Ebook: The Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar Medium: Proceedings of the First ISSI Workshop 6–10 November 1995, Bern, Switzerland

In summary, we can conclude that the contributions of the different ionization processes to the total ionization rate for the most abundant interstellar species are basically known. The ionization of the noble gases He and Ne is almost completely dominated by photoionization, whereas for H charge-exchange with the solar wind is most important. For other species, such as 0 and Ar, both processes contribute significantly. Electron impact ionization can typically contribute by '" 10% to the total rate in the inner Solar System. Because direct measurements of the solar EUV flux are not yet continuously available, the variation of the ionization rate over the solar cycle still contains a relatively large uncertainty. The recent measurements of pickup ion distributions and of the neutral helium gas provide an independent tool to determine the total ionization rate that can be used to cross calibrate with the results obtained for the individual ionization processes. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to M. Allen for supplying us with new data on photoioniza­ tion cross-sections compiled by him. We thank also M. Gruntman for drawing our attention to and support in collecting the most recent data on charge-exchange cross-sections. D. R. was supported by grant No. 2 P03C. 004. 09 from the Com­ mittee for Scientific Research (Poland). This work was also supported in part through NASA contract NAS7-918, NSF Grant INT-911637, NASA Grant NAGW- 2579.

---

This volume gives a comprehensive and integrated overview of current knowledge about the local interstellar medium (LISM) surrounding our heliosphere (HS). It is the result of the first workshop at ISSI, where both space physicists and astronomers presented and discussed their views on the density, velocity, temperature, composition, and morphology of the LISM and how it interacts with the HS. The volume is unique in its combination of data obtained by remote UV, EUV, and X-ray observations outside the HS with in situ observations of interstellar atoms, ions, and dust inside the HS. It thus demonstrates a new synergy between these two communities. The book is intended to provide active researchers in space physics and in astronomy with an up-to-date status report of its topic, and also to furnish the advanced graduate student with introductory material into the field.

---

This volume gives a comprehensive and integrated overview of current knowledge about the local interstellar medium (LISM) surrounding our heliosphere (HS). It is the result of the first workshop at ISSI, where both space physicists and astronomers presented and discussed their views on the density, velocity, temperature, composition, and morphology of the LISM and how it interacts with the HS. The volume is unique in its combination of data obtained by remote UV, EUV, and X-ray observations outside the HS with in situ observations of interstellar atoms, ions, and dust inside the HS. It thus demonstrates a new synergy between these two communities. The book is intended to provide active researchers in space physics and in astronomy with an up-to-date status report of its topic, and also to furnish the advanced graduate student with introductory material into the field.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
Science as an Adventure....Pages 1-5
Front Matter....Pages 7-7
The Heliosphere....Pages 9-14
The Heliospheric Magnetic Field....Pages 15-28
The Solar Wind: A Turbulent Magnetohydrodynamic Medium....Pages 29-32
Voyager Observations of the Magnetic Field, Interstellar Pickup Ions and Solar Wind in the Distant Heliosphere....Pages 33-42
Origin of C+ Ions in the Heliosphere....Pages 43-52
Radio Emissions from the Outer Heliosphere....Pages 53-66
A Summary of Solar Wind Observations at High Latitudes: Ulysses....Pages 67-72
Ionization Processes in the Heliosphere — Rates and Methods of Their Determination....Pages 73-84
3-D Magnetic Field and Current System in the Heliosphere....Pages 85-94
Modelling the Heliosphere....Pages 95-106
Front Matter....Pages 107-107
The Termination Shock of the Solar Wind....Pages 109-116
Composition of Anomalous Cosmic Rays and Implications for the Heliosphere....Pages 117-128
Implications of a Weak Termination Shock....Pages 129-136
The Acceleration of Pickup Ions....Pages 137-148
The Isotopic Composition of Anomalous Cosmic Rays from Sampex....Pages 149-154
Front Matter....Pages 155-155
GHRS Observations of the LISM....Pages 157-164
In Situ Measurements of Interstellar Dust with the Ulysses and Galileo Spaceprobes....Pages 165-172
The Local Bubble....Pages 173-182
The Local Bubble....Pages 183-198
Front Matter....Pages 155-155
The Interstellar Gas Flow Through the Heliospheric Interface Region....Pages 199-212
LISM Structure — Fragmented Superbubble Shell?....Pages 213-222
Relative Ionizations in the Nearest Interstellar Gas....Pages 223-228
Properties of the Interstellar Gas Inside the Heliosphere....Pages 229-238
Local Clouds: Distribution, Density and Kinematics Through Ground-Based and HST Spectroscopy....Pages 239-246
Possible Shock Wave in the Local Interstellar Plasma, Very Close to the Heliosphere....Pages 247-258
Interstellar Grains in the Solar System: Requirements for an Analysis....Pages 259-264
Modelling of the Interstellar Hydrogen Distribution in the Heliosphere....Pages 265-276
Observations of the Local Interstellar Medium with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer....Pages 277-288
Recent Results on the Parameters of the Interstellar Helium from the Ulysses/Gas Experiment....Pages 289-296
Front Matter....Pages 297-297
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the ISM Inside and Outside the Heliosphere....Pages 299-304
Axisymmetric Self-Consistent Model of the Solar Wind Interaction with the LISM: Basic Results and Possible Ways of Development....Pages 305-316
UV Studies and the Solar Wind....Pages 317-328
Quasilinear Relaxation of Pickup Interstellar Ions....Pages 329-334
The Abundance of Atomic 1H, 4He and 3He in the Local Interstellar Cloud from Pickup Ion Observations with SWICS on Ulysses....Pages 335-346
Physics of Interplanetary and Interstellar Dust....Pages 347-360
Relations Between ISM Inside and Outside the Heliosphere....Pages 361-374
The Local Interstellar Medium Viewed Through Pickup Ions, Recent Results and Future Perspectives....Pages 375-386
Moment Equation Description of Interstellar Hydrogen....Pages 387-392
Pickup Protons in the Heliosphere....Pages 393-398
Back Matter....Pages 399-399

---

This volume gives a comprehensive and integrated overview of current knowledge about the local interstellar medium (LISM) surrounding our heliosphere (HS). It is the result of the first workshop at ISSI, where both space physicists and astronomers presented and discussed their views on the density, velocity, temperature, composition, and morphology of the LISM and how it interacts with the HS. The volume is unique in its combination of data obtained by remote UV, EUV, and X-ray observations outside the HS with in situ observations of interstellar atoms, ions, and dust inside the HS. It thus demonstrates a new synergy between these two communities. The book is intended to provide active researchers in space physics and in astronomy with an up-to-date status report of its topic, and also to furnish the advanced graduate student with introductory material into the field.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
Science as an Adventure....Pages 1-5
Front Matter....Pages 7-7
The Heliosphere....Pages 9-14
The Heliospheric Magnetic Field....Pages 15-28
The Solar Wind: A Turbulent Magnetohydrodynamic Medium....Pages 29-32
Voyager Observations of the Magnetic Field, Interstellar Pickup Ions and Solar Wind in the Distant Heliosphere....Pages 33-42
Origin of C+ Ions in the Heliosphere....Pages 43-52
Radio Emissions from the Outer Heliosphere....Pages 53-66
A Summary of Solar Wind Observations at High Latitudes: Ulysses....Pages 67-72
Ionization Processes in the Heliosphere — Rates and Methods of Their Determination....Pages 73-84
3-D Magnetic Field and Current System in the Heliosphere....Pages 85-94
Modelling the Heliosphere....Pages 95-106
Front Matter....Pages 107-107
The Termination Shock of the Solar Wind....Pages 109-116
Composition of Anomalous Cosmic Rays and Implications for the Heliosphere....Pages 117-128
Implications of a Weak Termination Shock....Pages 129-136
The Acceleration of Pickup Ions....Pages 137-148
The Isotopic Composition of Anomalous Cosmic Rays from Sampex....Pages 149-154
Front Matter....Pages 155-155
GHRS Observations of the LISM....Pages 157-164
In Situ Measurements of Interstellar Dust with the Ulysses and Galileo Spaceprobes....Pages 165-172
The Local Bubble....Pages 173-182
The Local Bubble....Pages 183-198
Front Matter....Pages 155-155
The Interstellar Gas Flow Through the Heliospheric Interface Region....Pages 199-212
LISM Structure — Fragmented Superbubble Shell?....Pages 213-222
Relative Ionizations in the Nearest Interstellar Gas....Pages 223-228
Properties of the Interstellar Gas Inside the Heliosphere....Pages 229-238
Local Clouds: Distribution, Density and Kinematics Through Ground-Based and HST Spectroscopy....Pages 239-246
Possible Shock Wave in the Local Interstellar Plasma, Very Close to the Heliosphere....Pages 247-258
Interstellar Grains in the Solar System: Requirements for an Analysis....Pages 259-264
Modelling of the Interstellar Hydrogen Distribution in the Heliosphere....Pages 265-276
Observations of the Local Interstellar Medium with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer....Pages 277-288
Recent Results on the Parameters of the Interstellar Helium from the Ulysses/Gas Experiment....Pages 289-296
Front Matter....Pages 297-297
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the ISM Inside and Outside the Heliosphere....Pages 299-304
Axisymmetric Self-Consistent Model of the Solar Wind Interaction with the LISM: Basic Results and Possible Ways of Development....Pages 305-316
UV Studies and the Solar Wind....Pages 317-328
Quasilinear Relaxation of Pickup Interstellar Ions....Pages 329-334
The Abundance of Atomic 1H, 4He and 3He in the Local Interstellar Cloud from Pickup Ion Observations with SWICS on Ulysses....Pages 335-346
Physics of Interplanetary and Interstellar Dust....Pages 347-360
Relations Between ISM Inside and Outside the Heliosphere....Pages 361-374
The Local Interstellar Medium Viewed Through Pickup Ions, Recent Results and Future Perspectives....Pages 375-386
Moment Equation Description of Interstellar Hydrogen....Pages 387-392
Pickup Protons in the Heliosphere....Pages 393-398
Back Matter....Pages 399-399
....