Ebook: Structure and Physics of Viruses: An Integrated Textbook

This book contemplates the structure, dynamics and physics of virus particles: From the moment they come into existence by self-assembly from viral components produced in the infected cell, through their extracellular stage, until they recognise and infect a new host cell and cease to exist by losing their physical integrity to start a new infectious cycle. (Bio)physical techniques used to study the structure of virus particles and components, and some applications of structure-based studies of viruses are also contemplated. This book is aimed first at M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers with a university degree in biology, chemistry, physics or related scientific disciplines who share an interest or are actually working on viruses. We have aimed also at providing an updated account of many important concepts, techniques, studies and applications in structural and physical virology for established scientists working on viruses, irrespective of their physical, chemical or biological background and their field of expertise. We have not attempted to provide a collection of for-experts-only reviews focused mainly on the latest research in specific topics; we have not generally assumed that the reader knows all of the jargon and all but the most recent and advanced results in each topic dealt with in this book. In short, we have attempted to write a book basic enough to be useful to M.Sc and Ph.D. students, as well as advanced and current enough to be useful to senior scientists with an interest in Structural and/or Physical Virology.

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Structural Virology is today an all-important scientific discipline that permeates most other virological disciplines. The application of physical and physicochemical techniques has led to the determination of the high-resolution molecular structures of many viruses. The interplay of this approach with biochemical and biological approaches has allowed the elucidation of the structural basis of viral function in unprecedented detail. In addition, in the last years theoretical and experimental physicists have begun to tackle a fundamental physics-based approach to study different aspects of the architecture, self-assembly and material properties of virus particles. A new term, Physical Virology, has recently been coined to encompass these and related studies. This approach is beginning to merge with long-standing structural virology approaches to provide a renewed and richer view on viruses, as well as further advances in the fight against viral disease and the applications of viruses in biotechnology and nanotechnology.

Structure and Physics of Viruses is an interdisciplinary textbook in which the rapidly expanding fields of structural and physical virology are dealt with in an integrated way. The authors have attempted to write a book basic enough to be useful to students, as well as advanced and current enough to be useful to senior scientists. This book is aimed first at M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers with a university degree in biology, chemistry, physics or related sciences who share an interest or are actually working on viruses. It is aimed also at providing an updated account of many important concepts, techniques, studies and applications in structural and physical virology for established scientists working on viruses, irrespective of their physical, chemical or biological background and their field of expertise.

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Structural Virology is today an all-important scientific discipline that permeates most other virological disciplines. The application of physical and physicochemical techniques has led to the determination of the high-resolution molecular structures of many viruses. The interplay of this approach with biochemical and biological approaches has allowed the elucidation of the structural basis of viral function in unprecedented detail. In addition, in the last years theoretical and experimental physicists have begun to tackle a fundamental physics-based approach to study different aspects of the architecture, self-assembly and material properties of virus particles. A new term, Physical Virology, has recently been coined to encompass these and related studies. This approach is beginning to merge with long-standing structural virology approaches to provide a renewed and richer view on viruses, as well as further advances in the fight against viral disease and the applications of viruses in biotechnology and nanotechnology.

Structure and Physics of Viruses is an interdisciplinary textbook in which the rapidly expanding fields of structural and physical virology are dealt with in an integrated way. The authors have attempted to write a book basic enough to be useful to students, as well as advanced and current enough to be useful to senior scientists. This book is aimed first at M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers with a university degree in biology, chemistry, physics or related sciences who share an interest or are actually working on viruses. It is aimed also at providing an updated account of many important concepts, techniques, studies and applications in structural and physical virology for established scientists working on viruses, irrespective of their physical, chemical or biological background and their field of expertise.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xix
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Introduction: The Structural Basis of Virus Function....Pages 3-51
The Basic Architecture of Viruses....Pages 53-75
Front Matter....Pages 77-77
Conventional Electron Microscopy, Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Cryo-Electron Tomography of Viruses....Pages 79-115
X-Ray Crystallography of Viruses....Pages 117-144
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Study Virus Structure....Pages 145-176
Fluorescence, Circular Dichroism and Mass Spectrometry as Tools to Study Virus Structure....Pages 177-202
Combined Approaches to Study Virus Structures....Pages 203-246
Atomic Force Microscopy of Viruses....Pages 247-271
Optical Tweezers to Study Viruses....Pages 273-304
Front Matter....Pages 305-305
Assembly of Simple Icosahedral Viruses....Pages 307-328
Structure and Assembly of Complex Viruses....Pages 329-360
Nucleic Acid Packaging in Viruses....Pages 361-394
Virus Maturation....Pages 395-415
Virus Morphogenesis in the Cell: Methods and Observations....Pages 417-440
Virus-Receptor Interactions and Receptor-Mediated Virus Entry into Host Cells....Pages 441-466
Entry of Enveloped Viruses into Host Cells: Membrane Fusion....Pages 467-487
Bacteriophage Receptor Recognition and Nucleic Acid Transfer....Pages 489-518
Mechanical Properties of Viruses....Pages 519-551
Theoretical Studies on Assembly, Physical Stability and Dynamics of Viruses....Pages 553-595
Front Matter....Pages 597-597
Antiviral Agents: Structural Basis of Action and Rational Design....Pages 599-630
Front Matter....Pages 597-597
Design of Novel Vaccines Based on Virus-Like Particles or Chimeric Virions....Pages 631-665
Nanoscale Science and Technology with Plant Viruses and Bacteriophages....Pages 667-702
Back Matter....Pages 703-728

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Structural Virology is today an all-important scientific discipline that permeates most other virological disciplines. The application of physical and physicochemical techniques has led to the determination of the high-resolution molecular structures of many viruses. The interplay of this approach with biochemical and biological approaches has allowed the elucidation of the structural basis of viral function in unprecedented detail. In addition, in the last years theoretical and experimental physicists have begun to tackle a fundamental physics-based approach to study different aspects of the architecture, self-assembly and material properties of virus particles. A new term, Physical Virology, has recently been coined to encompass these and related studies. This approach is beginning to merge with long-standing structural virology approaches to provide a renewed and richer view on viruses, as well as further advances in the fight against viral disease and the applications of viruses in biotechnology and nanotechnology.

Structure and Physics of Viruses is an interdisciplinary textbook in which the rapidly expanding fields of structural and physical virology are dealt with in an integrated way. The authors have attempted to write a book basic enough to be useful to students, as well as advanced and current enough to be useful to senior scientists. This book is aimed first at M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers with a university degree in biology, chemistry, physics or related sciences who share an interest or are actually working on viruses. It is aimed also at providing an updated account of many important concepts, techniques, studies and applications in structural and physical virology for established scientists working on viruses, irrespective of their physical, chemical or biological background and their field of expertise.

Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xix
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Introduction: The Structural Basis of Virus Function....Pages 3-51
The Basic Architecture of Viruses....Pages 53-75
Front Matter....Pages 77-77
Conventional Electron Microscopy, Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Cryo-Electron Tomography of Viruses....Pages 79-115
X-Ray Crystallography of Viruses....Pages 117-144
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Study Virus Structure....Pages 145-176
Fluorescence, Circular Dichroism and Mass Spectrometry as Tools to Study Virus Structure....Pages 177-202
Combined Approaches to Study Virus Structures....Pages 203-246
Atomic Force Microscopy of Viruses....Pages 247-271
Optical Tweezers to Study Viruses....Pages 273-304
Front Matter....Pages 305-305
Assembly of Simple Icosahedral Viruses....Pages 307-328
Structure and Assembly of Complex Viruses....Pages 329-360
Nucleic Acid Packaging in Viruses....Pages 361-394
Virus Maturation....Pages 395-415
Virus Morphogenesis in the Cell: Methods and Observations....Pages 417-440
Virus-Receptor Interactions and Receptor-Mediated Virus Entry into Host Cells....Pages 441-466
Entry of Enveloped Viruses into Host Cells: Membrane Fusion....Pages 467-487
Bacteriophage Receptor Recognition and Nucleic Acid Transfer....Pages 489-518
Mechanical Properties of Viruses....Pages 519-551
Theoretical Studies on Assembly, Physical Stability and Dynamics of Viruses....Pages 553-595
Front Matter....Pages 597-597
Antiviral Agents: Structural Basis of Action and Rational Design....Pages 599-630
Front Matter....Pages 597-597
Design of Novel Vaccines Based on Virus-Like Particles or Chimeric Virions....Pages 631-665
Nanoscale Science and Technology with Plant Viruses and Bacteriophages....Pages 667-702
Back Matter....Pages 703-728
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