Ebook: Cell Separation in Plants: Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

This NATO Advanced Research Workshop held 25-30 September, 1988 at the Villa Gualino, Turin, Italy, was the first international meeting of its kind to be devoted solely to cell separation in plants. The partial or complete dissociation of one cell from another is an integral process of differentiation. Partial cell separations are basic physiological components of the overall programme of plant development. Complete cell separations are major events in the ripening of fruits, and the shedding of plant parts. Unscheduled cell separations commonly occur when tissues are subjected to pathogenic invasion. Environmental stresses too, evoke their own separation responses. Over the past five years much new knowledge has been acquired on the regulation of gene expression in specific stages of cell differentiation. Specific molecular markers have been identified that designate the competence of cells for achieving separation. Certain of the chemical signals (hormones, elicitors) that must be emitted or perceived by cells to initiate and sustain separation, are now known to us, and the resulting cell wall changes have come under close chemical scrutiny. The Turin meeting was a focus for those currently involved in such investigations. It assessed factors controlling cell separation in a wide spectrum of different cell types under a variety of conditions.

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This volume collates the contributions made to the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Signals for Cell Separation in Plants. It covers phenomena of complete and partial loss of cell adhesion during ripening of fruits, shedding of plant parts, air cavity formation, sloughing of root caps and through pathogenic infection. Molecular biology of changing gene expression, cell wall structure and composition, enzymology, target cell specifications and analysis of model cell culture systems are linked with anatomical, cellular, immunochemical and ultrastructural summaries to provide an up-to-date and in-depth analysis of operating controls in cell-cell dissociation. The book presents a background for the improvement of plants in horticulture and agriculture and the first integrated account of the relevant basic sciences describing the nature of cell contacts and the events that signal the loss of cell adhesion.

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This volume collates the contributions made to the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Signals for Cell Separation in Plants. It covers phenomena of complete and partial loss of cell adhesion during ripening of fruits, shedding of plant parts, air cavity formation, sloughing of root caps and through pathogenic infection. Molecular biology of changing gene expression, cell wall structure and composition, enzymology, target cell specifications and analysis of model cell culture systems are linked with anatomical, cellular, immunochemical and ultrastructural summaries to provide an up-to-date and in-depth analysis of operating controls in cell-cell dissociation. The book presents a background for the improvement of plants in horticulture and agriculture and the first integrated account of the relevant basic sciences describing the nature of cell contacts and the events that signal the loss of cell adhesion.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XVI
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Signals for Gene Expression in Ripening Tomato Fruit....Pages 1-9
Regulation, maturation and function of tomato fruit polygalacturonase....Pages 11-19
Characterization and Expression of a Ripening-Induced Cellulase Gene from Avocado....Pages 21-30
Gene Expression in Senescing Leaves....Pages 31-38
Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis in Higher Plants: Induction and Identification of l-Aminocyclopropane-l-Carboxylate Synthase....Pages 39-50
Auxin- and Wound-Induced Expression of ACC Synthase....Pages 51-59
Changes in Gene Expression During Ethylene-Induced Leaf Abscission....Pages 61-68
The Cell Biology of Bean Leaf Abscission....Pages 69-78
Front Matter....Pages 79-79
Sorting Signals and Trafficking of Lysosomal and Extracellular Hydrolases of Cell Separation....Pages 81-99
Extensin Peroxidase Ties the Knots in the Extensin Network....Pages 101-113
Cell Wall-Derived Elicitors—Are they Natural (Endogenous) Regulators?....Pages 115-126
Polygalacturonase Activity in the Ripening Tomato Fruit....Pages 127-138
Hormone-Regulated Modifications to Cell Wall Polysaccharides: Relevance to Cell Separation....Pages 139-144
Ethylene and Polygalacturonase—What Else is Involved in Cell Separation in Ripening Fruit?....Pages 145-154
Front Matter....Pages 155-155
Signals and Cell Wall Events in Plant-Pathogen Interactions....Pages 157-163
Host Cell Wall Loosening and Separation by Plant Pathogens....Pages 165-178
The Degradation of Potato Cell Walls by Pathogens....Pages 179-187
Front Matter....Pages 189-189
Interference by Ethylene with the Abscission Retarding Effects of Auxin in Citrus Leaves....Pages 191-200
Identification of Leaf Abscission Zones as a Specific Class of Target Cells for Ethylene....Pages 201-210
Iaa Mediated Cell Separation in the Sepal Splitting of Oenothera Lamarkiana Flower Buds....Pages 211-220
Front Matter....Pages 189-189
Pollination-Induced Corolla Abscission and Senescence and the Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Process....Pages 221-232
The Abscission Process in Peach: Structural, Biochemical and Hormonal Aspects....Pages 233-238
Front Matter....Pages 239-239
Cell Separation: A Developmental Feature of Root Caps which may be of Fundamental Functional Significance....Pages 241-251
Cell Wall Changes in Ripening Peaches....Pages 253-262
Regulation of Aerenchyma Formation in Roots and Shoots by Oxygen and Ethylene....Pages 263-274
Cell Isolation, Recognition and Fusion During Sexual Reproduction....Pages 275-285
Pectinaceous Beads and Pectinase on Callus Cell Surfaces in Graft Unions and in Culture....Pages 287-299
Signals Between Plant and Bacterial Cells: Specific Domains in Cell Walls, a New Insight....Pages 301-305
Front Matter....Pages 307-307
Bud, Flower and Fruit Drop in Citrus and other Fruit Trees....Pages 309-321
Post-Harvest Berry Drop and its Control in Certain Grape Varieties....Pages 323-329
Olive Inflorescence, Flower, Fruit and Leaf Abscission with Chemicals Used for Mechanical Harvest....Pages 331-349
Front Matter....Pages 349-349
Putative Ethylene Binding Protein(S) from Abscission Zones of Phaseolus Vulgaris....Pages 351-356
Differential Abscission and Ripening Responses to Ethylene by Tabasco Pepper Leaves and Fruit: Protein “Marker Events” as Probes....Pages 357-361
Chimeric Analysis of Cell Layer Interactions During Development of the Flower Pedicel Abscission Zone....Pages 363-368
The Role of Ethylene in Petal Abscission of Red Raspberry....Pages 371-375
Peroxidases and Cell Wall Growth by Epicotyls of Cicer Arietinum L. Possible Regulation by Calcium and Calmodulin and Relationship with Cell Wall Loosening....Pages 377-382
A Threonine and Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoprotein from Maize....Pages 383-386
The Role of Endosperm Degradation in the Germination of Tomato Seeds....Pages 387-391
Auxin-Deprived Pear Cells in Culture as a Model System for Studying Senescence....Pages 393-398
Studies on the Release of Mesophyll Protoplasts from Cinchona Ledgeriana L.....Pages 399-403
Front Matter....Pages 349-349
Cell Separation Events in Poplar in Response to Sulphur Dioxide and Ozone: Involvement of Ethylene....Pages 405-419
Cell Wall Pectic Content as an Early Signal for Cell Separation....Pages 421-437
Back Matter....Pages 439-452

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This volume collates the contributions made to the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Signals for Cell Separation in Plants. It covers phenomena of complete and partial loss of cell adhesion during ripening of fruits, shedding of plant parts, air cavity formation, sloughing of root caps and through pathogenic infection. Molecular biology of changing gene expression, cell wall structure and composition, enzymology, target cell specifications and analysis of model cell culture systems are linked with anatomical, cellular, immunochemical and ultrastructural summaries to provide an up-to-date and in-depth analysis of operating controls in cell-cell dissociation. The book presents a background for the improvement of plants in horticulture and agriculture and the first integrated account of the relevant basic sciences describing the nature of cell contacts and the events that signal the loss of cell adhesion.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XVI
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Signals for Gene Expression in Ripening Tomato Fruit....Pages 1-9
Regulation, maturation and function of tomato fruit polygalacturonase....Pages 11-19
Characterization and Expression of a Ripening-Induced Cellulase Gene from Avocado....Pages 21-30
Gene Expression in Senescing Leaves....Pages 31-38
Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis in Higher Plants: Induction and Identification of l-Aminocyclopropane-l-Carboxylate Synthase....Pages 39-50
Auxin- and Wound-Induced Expression of ACC Synthase....Pages 51-59
Changes in Gene Expression During Ethylene-Induced Leaf Abscission....Pages 61-68
The Cell Biology of Bean Leaf Abscission....Pages 69-78
Front Matter....Pages 79-79
Sorting Signals and Trafficking of Lysosomal and Extracellular Hydrolases of Cell Separation....Pages 81-99
Extensin Peroxidase Ties the Knots in the Extensin Network....Pages 101-113
Cell Wall-Derived Elicitors—Are they Natural (Endogenous) Regulators?....Pages 115-126
Polygalacturonase Activity in the Ripening Tomato Fruit....Pages 127-138
Hormone-Regulated Modifications to Cell Wall Polysaccharides: Relevance to Cell Separation....Pages 139-144
Ethylene and Polygalacturonase—What Else is Involved in Cell Separation in Ripening Fruit?....Pages 145-154
Front Matter....Pages 155-155
Signals and Cell Wall Events in Plant-Pathogen Interactions....Pages 157-163
Host Cell Wall Loosening and Separation by Plant Pathogens....Pages 165-178
The Degradation of Potato Cell Walls by Pathogens....Pages 179-187
Front Matter....Pages 189-189
Interference by Ethylene with the Abscission Retarding Effects of Auxin in Citrus Leaves....Pages 191-200
Identification of Leaf Abscission Zones as a Specific Class of Target Cells for Ethylene....Pages 201-210
Iaa Mediated Cell Separation in the Sepal Splitting of Oenothera Lamarkiana Flower Buds....Pages 211-220
Front Matter....Pages 189-189
Pollination-Induced Corolla Abscission and Senescence and the Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Process....Pages 221-232
The Abscission Process in Peach: Structural, Biochemical and Hormonal Aspects....Pages 233-238
Front Matter....Pages 239-239
Cell Separation: A Developmental Feature of Root Caps which may be of Fundamental Functional Significance....Pages 241-251
Cell Wall Changes in Ripening Peaches....Pages 253-262
Regulation of Aerenchyma Formation in Roots and Shoots by Oxygen and Ethylene....Pages 263-274
Cell Isolation, Recognition and Fusion During Sexual Reproduction....Pages 275-285
Pectinaceous Beads and Pectinase on Callus Cell Surfaces in Graft Unions and in Culture....Pages 287-299
Signals Between Plant and Bacterial Cells: Specific Domains in Cell Walls, a New Insight....Pages 301-305
Front Matter....Pages 307-307
Bud, Flower and Fruit Drop in Citrus and other Fruit Trees....Pages 309-321
Post-Harvest Berry Drop and its Control in Certain Grape Varieties....Pages 323-329
Olive Inflorescence, Flower, Fruit and Leaf Abscission with Chemicals Used for Mechanical Harvest....Pages 331-349
Front Matter....Pages 349-349
Putative Ethylene Binding Protein(S) from Abscission Zones of Phaseolus Vulgaris....Pages 351-356
Differential Abscission and Ripening Responses to Ethylene by Tabasco Pepper Leaves and Fruit: Protein “Marker Events” as Probes....Pages 357-361
Chimeric Analysis of Cell Layer Interactions During Development of the Flower Pedicel Abscission Zone....Pages 363-368
The Role of Ethylene in Petal Abscission of Red Raspberry....Pages 371-375
Peroxidases and Cell Wall Growth by Epicotyls of Cicer Arietinum L. Possible Regulation by Calcium and Calmodulin and Relationship with Cell Wall Loosening....Pages 377-382
A Threonine and Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoprotein from Maize....Pages 383-386
The Role of Endosperm Degradation in the Germination of Tomato Seeds....Pages 387-391
Auxin-Deprived Pear Cells in Culture as a Model System for Studying Senescence....Pages 393-398
Studies on the Release of Mesophyll Protoplasts from Cinchona Ledgeriana L.....Pages 399-403
Front Matter....Pages 349-349
Cell Separation Events in Poplar in Response to Sulphur Dioxide and Ozone: Involvement of Ethylene....Pages 405-419
Cell Wall Pectic Content as an Early Signal for Cell Separation....Pages 421-437
Back Matter....Pages 439-452
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