Ebook: Enzymes of Lipid Metabolism II

This book presents the proceedings of the 2nd meeting on "Enzymes of Lipid Metabolism" which took place in Strasbourg in October, 1985. It is a sequel to the first conference bearing this title which took place, also in the vicinity of Strasbourg, in March, 1977. In either case the meetings were coorganized by L. Freysz of Strasbourg, France and S. Gatt of Jerusalem, Israel. The present meeting was set up as a joint NATO Advanced Research Workshop and CNRS-INSERM International Symposium. The conference was guided by two principles, namely, that science has no bounderies, neither has the study of lipid metabolism. Participants came from Europe, the USA, Israel and Japan and represented areas of research in lipid metabolism involving fatty acid s, cholesterylesters, glycero-and sphingolipids. The experimental approaches utilized purified enzymes, artificial and biological membranes, as well as a variety of cells, primary or cultured lines. A session was also devoted to modification of lipid enzymes and metabolism resulting from inherited, inborn defects such as the lipid storage diseases which are caused by genetic modification of degradative enzymes of lipid metabolism. A second type of disease stemming from a defect in a cell organnel (ie, the peroxisome) was also discussed. The eight and one and a half years which elapsed since the previous meeting, highlighted the changing emphasis of research in. lipid metabolism.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Lipolytic Enzymes of the Gastrointestinal Tract....Pages 5-17
Kinetic Assay of Human Gastric Lipase on Short and Long Chain Triacylglycerol Emulsions....Pages 19-22
Inhibition of Pancreatic and Microbial Lipases by Proteins: Kinetic and Binding Studies....Pages 23-27
Tumor-Promoting Phorbol Diesters are Substrates for and Modulators of Diacylglycerol Lipase....Pages 29-33
Lipolytic Activities Operative at the Outer Surface of Rat Fat Cells....Pages 35-37
On the Mechanism of Endogenous Lipolysis in Rat Heart: A Role of Lysosomes?....Pages 39-43
The Enzymes of Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis....Pages 47-57
Characterization of Choline and Ethanolamine Kinase Activities in Plasmodium — Infected Erythrocytes....Pages 59-64
Physiological Responses of Intestinal CTP: Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase and its Interaction with Lipophilic Drugs....Pages 65-69
Degradation of Membrane Phosphoglycerides by the Reversal of Phosphotransferase Reactions....Pages 71-75
Treatment of Rat Brain Microsomal Vesicles with Octyl-?-D-Glucopyranoside: A Study on Ethanolamine Base-Exchange after Reaggregation....Pages 77-82
Effect of Modification of Membrane Phospholipid Composition on Phospholipid Methylation in Aggregating Cell Culture....Pages 83-87
Acetyltransferases and Transacylases Relative Rates in 1-Alkyl- or 1-Acyl-Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis by Rat Platelet Homogenates....Pages 89-92
Modulation of Deacylation-Reacylation Pathway of Phospholipid Metabolism and Turnover During Reperfusion of Ischemic Myocardium....Pages 93-98
Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase: Stereospecificity and Evidence that the Hepatic and Intestinal Activities are Tissue-Specific Isoenzymes....Pages 99-103
The Interaction of Pancreatic Phospholipase A2 with Negatively Charged Substrates — Application: The Transformation of Soluble Phospholipase A2 into a Highly Penetrating “Membrane-Bound” Form....Pages 107-119
Mechanism of Interaction of Phospholipase A2 with Phospholipid Substrates and Activators....Pages 121-132
Endogenous Suppression of Neutral-Active and Calcium-Dependent Phospholipase A2 Activity in Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes....Pages 133-138
Front Matter....Pages 139-143
Properties of Pancreatic Phospholipases A1 and Intestinal Phospholipase A2 from Guinea Pig: Their Complementary Role in the Intestinal Absorption of Phospholipids....Pages 145-148
Partial Characterization of the Cytosolic Phospholipase A1 of Rat Heart....Pages 1-1
Purification and Properties of Phospholipase A from the Outer Membrane of Overproducing Escherichia Coli K-12....Pages 149-152
Some Properties of Lysoplasmalogenase and Alkenylhydrolase from Rat Liver Microsomes....Pages 153-157
Purification of Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase....Pages 159-164
Characterization of an Acetylhydrolase Isolated from Rat Alveolar Macrophages in Comparison with the Enzyme Present in Vivo in Lung Alveoli....Pages 165-169
Preliminary Study for High Performance Purification of a Hydrophobic Protein: A Biological Fluid Acetylhydrolase....Pages 171-175
Biosynthesis and Pharmacology of PAF-Acether (Platelet-Activating Factor)....Pages 177-181
The Peroxisomal Enzymes of Glycerolipid Metabolism....Pages 183-187
Deficiencies in Ether Glycerolipids and Their Biosynthesis in Inherited Peroxisomal Disorders....Pages 191-197
Impaired Maturation of Peroxisomal ?-oxidation Enzymes in Fibroblasts from Patients with the Zellweger Syndrome and Infantile Refsum Disease....Pages 199-207
New Techniques in Glycosyltransferase Research....Pages 209-217
Biosynthesis of Gangliosides and Blood Group Glycolipids Using Solubilized Glycosyltransferases....Pages 219-221
Solubilization of Lipid-Glycosyltransferases from Mitochondrial Outer Membranes....Pages 225-231
UDP-Glucose Sterol ?-Glucosyl Transferase, a Plant Sterol Conjugating Enzyme....Pages 233-245
Purification and Properties of Acid Sphingomyelinase from Human Urine....Pages 247-251
Heterogeneity of Human Sphingomyelinase: Relatedness of the Major Polypeptides....Pages 253-257
Immunological Studies on Acidic Sphingomyelinase....Pages 261-265
Immunological Studies on Lysosomal Sphingomyelinase: Immunization Procedures, Properties of Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies Obtained and Effect of Triton X-100 on Binding of Enzyme Activity....Pages 267-271
?-Glucocerebrosidase: Affinity Purification and Characterization of its Active Site with N-Alkyl Derivatives of 1-Deoxynojirimycin....Pages 273-277
Front Matter....Pages 279-283
Human Acid ?-Glucosidase: Primary Structure of the Active Site....Pages 285-288
Specificity of Human Glucosylceramide ?-Glucosidase Towards Structurally Modified Glucosylceramides in a Liposomal Assay-System....Pages 1-1
Activator Proteins (Protein Cofactors) for the Catabolism of Glycosphingolipids....Pages 289-297
Glycosphingolipid Activator Proteins....Pages 299-304
Studies of SAP-1 and SAP-2 in Cultured Skin Fibroblasts....Pages 307-314
The Specificity of Cerebroside Sulfatase Activator....Pages 315-338
Two Heat-Stable Low-Molecular-Mass Proteins Stimulating the Enzymic Sphingomyelin Degradation Isolated from Human Gaucher and Normal Spleen....Pages 339-347
The Effects of Acidic Lipids and Heat-Stable Factor on the Physical-Chemical and Kinetic Properties of Glucocerebrosidase....Pages 349-352
A New Glucosylceramidase Activator in Human Placenta....Pages 353-360
Front Matter....Pages 361-370
Molecular Organization of Glycosphingolipids in Phosphatidylcholine Bilayers and Biological Membranes....Pages 371-381
Metabolic Incorporation of a New Fluorescent Anthracene Fatty Acid into the Membrane Lipids of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells for Studying the Dynamic and Topology of Membranes....Pages 383-383
TMA-DPH as Specific Plasma Membrane Fluidity Probe for Intact Cells and its Limitation....Pages 387-396
Phospholipid Bilayer Assembly: Facilitated Transmembrane Movement of Phosphatidylcholine....Pages 397-402
The Asymmetrical Distribution and Biosynthesis of Molecular Species of Phospholipids in Chick Brain Microsomes....Pages 403-405
Cholesterol Pools in Mycoplasma Membranes: Modifications in Phospholipid Composition Affect the Kinetics of Cholesterol Exchange with Lipid Vesicles....Pages 407-413
Structure and Function of the Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein (Sterol Carrier Protein 2)....Pages 415-420
A Model for Studying Membrane Fatty Acid Transport : Acyl-Coenzyme a Synthesis in Human Erythrocyte Ghosts....Pages 421-428
Transport of Fluorescent Fatty Acids into Cultured Cells: Analysis by the Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter....Pages 429-435
Transport and Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Cultured Heart Muscle Cells from Neonatal Rats....Pages 437-449
Hormonal Regulation of Exogenous Fatty-Acid Incorporation into Lipids in Cultured Hamster Fibroblasts....Pages 453-458
Front Matter....Pages 459-465
Fatty Acid Composition and Metabolism of Tumor Cells Rendered Resistant to the Anticancer Drug Doxorubicin....Pages 467-471
HMGR (3-Hydroxy, 3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase) Activity of Cultured Rat Brain Cells: Sensitivity to n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) from Cod-Liver and Sunflower Oils....Pages 383-383
Development and Maturation of Lipoprotein Lipase in Cultured Adipose Cells....Pages 473-478
Synthesis and Properties of Fluorescent Analogs of Cytidine Diphosphate-Diacylglycerol and Phosphatidylinositol....Pages 479-484
Biosynthesis and Intracellular Transport of Phospholipids in Yeast....Pages 485-492
Phospholipid Catabolism and Phospholipid Turnover in Cultured Cells....Pages 493-500
Aging of Rat Heart Myocytes and Fibroblasts: Relationship between Lipid Composition, Membrane Organization and Biological Properties....Pages 501-505
Extracellular Fluid Viscosity: Its Role in the Regulation of Membrane Lipid Metabolism and Cellular Secretion....Pages 507-517
Control of Surface Sphingomyelinase Activity in Cultured Neuroblastoma Cells....Pages 519-533
Metabolism of Exogenous Gangliosides in Cultured Fibroblasts and Cerebellar Cells....Pages 535-546
Intracellular Aspects of Ganglioside Metabolism and Transport....Pages 547-551
Metabolic Aspects of Gangliosides Involved in the Maturation of Cultured Nerve Cells....Pages 553-562
Regulation of Glycosphingolipid Anabolism in Fibroblasts by Ionophores, Plasma Membrane ATP-ase Inhibition, and Growth Factors....Pages 563-575
Nuclear Triiodothyronine Receptors and Mechanisms of Triiodothyronine and Insulin Action on the Synthesis of Cerebroside Sulfotransferase by Cultures of Cells Dissociated from Brains of Embryonic Mice....Pages 577-590
Utilization of Exogenous Ceramide for the Synthesis of Sphingolipids in Cultured SV40-Transformed Rat Schwann Cells....Pages 591-595
Genetic Regulation of Phospholipid Synthesis in Yeast....Pages 597-613
The Regulation of Arachidonic Acid Release in Parturition....Pages 615-619
Relationship between Arachidonic Acid Biosynthesis and its Level in Rat Tissues....Pages 623-632
Regulatory Properties of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase in the Mitochondrial Membrane of Liver....Pages 633-645
Front Matter....Pages 647-649
Mammalian Phospholipase D and Related Activities....Pages 651-660
Metabolism of Inositol-Glycerophospholipids in Relation to Transmembrane Signalling and Calcium Mobilization....Pages 661-664
Protein Kinase C Regulation by Diacylglycerols: Structure-Function Relationships and Mechanism....Pages 383-383
Effect of Ischemia on Activities of Polyphosphoinositide Phosphodiesterase and Diacylglycerol Kinase in Gerbil Brain Synaptosomes....Pages 665-679
Receptor-Mediated Degradation of Choline Plasmalogens and Glycerophospholipid Methylation: A New Hypothesis....Pages 681-692
Front Matter....Pages 693-700
Transport and Processing of Lysosomal Enzymes....Pages 701-705
Genetic Heterogeneity of Gaucher Disease: Enzymatic and Immunologic Studies....Pages 707-711
Molecular Forms, Biosynthesis and Maturation of Glucocerebrosidase, a Membrane-Associated Lysosomal Enzyme Deficient in Gaucher Disease....Pages 713-713
Forms of Glucocerebrosidase Present in Tissues and Urine....Pages 715-720
The ?-Galactosidase — Sialidase Complex....Pages 721-734
Intracellular Binding and Transport of Lysosomal Enzymes in Human and Bovine Tissues....Pages 735-745
Molecular Heterogeneity in O-Variant GM2 Gangliosidosis....Pages 747-752
Preliminary Characterization of a Ganglioside Sialidase in Normal and Mucolipidosis IV Fibroblasts....Pages 753-770
Sphingomyelinase and Niemann-Pick Disease....Pages 771-778
Fluorescent Derivatives of Sphingomyelin: Synthesis, Use as Substrates for Sphingomyelinase and for Diagnosis of Niemann-Pick Disease in Cultured Cells....Pages 779-784
Lipases, Cholesterylesterases and Carboxylesterases in Lymphoid Cell Lines: Substrate Specificity and Relation to Wolman’s, Cholesteryl Ester Storage Diseases and Lipid Storage Myopathy....Pages 785-789
Use of Fluorescent Fatty Acids for Labelling Acid Lipase-Deficient Cells....Pages 791-802
Morphological and Biochemical Studies of Induced and Pathological Lipidosis in Cultured Muscle Cells....Pages 803-807
On the Composition of Autofluorescent Accumulation Products: Ceroid and Lipofuscin....Pages 809-816
Back Matter....Pages 817-820
....Pages 821-826