Ebook: Membrane Biogenesis

Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.

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This book provides a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis, considering the major constituents - phospholipids and glycoproteins - in a balanced way. New perspectives in the dynamics of the assembly of biomembranes are discussed and followed by detailed contributions on methodological approaches. Also included are short reviews on protein translocation and sorting across different membranes.

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This book provides a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis, considering the major constituents - phospholipids and glycoproteins - in a balanced way. New perspectives in the dynamics of the assembly of biomembranes are discussed and followed by detailed contributions on methodological approaches. Also included are short reviews on protein translocation and sorting across different membranes.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-VIII
Techniques to Determine Transbilayer Organization and Dynamics of Membrane Phospholipids....Pages 1-13
Transbilayer Organization and Mobility of Phospholipids in Normal and Pathologic Erythrocytes....Pages 15-28
Lipid Localization and Mobility in the Plasmalemma of Aortic Endothelial Cells are Reversibly Affected by the Presence of Cell Junctions....Pages 29-36
Phospholipid Dynamics in Membrane Biogenesis in Hepatocytes....Pages 37-58
The Regulation of Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis at the Subcellular Level in Krebs II Ascite Cells....Pages 59-65
Phospholipid Asymmetry During Erythropoiesis....Pages 67-84
Factors which may Alter the Assembly of Biomembranes so as to Influence their Structure or Function....Pages 85-102
Myocardial Cell Death and the Possible Role of Sarcolemmal Phospholipids (Based on Morphological Observations)....Pages 103-118
The Role of Mitochondrial Membrane Phospholipid Polar Headgroups in Yeast Cytochrome C Oxidase Kinetics....Pages 119-128
The Regulation of Bilayer Stability in Bacteria....Pages 129-139
Membrane Structure and Dynamics by NMR. Part 1: Effect of Cyclopropane Rings, Double Bonds and Sterols on the Structure and Dynamics of Phospholipid Membranes....Pages 141-176
Membrane Structure and Dynamics by NMR. Part 2: The Action of Polyene Antibiotics and Toxins on Biological Membranes....Pages 177-200
Interaction of the Bibenzimidazole Derivative Hoechst 33258 with Lipid Bilyers — A Fluorescence Study....Pages 201-205
“Physical” Membranes: A Short Review....Pages 207-217
Anchoring of Membrane Proteins by Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol....Pages 219-233
Fatty Acylation of Proteins....Pages 235-256
Interaction of the Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Apocytochrome C with Modelmembranes and its Implications for Protein Translocation....Pages 257-269
The LDL Receptor: Structural Insight from Human Mutations....Pages 271-285
The Assembly and Transfer of Oligosaccharide Chains to Proteins....Pages 287-306
Sequence Determinants of Protein Sorting Into and Across Membranes....Pages 307-322
Components Involved in Protein Translocation Across the Membrane of the Endoplasmic Reticulum....Pages 323-335
Import of Small Secretory and Plasma Membrane Proteins into the Endoplasmic Reticulum....Pages 337-350
What Can We Learn from Colicins about the Dynamics of Insertion and Transfer of Proteins into and Across Membranes....Pages 351-373
Bacterial Protein Translocation....Pages 375-393
The Use of Hybrid Proteins in the Study of Protein Targeting Signals....Pages 395-398
The Lactose Carrier of E. Coli: Protease Dependent in Vivo Inactivation....Pages 399-418
Back Matter....Pages 419-428
....Pages 429-438