Ebook: Toxicology of Pesticides: Experimental, Clinical and Regulatory Perspectives

The protection of human health and food and fiber resources against the ravages of pests of many sorts is a continuous struggle by all people in the world. The use of chemical pesticides as an aid in this struggle is now also global. These chemicals are deliberately added to the environment for the purpose of killing or injuring some form of life. Because pesticides are generally less selectively toxic than would be desired, non-target species, including humans, must be protected from injury by these chemicals. This can only be achieved by thorough understanding of the comparative toxicology of these compounds, and by minimizing human (and other desirable species) exposure. The latter can only be achieved by sound regulatory policies that utilize scientific principles and data, properly tempered by both gaps in that data and sociologic and economic considerations. This book contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Toxicology of Pesticides: Experimental, Clinical and Regulatory Perspectives" held in Riva del Garda on October 6-15, 1986. This NATO-ASI has been promoted by the School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington at Seattle, by the Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano and by the Giovanni Lorenzini Foundation, and has been sponsored by both the Society of Toxicology (USA) and the Italian Society of Toxicology.

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This book examines the most recent advances in the toxicology of pesticides. An initial series of chapters deals with various aspects of experimental toxicology. Assessment of human exposure, clinical management of pesticide poisoning, individual susceptibility to pesticide toxicity and extrapolation of animal data to human are also discussed. Furthermore, the problems of the environmental distribution, fate, ecotoxicology, as well as risk management of pesticides are discussed. This book should prove useful in improving the relationship between experimental toxicologists and clinicians, and will facilitate the process of risk assessment and risk management.

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This book examines the most recent advances in the toxicology of pesticides. An initial series of chapters deals with various aspects of experimental toxicology. Assessment of human exposure, clinical management of pesticide poisoning, individual susceptibility to pesticide toxicity and extrapolation of animal data to human are also discussed. Furthermore, the problems of the environmental distribution, fate, ecotoxicology, as well as risk management of pesticides are discussed. This book should prove useful in improving the relationship between experimental toxicologists and clinicians, and will facilitate the process of risk assessment and risk management.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-IX
Toxicology of Pesticides: A Brief History....Pages 1-10
Production and use of Pesticides....Pages 11-17
Role of Metabolism in Pesticide Selectivity and Toxicity....Pages 19-32
Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates....Pages 33-48
Toxicology of Chlorophenoxy Herbicides and Their Contaminants....Pages 49-61
Reactive Oxygen Species and Cell Injury: Role in Pesticide Toxicity....Pages 63-75
Interaction of Insecticides with the Nervous System....Pages 77-91
The role of genetic differences in human susceptibility to pesticides....Pages 93-107
The Reproductive Toxicology of Pesticides....Pages 109-123
Carcinogenicity of Pesticides....Pages 125-145
Dermal Toxicity of Pesticides....Pages 147-169
Environmental Distribution and Fate of Pesticides. A Predictive Approach....Pages 171-184
Ecotoxicology of pesticides: the laboratory and field evaluation of the environmental hazard presented by new pesticides....Pages 185-196
Clinical Management of Pesticide Poisoning....Pages 197-206
Assessment of Human Exposure to Pesticides....Pages 207-214
Pesticides — Risk Assessment and Safe Use....Pages 215-239
Role of Biotechnology in Pesticide Development: Bacillus thuringiensis as an Example....Pages 241-252
Pesticide Use Exposure and Regulation in Developed and Developing Countries....Pages 253-260
Species Differences in Serum Paraoxonase Correlate with Sensitivity to Paraoxon Toxicity....Pages 263-266
The Effects of Pyrethroid Insecticides on Synaptic Transmission in Slices of Guinea Pig Olfactory Cortex....Pages 267-271
Critical review of Pesticide-related Alimentary Outbreaks....Pages 273-278
Peripheral and Central Enzyme Inhibition by Fenthion, Fenitrothion and Desbromoleptophos....Pages 279-283
Application of Structure-Activity Analysis for Estimation of Potential Effects of Pesticides on Environmental Biological Targets....Pages 285-290
Decrements in Retrograde Axonal Transport Precede Onset of Nerve Fiber Degeneration in Organophosphate Neuropathy....Pages 291-296
The lungs as a target for the toxicity of some organophosphorus compounds....Pages 297-303
Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of Early Postnatal Parathion Exposure in the Rat....Pages 305-309
Effects of Lindane on Central Nervous System: Behavioural Studies....Pages 311-315
Back Matter....Pages 317-321

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This book examines the most recent advances in the toxicology of pesticides. An initial series of chapters deals with various aspects of experimental toxicology. Assessment of human exposure, clinical management of pesticide poisoning, individual susceptibility to pesticide toxicity and extrapolation of animal data to human are also discussed. Furthermore, the problems of the environmental distribution, fate, ecotoxicology, as well as risk management of pesticides are discussed. This book should prove useful in improving the relationship between experimental toxicologists and clinicians, and will facilitate the process of risk assessment and risk management.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-IX
Toxicology of Pesticides: A Brief History....Pages 1-10
Production and use of Pesticides....Pages 11-17
Role of Metabolism in Pesticide Selectivity and Toxicity....Pages 19-32
Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates....Pages 33-48
Toxicology of Chlorophenoxy Herbicides and Their Contaminants....Pages 49-61
Reactive Oxygen Species and Cell Injury: Role in Pesticide Toxicity....Pages 63-75
Interaction of Insecticides with the Nervous System....Pages 77-91
The role of genetic differences in human susceptibility to pesticides....Pages 93-107
The Reproductive Toxicology of Pesticides....Pages 109-123
Carcinogenicity of Pesticides....Pages 125-145
Dermal Toxicity of Pesticides....Pages 147-169
Environmental Distribution and Fate of Pesticides. A Predictive Approach....Pages 171-184
Ecotoxicology of pesticides: the laboratory and field evaluation of the environmental hazard presented by new pesticides....Pages 185-196
Clinical Management of Pesticide Poisoning....Pages 197-206
Assessment of Human Exposure to Pesticides....Pages 207-214
Pesticides — Risk Assessment and Safe Use....Pages 215-239
Role of Biotechnology in Pesticide Development: Bacillus thuringiensis as an Example....Pages 241-252
Pesticide Use Exposure and Regulation in Developed and Developing Countries....Pages 253-260
Species Differences in Serum Paraoxonase Correlate with Sensitivity to Paraoxon Toxicity....Pages 263-266
The Effects of Pyrethroid Insecticides on Synaptic Transmission in Slices of Guinea Pig Olfactory Cortex....Pages 267-271
Critical review of Pesticide-related Alimentary Outbreaks....Pages 273-278
Peripheral and Central Enzyme Inhibition by Fenthion, Fenitrothion and Desbromoleptophos....Pages 279-283
Application of Structure-Activity Analysis for Estimation of Potential Effects of Pesticides on Environmental Biological Targets....Pages 285-290
Decrements in Retrograde Axonal Transport Precede Onset of Nerve Fiber Degeneration in Organophosphate Neuropathy....Pages 291-296
The lungs as a target for the toxicity of some organophosphorus compounds....Pages 297-303
Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of Early Postnatal Parathion Exposure in the Rat....Pages 305-309
Effects of Lindane on Central Nervous System: Behavioural Studies....Pages 311-315
Back Matter....Pages 317-321
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