Lipoproteins....Pages 253-262
Alpha-Linolenic Acid, Platelet Lipids and Function....Pages 263-271
Fish (Oil) Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease....Pages 273-282
Dietary Polyunsaturates, Vascular Function and Prostaglandins....Pages 283-295
Polyunsaturated Oils of Marine and Plant Origins and Their Uses in Clinical Medicine....Pages 297-307
Biochemical and Bioclinical Aspects of Blackcurrant Seed Oil ?3-?6 Balanced Oil....Pages 309-321
Quantitative Determination of Prostanoids by Stable Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry....Pages 323-332
Linoleic Acid and Epidermal Water Barrier....Pages 333-341
Different Doses of Fish — Oil Fatty Acid Ingestion in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Study of Clinical and Immunological Parameters....Pages 343-350
Dietary w-3 and w-6 Fatty Acids in Cancer....Pages 351-359
Marine Mammals: Animal Models for Studying the Digestion and Transport of Dietary Fats Enriched in w-3 Fatty Acids. Positional Analyses of Milk Fat Triacylglycerol Molecules....Pages 361-367
Changes in the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles in Zellweger Syndrome Suggesting a New Enzymatic Defect: Delta-4 Desaturase Deficiency....Pages 369-372
Selective Incorporation of Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Position 2 of Plasma Triglycerides after a Dietary Supply of 2 Eicosapentaenoyl Glyceride in Man....Pages 373-375
The Effects of a Fish Oil Preparation (EPAGIS) on Serum Lipids, Apoproteins, Circulating Platelet Aggregates and Hemorheologic Parameters in Hyperlipidemic Subjects....Pages 377-383
Differential Mobilization of Essential Fatty Acids into the Serum Free Fatty Acid Pool in Response to Glucose Ingestion....Pages 385-387
Flax as a Source of Alpha-Linolenic Acid....Pages 389-390
Executive Summary....Pages 391-402
General Recommendations on Dietary Fats for Human Consumption....Pages 403-404
Back Matter....Pages 439-452
Posters....Pages 405-437

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
Early Studies on the Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids....Pages 1-3
The Food Chain for N-6 and N-3 Fatty Acids with Special Reference to Animal Products....Pages 5-19
Some Aspects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Different Foods....Pages 21-31
Linoleic and Linolenic Acids Intake....Pages 33-41
Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Vegetable Oils....Pages 43-55
Preparation of Fish Oil for Dietary Applications....Pages 57-68
(N-3) and (N-6) Fatty Acid Metabolism....Pages 69-79
The Effect of Dietary Fish Oil Supplementation and in Vitro Collagen Stimulation on Human Platelet Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition....Pages 81-90
In Vitro Studies on Docosahexaenoic Acid in Human Platelets....Pages 91-95
Alpha-Linolenic Acid and the Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid....Pages 97-110
Comparative Uptake in Rats and Man of ?3 and ?6 Fatty Acids....Pages 111-122
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Relation to Neural Development in Humans....Pages 123-133
Sources of ?3 Fatty Acids in Arctic Diets and Their Effects on Red Cell and Breast Milk Fatty Acids in Canadian Inuit....Pages 135-146
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Infant Nutrition....Pages 147-157
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the n-3 Serie and Nervous System Development....Pages 159-175
Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Retina....Pages 177-190
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Endothelial Cells: Relationship to Eicosanoid Formation....Pages 191-199
Modification of the Arachidonic Acid Cascade by Long-Chain W-3 Fatty Acids....Pages 201-211
N-6 and N-3 Fatty Acids in Plasma and Platelet Lipids, and Generation of Inositol Phosphates by Stimulated Platelets after Dietary Manipulations in the Rabbit....Pages 213-218
Dietary Linolenic Acid and Tissue Function in Rodents....Pages 219-226
The Supply of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Photoreceptors and Synapses....Pages 227-239
Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Serum Lipids and Their Relationship to Human Disease....Pages 241-251
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Lipoproteins....Pages 253-262
Alpha-Linolenic Acid, Platelet Lipids and Function....Pages 263-271
Fish (Oil) Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease....Pages 273-282
Dietary Polyunsaturates, Vascular Function and Prostaglandins....Pages 283-295
Polyunsaturated Oils of Marine and Plant Origins and Their Uses in Clinical Medicine....Pages 297-307
Biochemical and Bioclinical Aspects of Blackcurrant Seed Oil ?3-?6 Balanced Oil....Pages 309-321
Quantitative Determination of Prostanoids by Stable Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry....Pages 323-332
Linoleic Acid and Epidermal Water Barrier....Pages 333-341
Different Doses of Fish — Oil Fatty Acid Ingestion in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Study of Clinical and Immunological Parameters....Pages 343-350
Dietary w-3 and w-6 Fatty Acids in Cancer....Pages 351-359
Marine Mammals: Animal Models for Studying the Digestion and Transport of Dietary Fats Enriched in w-3 Fatty Acids. Positional Analyses of Milk Fat Triacylglycerol Molecules....Pages 361-367
Changes in the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles in Zellweger Syndrome Suggesting a New Enzymatic Defect: Delta-4 Desaturase Deficiency....Pages 369-372
Selective Incorporation of Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Position 2 of Plasma Triglycerides after a Dietary Supply of 2 Eicosapentaenoyl Glyceride in Man....Pages 373-375
The Effects of a Fish Oil Preparation (EPAGIS) on Serum Lipids, Apoproteins, Circulating Platelet Aggregates and Hemorheologic Parameters in Hyperlipidemic Subjects....Pages 377-383
Differential Mobilization of Essential Fatty Acids into the Serum Free Fatty Acid Pool in Response to Glucose Ingestion....Pages 385-387
Flax as a Source of Alpha-Linolenic Acid....Pages 389-390
Executive Summary....Pages 391-402
General Recommendations on Dietary Fats for Human Consumption....Pages 403-404
Back Matter....Pages 439-452
Posters....Pages 405-437
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