Ebook: Risk Assessment and Management

This is a collection of papers presented at the 1985 annual meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis. As always seems to occur at these meetings, the discussion was lively, the sessions were filled, and people complained about not being able to hear all the papers they wanted to because of concurrent sessions. If ever someone is in charge of a meeting, I wish them the good luck to have it be one for the Society for Risk Analysis. While I was responsible for the meeting, it could not have taken place without the efforts of the general chairman, Alan Moshissi. The program committee was chaired by Janice Longstreth, and included Lee Abramson and Vincent Covello. Together we assembled disparate papers into reasonably coherent sessions, prodded authors into getting us manuscrLpts on time, and dealt with all the last minute changes that are required for a major meeting. The Washington chapter of the Society for Risk Analysis hosted the meeting. Dr. Longstreth was president of the chapter during this fateful year and deserves a great deal of thanks for her organizational skills and efforts. Rick Cothern, Jerry Chandler, Kathleen Knox, Sue Perlin, and Paul Price played major roles in organ1z1ng the meeting and making it run smoothly. Special thanks go to Richard J. Burk, Jr. , Executive Secretary of the Society, and his staff for handling the logistics.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xii
Black Hats, Economists and Societal Risk Assessment....Pages 1-8
Intraspecies Extrapolation: Efforts at Enhancing Dose-Response Relationships....Pages 9-18
A Retrospective Look at the Carcinogenic Potency of Vinyl Chloride....Pages 19-25
Analysis of Health Effects Caused by Multiple Insults....Pages 27-34
Managing Economic Risks Due to Electrical Equipment Containing PCBs: Analytical Tools to Support Utility Decisions....Pages 35-43
Estimating Risks of Known and Unknown Carcinogens....Pages 45-59
The Cleanup of Chemical Waste Sites — A Rational Approach....Pages 61-69
Identification of Key Risks under Different Measures for a Future Oil Shale Industry....Pages 71-81
Risk Assessment of Deliberate Release of Genetically-Engineered Microorganisms....Pages 83-91
Assessing the Risks Associated with Biotechnology: The Regulatory Problem....Pages 93-98
Methodological Approach to the Study of Risk Policy Decision-Making: The Case of Deliberate Release of Genetically Engineered Organisms....Pages 99-106
How Real is the Risk from Technologically Enhanced Natural Radiation....Pages 107-112
Safety Management of Large Operations....Pages 113-126
The Use of Operating Experience to Reduce Risk....Pages 127-136
A View on Consistency of NRC Risk Policy....Pages 137-140
Application of Integrated Risk Analysis at EPA....Pages 141-146
Development and Application of Risk Analysis in Duke Power....Pages 147-152
The Process Hazards Management Program at Dupont....Pages 153-157
Risk Management Applications to Dam Safety Activities within the Bureau of Reclamation....Pages 159-178
Risk Management of Complex, Technology-Based Systems: Observations on Similarities and Differences....Pages 179-188
Risk-Based Monitoring of Industrial Systems....Pages 189-199
“Living PRA” Concept for Risk Management of Nuclear and Chemical Processing Plants....Pages 201-204
The IDCOR Program—Severe Accident Issues, Individual Plant Examinations and Source Term Developments....Pages 205-217
Trends and Needs in Reactor Safety Improvement....Pages 219-227
A Value-Impact Approach for Regulatory Decision Making: An Application to Nuclear Power....Pages 229-240
Improving Automotive Safety: The Role of Industry, the Government, and the Driver....Pages 241-259
Selfish Safety or Redistributed Risks? Trade-offs among Automobile Occupants’ Accident Fatality Risks....Pages 261-277
Fire Risk Assessment and Management....Pages 279-287
USA Management of Fire Risk....Pages 289-308
Education of the Public about Potential Health and Environmental Effects Associated with Hazardous Substances....Pages 309-316
The Role of Liability Preferences in Societal Technology Choices: Results of a Pilot Study....Pages 317-324
Public Perception of Risk in Developing Technologies: A Case Study of a Business Community in Manhattan....Pages 325-335
Community Risk Perception: A Pilot Study....Pages 337-344
Sources of Correlation of Expert Opinion — A Pilot Study....Pages 345-353
Why Good Risk Analysts have Trouble with Public Communications-A Quantitative Analysis....Pages 355-363
Time Budget Analysis and Risk Management: Estimating the Probabilities of the Event Schedules of American Adults....Pages 365-374
Information Utilization in the Formulation of Hazardous Waste Facility Siting Regulations: A Method of Research for Organizational Learning....Pages 375-381
Public Judgment of an Environmental Health Hazard: Two Studies of the ASARCO Smelter....Pages 383-398
Risk Assessment and Risk Management: A Survey of Recent Models....Pages 399-406
Economic Theory of Compensation Rule Design for Probabilistic Injuries....Pages 407-420
Right to Know and Behavioral Responses to Hazard Warnings....Pages 421-427
Measuring Benefits for Air Quality from Survey Data....Pages 429-437
The Value of Life Saving: Lessons from the Cigarette Market....Pages 439-452
Valuing Food Safety....Pages 453-465
The Cochran-Armitage Test for Trends or Thresholds in Proportions....Pages 467-479
Development of the Non-Dimensional Method of Ranking Risks....Pages 481-490
Developing Risk Estimates for Toxic Air Pollutants through Probabilistic Risk Assessment....Pages 491-498
The Hazard Meter: A Conceptual Heuristic Tool of Risk Assessment....Pages 499-507
Decision Analysis Models for Risks in the Distant Future....Pages 509-518
Toxic Effluents: A Simplified Procedure for Assessing Human Health Risks....Pages 519-528
Dealing with Uncertainty about Risk in Risk Management....Pages 529-536
Dealing with Uncertainty in Risk Regulation....Pages 537-542
Towards Cost-Effective Methods for Reducing Uncertainty in Environmental Health Decision Processes....Pages 543-553
Prioritizing Health Risk Assessments....Pages 555-561
A Discussion of Some of the Problems Encountered in Communicating Risk Assessments to Decision Makers....Pages 563-572
Communicating Information to Risk Managers: The Interactive Phase....Pages 573-580
The Use of Risk Comparison to Aid the Communication and Interpretation of the Risk Analyses for Regulatory Decision Making....Pages 581-607
Towards an Acceptable Criterion of Acceptable Risk....Pages 609-617
Risk Management in the U.S. and Japan: A Comparative Perspective....Pages 619-631
Risk Evaluation of Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites Using Fuzzy Set Analysis....Pages 633-641
On the Evolution of Risk Assessment and Risk Management and the Future Needs....Pages 643-648
Bhopal Disaster and Risk Analysis: The Significance of the Bhopal Disaster to Risk Analysis At Any Other Chemical Plant (Safety Expenditure with Capital Rationing)....Pages 649-656
Enhancing Risk Management by Focusing on the Local Level: An Integrated Approach....Pages 657-664
The Importance of Community Context in Effective Risk Management....Pages 665-676
The Relationship between Risk Management Intervenors and the Community....Pages 677-685
Citizens’ Knowledge, Beliefs and Actions Regarding Chemical Contamination of Drinking Water....Pages 687-695
Incorporating Technical Information and Community Goals into Risk Management Decision Related to Groundwater....Pages 697-702
Policy Consideration in the Selection of National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for the Tacoma Smelter....Pages 703-708
Framework for Acid Deposition Decision Making....Pages 709-717
A Comparative Analysis of Air Pollution Standard-Setting and Regulatory Procedures in the United States and West Germany....Pages 719-725
Back Matter....Pages 727-734
....Pages 735-740