Ebook: ADP-Ribosylation of Proteins: Enzymology and Biological Significance

In 1966, a paper entitled "On the formation of a novel adenylylic compound by enzymatic extracts of liver nuclei" from Paul Mandel's laboratory in Strasbourg, France, planted the seed for a rapidly growing new field of biological research focusing on ADP-ribosylation reactions. The development of this field over the past 2 decades reflects very much a modern trend of biological research. As more detailed knowledge accumulates, enigmatic phenomena turn into concepts which create their own enigmata. This process tends to favor the development of multiple, seemingly disconnected, research lines until simplicity emerges from chaos and unifying concepts substitute for controversy. It appears that the field of ADP-ribosylation reactions has not yet attained this latter stage. For example, with the identification of two different classes of ADP-ribosylation reactions, i.e., mono-ADP-ribosyla­ tion and poly-ADP-ribosylation reactions, the field split very early into two separate branches of research. With the present volume, we have divided the task of reviewing these two classes of ADP­ ribosylation accordingly, although their coexistence in eukaryotes may involve a closer functional linkage than hitherto recognized.

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This book presents a comprehensive overview of the molecular and biological consequences of the posttranslational modification of proteins with ADP-ribose monomers and polymers. Part one focusses on chromatin-associated poly ADP-ribosylation reactions which have evolved in higher eukaryotes as modulators of chromatin functions. The significance of poly ADP-ribosylation in DNA repair, carcinogenesis, and gene expression during terminal differentiation is discussed in detail. Part two reviews mono ADP-ribosylation reactions which are catalyzed by prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes. Prominent consideration is given to the action of bacterial toxins, such as cholera toxin, pertussis toxin, and diphtheria toxin. These toxins have emerged as novel tools for the molecular probing of proteins involved in signal transduction and protein biosyntheses.

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This book presents a comprehensive overview of the molecular and biological consequences of the posttranslational modification of proteins with ADP-ribose monomers and polymers. Part one focusses on chromatin-associated poly ADP-ribosylation reactions which have evolved in higher eukaryotes as modulators of chromatin functions. The significance of poly ADP-ribosylation in DNA repair, carcinogenesis, and gene expression during terminal differentiation is discussed in detail. Part two reviews mono ADP-ribosylation reactions which are catalyzed by prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes. Prominent consideration is given to the action of bacterial toxins, such as cholera toxin, pertussis toxin, and diphtheria toxin. These toxins have emerged as novel tools for the molecular probing of proteins involved in signal transduction and protein biosyntheses.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XVI
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Poly(ADP-Ribose): Structure, Properties and Quantification....Pages 3-11
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Biosynthesis....Pages 12-37
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Catabolism....Pages 38-44
Nuclear Acceptor Proteins for Poly(ADP-Ribose) and the Functional Consequences of Poly-ADP-Ribosylation on the Acceptor Species....Pages 45-58
Poly-ADP-Ribosylation and Chromatin Organization....Pages 59-65
Poly-ADP-Ribosylation in the Recovery of Mammalian Cells from DNA Damage....Pages 66-92
Poly(ADP-Ribose), DNA Synthesis, and Cell Cycle Progression....Pages 93-100
Poly(ADP-Ribose), Cellular Differentiation, and Gene Expression....Pages 101-113
Poly(ADP-Ribose) in Inherited Human Diseases and Experimental Disease Models....Pages 114-125
Front Matter....Pages 127-130
Signal Transduction....Pages 131-139
Cholera Toxin....Pages 140-154
Pertussis Toxin....Pages 155-182
Diphtheria Toxin....Pages 183-194
Cellular Transferases....Pages 195-208
Mitochondria....Pages 209-215
The Bond....Pages 216-230
Back Matter....Pages 231-237

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This book presents a comprehensive overview of the molecular and biological consequences of the posttranslational modification of proteins with ADP-ribose monomers and polymers. Part one focusses on chromatin-associated poly ADP-ribosylation reactions which have evolved in higher eukaryotes as modulators of chromatin functions. The significance of poly ADP-ribosylation in DNA repair, carcinogenesis, and gene expression during terminal differentiation is discussed in detail. Part two reviews mono ADP-ribosylation reactions which are catalyzed by prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes. Prominent consideration is given to the action of bacterial toxins, such as cholera toxin, pertussis toxin, and diphtheria toxin. These toxins have emerged as novel tools for the molecular probing of proteins involved in signal transduction and protein biosyntheses.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XVI
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Poly(ADP-Ribose): Structure, Properties and Quantification....Pages 3-11
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Biosynthesis....Pages 12-37
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Catabolism....Pages 38-44
Nuclear Acceptor Proteins for Poly(ADP-Ribose) and the Functional Consequences of Poly-ADP-Ribosylation on the Acceptor Species....Pages 45-58
Poly-ADP-Ribosylation and Chromatin Organization....Pages 59-65
Poly-ADP-Ribosylation in the Recovery of Mammalian Cells from DNA Damage....Pages 66-92
Poly(ADP-Ribose), DNA Synthesis, and Cell Cycle Progression....Pages 93-100
Poly(ADP-Ribose), Cellular Differentiation, and Gene Expression....Pages 101-113
Poly(ADP-Ribose) in Inherited Human Diseases and Experimental Disease Models....Pages 114-125
Front Matter....Pages 127-130
Signal Transduction....Pages 131-139
Cholera Toxin....Pages 140-154
Pertussis Toxin....Pages 155-182
Diphtheria Toxin....Pages 183-194
Cellular Transferases....Pages 195-208
Mitochondria....Pages 209-215
The Bond....Pages 216-230
Back Matter....Pages 231-237
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