Ebook: Virus-Induced Immunosuppression

It is now widely acknowledged that at the beginning of this century Claude von Pirquet first pointed out that a viral disease, i. e. , measles, resulted in an anergy or depression of preexisting immune response, namely, delayed continuous hypersensitivity to PPD derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thereafter ob­ servations that viral infections may result in immunosuppression have been recorded by many clinicians and infectious disease investigators for six or seven decades. Nevertheless, despite sporadic reports that infectious diseases caused by viruses may result in either transient or prolonged immunodepression, investigation of this phenomenon languished until the mid-1960s, when it was pointed out that a number of experimental retroviral infections of mice with tumor viruses may result in marked immunosuppression. However, it was not until the recognition of the new epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syn­ drome (AIDS) caused by the human immunodeficiency virus and related vi­ ruses that acquired immunodeficiencies associated with virus infection became general knowledge among biomedical investigators as well as the lay public. A number of reviews published during the past decade or so pointed out that numerous viruses may affect humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, expanding knowledge about the nature and mechanisms of both humoral and cellular immunity and pathogenesis of viral infections has pro­ vided clinical and experimental models for investigating in depth how and why viruses of man and animals profoundly affect immune responses.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxii
Viruses and Immunosuppression....Pages 1-18
Immunomodulation by Hepatitis B and Related Viruses....Pages 19-39
Papovaviruses....Pages 41-57
Adenoviruses....Pages 59-72
Herpes Simplex....Pages 73-100
Human Cytomegalovirus....Pages 101-124
Epstein—Barr Virus-Induced Immune Deficiency....Pages 125-140
Immunosuppression by Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and Other Selected Herpesviruses....Pages 141-171
Poxviruses....Pages 173-192
Reovirus-Induced Immunosuppression....Pages 193-200
Immunosuppression by Avian Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Mouse Hepatitis Virus....Pages 201-216
Picornavirus-Induced Immunosuppression....Pages 217-234
Arenaviruses....Pages 235-251
Togavirus-Induced Immunosuppression....Pages 253-283
Rhabdoviruses....Pages 285-301
Virus-Induced Immunosuppression....Pages 303-326
Paramyxoviruses....Pages 327-343
Immunosuppression by Measles Virus....Pages 345-373
Avian Retroviruses....Pages 375-393
Nonhuman Mammalian Retroviruses....Pages 395-419
Implications for Immunotherapy of Viral Infections....Pages 421-436
Conclusions and Prospects....Pages 441-457
Back Matter....Pages 459-477

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxii
Viruses and Immunosuppression....Pages 1-18
Immunomodulation by Hepatitis B and Related Viruses....Pages 19-39
Papovaviruses....Pages 41-57
Adenoviruses....Pages 59-72
Herpes Simplex....Pages 73-100
Human Cytomegalovirus....Pages 101-124
Epstein—Barr Virus-Induced Immune Deficiency....Pages 125-140
Immunosuppression by Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and Other Selected Herpesviruses....Pages 141-171
Poxviruses....Pages 173-192
Reovirus-Induced Immunosuppression....Pages 193-200
Immunosuppression by Avian Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Mouse Hepatitis Virus....Pages 201-216
Picornavirus-Induced Immunosuppression....Pages 217-234
Arenaviruses....Pages 235-251
Togavirus-Induced Immunosuppression....Pages 253-283
Rhabdoviruses....Pages 285-301
Virus-Induced Immunosuppression....Pages 303-326
Paramyxoviruses....Pages 327-343
Immunosuppression by Measles Virus....Pages 345-373
Avian Retroviruses....Pages 375-393
Nonhuman Mammalian Retroviruses....Pages 395-419
Implications for Immunotherapy of Viral Infections....Pages 421-436
Conclusions and Prospects....Pages 441-457
Back Matter....Pages 459-477
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