Ebook: The Analysis of Actual Versus Perceived Risks

In 1980, a group of scientists from national laboratories, universities, and other research organizations gathered informally in a series of meetings to consider the state of research on risks to health, safety, and the environment. Each scientist had conducted research on the subject. All felt that the traditional disciplines and professional societies to which they belonged were neither ade­ quate nor appropriate for addressing the extraordinarily complex problems of assessing the risks inherent in modern society. The con­ sensus of the group was that a new society was needed to address these problems in a scientific and objective way. From these initial meetings, the Society for Risk Analysis was formed The major aims of the Society for Risk Analysis, as stated in its constitution, are • to promote knowledge and understanding of risk analysis techniques and their applications; • to promote communication and interaction among those engaged in risk analysis; and • to disseminate risk analysis information and promote the advancement of all aspects of risk analysis. Members of the Society are drawn from a variety of disciplines, including the health sciences, engineering, the physical sciences, the humanities, and the behavioral and social sciences. An import­ ant function of the Society is the annual meeting, at which var­ ious aspects of risk analysis are discussed. The first annual meet­ ing, represented by this volume, was the International Workshop on the Analysis of Actual vs.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-ix
Effectiveness of Automobile Passenger Restraints....Pages 1-10
Public Perception and Behavior in Relation to Vehicle Passenger Restraints....Pages 11-20
Motor Vehicle Occupant Restraint Policy....Pages 21-47
Summary of Panel Discussion and Commentary....Pages 49-67
The Assessment of Nuclear Risks: Some Experiences from the Swedish Energy Commission....Pages 69-80
Nuclear Power Plant: West German Management of Risk — A Problem Analysis....Pages 81-99
Coping with the Risks of Nuclear Power Plants in the United Kingdom....Pages 101-128
Risk Assessment Following Crisis in the United States: The Kemeny Commission....Pages 129-156
Role of Risk in Treating Advanced Lung Cancer....Pages 157-167
Cigarette Smoke : Cancer Risk at Low Doses....Pages 169-174
Perceiving the Risks of Low-Yield Ventilated-Filter Cigarettes: The Problem of Hole-Blocking....Pages 175-182
Reactions to Perceived Risk: Changes in the Behavior of Cigarette Smokers....Pages 183-201
Perceived vs. Actual Risks: The Problem of Multiple Confounding....Pages 203-212
The Public Perception of Risk....Pages 213-224
Impact of the Three Mile Island Accident as Perceived by Those Living in the Surrounding Community....Pages 225-233
“The Public” Vs. “The Experts”: Perceived Vs. Actual Disagreements About Risks of Nuclear Power....Pages 235-249
Coping with Nuclear Power Risks: A National Strategy....Pages 251-257
Health Impact of Toxic Wastes: Estimation of Risk....Pages 259-265
Perception of Risk: A Journalist’s Perspective....Pages 267-271
Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone as a Result of Human Activities....Pages 273-280
To Risk of Human Skin Cancer....Pages 281-302
Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone: Impact of UV-B Radiation upon Nonhuman Organisms....Pages 303-315
Chairman’s Summary....Pages 317-321
Panel Discussion....Pages 323-350
Back Matter....Pages 351-377

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-ix
Effectiveness of Automobile Passenger Restraints....Pages 1-10
Public Perception and Behavior in Relation to Vehicle Passenger Restraints....Pages 11-20
Motor Vehicle Occupant Restraint Policy....Pages 21-47
Summary of Panel Discussion and Commentary....Pages 49-67
The Assessment of Nuclear Risks: Some Experiences from the Swedish Energy Commission....Pages 69-80
Nuclear Power Plant: West German Management of Risk — A Problem Analysis....Pages 81-99
Coping with the Risks of Nuclear Power Plants in the United Kingdom....Pages 101-128
Risk Assessment Following Crisis in the United States: The Kemeny Commission....Pages 129-156
Role of Risk in Treating Advanced Lung Cancer....Pages 157-167
Cigarette Smoke : Cancer Risk at Low Doses....Pages 169-174
Perceiving the Risks of Low-Yield Ventilated-Filter Cigarettes: The Problem of Hole-Blocking....Pages 175-182
Reactions to Perceived Risk: Changes in the Behavior of Cigarette Smokers....Pages 183-201
Perceived vs. Actual Risks: The Problem of Multiple Confounding....Pages 203-212
The Public Perception of Risk....Pages 213-224
Impact of the Three Mile Island Accident as Perceived by Those Living in the Surrounding Community....Pages 225-233
“The Public” Vs. “The Experts”: Perceived Vs. Actual Disagreements About Risks of Nuclear Power....Pages 235-249
Coping with Nuclear Power Risks: A National Strategy....Pages 251-257
Health Impact of Toxic Wastes: Estimation of Risk....Pages 259-265
Perception of Risk: A Journalist’s Perspective....Pages 267-271
Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone as a Result of Human Activities....Pages 273-280
To Risk of Human Skin Cancer....Pages 281-302
Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone: Impact of UV-B Radiation upon Nonhuman Organisms....Pages 303-315
Chairman’s Summary....Pages 317-321
Panel Discussion....Pages 323-350
Back Matter....Pages 351-377
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