Ebook: Innovation Policy in a Knowledge-Based Economy: Theory and Practice

Patrick Llerena and Mireille Matt BETA, Strasbourg, E-mail: pllerena@coumot. u-strasbg. fr BETA, Strasbourg, E-mail: matt@coumot. u-strasbg. fr 0. 1 Why Analyze Innovation Policies From a Knowledge- Based Perspective? It is broadly accepted that we have moved (or are moving) to a knowled- based economy, characterized at least by two main features: that knowl­ edge is a major factor in economic growth, and innovation processes are systemic by nature. It is not surprising that this change in the economic paradigm requires new analytical foundations for innovation policies. One of the purposes of this book is to make suggestions as to what they should include. Underpinning all the chapters in this book is a conviction of the impor­ tance of dynamic and systemic approaches to innovation policy. Nelson (1959)^ and Arrow (1962)^ saw innovation and the creation of new knowl­ edge as the emergence and the diffusion of new information, characterized essentially as a public good. The more recent theoretical literature regarded the rationale for innovation policies as being to provide solutions to "mar­ ket failures". Today, however, knowledge is seen as multidimensional (tacit vs. codified) and open to interpretation. Acknowledging that the creation, coordination and diffusion of knowledge are dynamic and cumu­ lative processes, and that innovation processes result from the coordination of distributed knowledge, renders the "market failure" view of innovation policies obsolete. Innovation policies must be systemic and dynamic.

---

The main underlining conviction, throughout the book, is the importance of dynamical and systemic approaches to innovation policies. The first part of the book provides the theoretical background for the subsequent more empirical contributions. In the second part, a series of three papers analyse each the development or diffusion of a specific technology developed in the frame of a procurement policy. They explain the success of mission-oriented policies (the development of digital switching systems in the telecom sector, the development of high-speed trains in Germany and the diffusion of military technologies). The three papers contained in the third part explore the impact of incentive tools (R&D tax credits, R&D cooperative agreements and university-industry relations) on the innovation potentialities of firms and of economic systems (regions). The chapters in the last part of the book are all based around the question of how is it possible to design an innovation policy, applicable throughout Europe, bearing in mind the diversity of innovation behaviours and strategies.

---

The main underlining conviction, throughout the book, is the importance of dynamical and systemic approaches to innovation policies. The first part of the book provides the theoretical background for the subsequent more empirical contributions. In the second part, a series of three papers analyse each the development or diffusion of a specific technology developed in the frame of a procurement policy. They explain the success of mission-oriented policies (the development of digital switching systems in the telecom sector, the development of high-speed trains in Germany and the diffusion of military technologies). The three papers contained in the third part explore the impact of incentive tools (R&D tax credits, R&D cooperative agreements and university-industry relations) on the innovation potentialities of firms and of economic systems (regions). The chapters in the last part of the book are all based around the question of how is it possible to design an innovation policy, applicable throughout Europe, bearing in mind the diversity of innovation behaviours and strategies.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XI
From Economic Foundations to S&T Policy Tools: a Comparative Analysis of the Dominant Paradigms....Pages 17-45
Systems Failure and the Case for Innovation Policy....Pages 47-74
Technology Policy in the Knowledge-Based Economy....Pages 75-112
Technology Policy and A-Synchronic Technologies: The Case of German High-Speed Trains....Pages 115-134
Institutional Arrangements of Technology Policy and Management of Diversity: the Case of Digital Switching System in France and in Italy....Pages 135-159
A Study of Military Innovation Diffusion Based on Two Case Studies....Pages 161-189
University-Industry Relationships and Regional Innovation Systems: Analysis of the French Procedure Cifre....Pages 193-219
Research and Development Tax Incentives: a Comparative Analysis of Various National Mechanisms....Pages 221-250
Twenty Years of Evaluation with the BETA Method: Some Insights on Current Collaborative ST&I Policy Issues....Pages 251-281
The Organizational Specificities of Brite-Euram Collaborative Projects: Micro-Analysis and Policy Implications....Pages 285-318
How International are National (and European) Science and Technology Policies?....Pages 319-337
Universities Specificities and the Emergence of a Global Model of University: how to Manage These Contradictory Realities....Pages 339-359
Introduction....Pages 1-14
Back Matter....Pages 361-362

---

The main underlining conviction, throughout the book, is the importance of dynamical and systemic approaches to innovation policies. The first part of the book provides the theoretical background for the subsequent more empirical contributions. In the second part, a series of three papers analyse each the development or diffusion of a specific technology developed in the frame of a procurement policy. They explain the success of mission-oriented policies (the development of digital switching systems in the telecom sector, the development of high-speed trains in Germany and the diffusion of military technologies). The three papers contained in the third part explore the impact of incentive tools (R&D tax credits, R&D cooperative agreements and university-industry relations) on the innovation potentialities of firms and of economic systems (regions). The chapters in the last part of the book are all based around the question of how is it possible to design an innovation policy, applicable throughout Europe, bearing in mind the diversity of innovation behaviours and strategies.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XI
From Economic Foundations to S&T Policy Tools: a Comparative Analysis of the Dominant Paradigms....Pages 17-45
Systems Failure and the Case for Innovation Policy....Pages 47-74
Technology Policy in the Knowledge-Based Economy....Pages 75-112
Technology Policy and A-Synchronic Technologies: The Case of German High-Speed Trains....Pages 115-134
Institutional Arrangements of Technology Policy and Management of Diversity: the Case of Digital Switching System in France and in Italy....Pages 135-159
A Study of Military Innovation Diffusion Based on Two Case Studies....Pages 161-189
University-Industry Relationships and Regional Innovation Systems: Analysis of the French Procedure Cifre....Pages 193-219
Research and Development Tax Incentives: a Comparative Analysis of Various National Mechanisms....Pages 221-250
Twenty Years of Evaluation with the BETA Method: Some Insights on Current Collaborative ST&I Policy Issues....Pages 251-281
The Organizational Specificities of Brite-Euram Collaborative Projects: Micro-Analysis and Policy Implications....Pages 285-318
How International are National (and European) Science and Technology Policies?....Pages 319-337
Universities Specificities and the Emergence of a Global Model of University: how to Manage These Contradictory Realities....Pages 339-359
Introduction....Pages 1-14
Back Matter....Pages 361-362
....