Ebook: Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors

This book of proceedings collects the papers presented at the Workshop on Diagnostics for ITER, held at Villa Monastero, Varenna (Italy), from August 28 to September 1, 1995. The Workshop was organised by the International School of Plasma Physics "Piero Caldirola. " Established in 1971, the ISPP has organised over fifty advanced courses and workshops on topics mainly related to plasma physics. In particular, courses and workshops on plasma diagnostics (previously held in 1975, 1978, 1982, 1986, and 1991) can be considered milestones in the history of this institution. Looking back at the proceedings of the previous meetings in Varenna, one can appreciate the rapid progress in the field of plasma diagnostics over the past 20 years. The 1995 workshop was co-organised by the Istituto di Fisica del Plasma of the National Research Council (CNR). In contrast to previous Varenna meetings on diagnostics, which have covered diagnostics in present-day tokamaks and which have had a substantial tutorial component, the 1995 workshop concentrated specifically on the problems and challenges of ITER diagnostics. ITER (the International Thennonuclear Experimental Reactor, a joint venture of Europe, Japan, Russia, and the United States, presently under design) will need to measure a wide range of plasma parameters in order to reach and sustain high levels of fusion power. A list of the measurement requirements together with the parameter ranges, target measurement resolutions, and accuracies provides the starting point for selecting a list of candidate diagnostic systems.

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The ITER Project: The ITER Device; R.R. Parker, et al. The ITER Diagnostic Program; K.M. Young, et al. Requirements for ITER Diagnostics; A.E. Costley, et al. ITER Plasma Diagnostics Generic Access; C.I. Walker, L. de Kock. Radiation Hardening of Diagnostic Components; D.V. Orlinskij. Imitation of Fusion Reactor Environment Effects on the Inner Elements of Spectroscopical, mm and Submm Diagnostics; V.S. Voitsenya, et al.Magnetic Diagnostics: Overview of Magnetic Diagnostics Planned for ITER; L. de Kock, et al. Magnetic Equilibrium Reconstruction Techniques for Tokamak Reactors; E.Lazzaro. Fast and Accurate Methods of Plasma Boundary Determination in ITER from External Magnetic Measurements; Yu.K. Kuznetsov, I.V. Yasin.Reflectometry and ECE: Comparison of Different Reflectometry Techniques; C. Laviron. ReflectometryApplications to ITER; E.J. Doyle,et al. Reflectometry for ITER Density Profiles; M. Manso, et al. Proposal of Reflectometry System for ITER; V.A. Vershkov. ICRF Physics Measurements by Reflectometry; A. Mase, et al.Interferometry,Polarimetry and Thomson Scattering: Advantages and Limitations of Microwave Diagnostics in ITER; A.J.H. Donne, B.C. Schokker. Application of Interferometry and Faraday Rotation Techniques for Density Measurements on ITER; R.T. Snider, et al. Development of Dual CO₂ Laser Interferometer for Large Tokamak; A. Nagashima, etal. Infrared Laser Diagnostics for ITER; D.P. Hutchinson, et al. A Thomson Scattering Scheme for Obtaining T_e and n_e Profiles of the ITER Core Plasma; C. Gowers, et al.Spectroscopy: Active Spectroscopic Diagnostics for ITER Utilizing Neutral Beams; E.S. Marmar. Spectroscopy for Impurity Control in ITER; N.J. Peacock,et al. Development of Luminescent Detectors for Hot Plasmas; B. Zurro,et al. Multilayer Mirror Based Monitors for Impurity Controls in ITER; S.P. Regan, et al. Feasibility of Quantitative Spectroscopy on ITER; M.G. von Hellermann et al.Fusion Products: Fusion Product Measurements in DT Plasmas in TFTR; L.C. Johnson, et al. DT Neutron Measurements and Experience on TFTR; C.W. Barne, et al. A Neutron Camera for ITER: Conceptual Design; F.B. Marcus, et al. Neutron Spectrometry for ITER; J. Källne, et al. Advanced Neutron Camera with Spectrometer Functions; E. Traneus, et al.Divertor Diagnostics: Divertor Diagnosticsfor JET; P.R. Thomas, et al. Spectroscopy of Divertor Plasmas; R.C. Isler. Bolometry for Divertor Characterization and Control; A.W. Leonard, et al. Bolometer for ITER; R. Reichle, etal. Neutral Gas Diagnostic for ITER; G. Haas, et al.Diagnostics ofOther Fusion Experiments: Overview of W7X Diagnostics; J.V. Hofmann,et al. Diagnostics for LHD; J. Fujita, et al. The T15 Fusion Products Study: Plans and Diagnostics; V.S. Zaveriaev, et al. 41 additional articles. Index.

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The ITER Project: The ITER Device; R.R. Parker, et al. The ITER Diagnostic Program; K.M. Young, et al. Requirements for ITER Diagnostics; A.E. Costley, et al. ITER Plasma Diagnostics Generic Access; C.I. Walker, L. de Kock. Radiation Hardening of Diagnostic Components; D.V. Orlinskij. Imitation of Fusion Reactor Environment Effects on the Inner Elements of Spectroscopical, mm and Submm Diagnostics; V.S. Voitsenya, et al.Magnetic Diagnostics: Overview of Magnetic Diagnostics Planned for ITER; L. de Kock, et al. Magnetic Equilibrium Reconstruction Techniques for Tokamak Reactors; E.Lazzaro. Fast and Accurate Methods of Plasma Boundary Determination in ITER from External Magnetic Measurements; Yu.K. Kuznetsov, I.V. Yasin.Reflectometry and ECE: Comparison of Different Reflectometry Techniques; C. Laviron. ReflectometryApplications to ITER; E.J. Doyle,et al. Reflectometry for ITER Density Profiles; M. Manso, et al. Proposal of Reflectometry System for ITER; V.A. Vershkov. ICRF Physics Measurements by Reflectometry; A. Mase, et al.Interferometry,Polarimetry and Thomson Scattering: Advantages and Limitations of Microwave Diagnostics in ITER; A.J.H. Donne, B.C. Schokker. Application of Interferometry and Faraday Rotation Techniques for Density Measurements on ITER; R.T. Snider, et al. Development of Dual CO₂ Laser Interferometer for Large Tokamak; A. Nagashima, etal. Infrared Laser Diagnostics for ITER; D.P. Hutchinson, et al. A Thomson Scattering Scheme for Obtaining T_e and n_e Profiles of the ITER Core Plasma; C. Gowers, et al.Spectroscopy: Active Spectroscopic Diagnostics for ITER Utilizing Neutral Beams; E.S. Marmar. Spectroscopy for Impurity Control in ITER; N.J. Peacock,et al. Development of Luminescent Detectors for Hot Plasmas; B. Zurro,et al. Multilayer Mirror Based Monitors for Impurity Controls in ITER; S.P. Regan, et al. Feasibility of Quantitative Spectroscopy on ITER; M.G. von Hellermann et al.Fusion Products: Fusion Product Measurements in DT Plasmas in TFTR; L.C. Johnson, et al. DT Neutron Measurements and Experience on TFTR; C.W. Barne, et al. A Neutron Camera for ITER: Conceptual Design; F.B. Marcus, et al. Neutron Spectrometry for ITER; J. Källne, et al. Advanced Neutron Camera with Spectrometer Functions; E. Traneus, et al.Divertor Diagnostics: Divertor Diagnosticsfor JET; P.R. Thomas, et al. Spectroscopy of Divertor Plasmas; R.C. Isler. Bolometry for Divertor Characterization and Control; A.W. Leonard, et al. Bolometer for ITER; R. Reichle, etal. Neutral Gas Diagnostic for ITER; G. Haas, et al.Diagnostics ofOther Fusion Experiments: Overview of W7X Diagnostics; J.V. Hofmann,et al. Diagnostics for LHD; J. Fujita, et al. The T15 Fusion Products Study: Plans and Diagnostics; V.S. Zaveriaev, et al. 41 additional articles. Index.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiii
The ITER Device....Pages 1-11
The ITER Diagnostic Programme....Pages 13-22
Requirements for ITER Diagnostics....Pages 23-37
ITER Plasma Diagnostics Generic Access....Pages 39-49
Radiation Hardening of Diagnostic Components....Pages 51-60
Imitation of Fusion Reactor Environment Effects on the Inner Elements of Spectroscopical, MM and Sub-MM Diagnostics....Pages 61-70
Overview of Magnetic Diagnostics Planned for ITER....Pages 71-81
Magnetic Equilibrium Reconstruction Techniques for Tokamak Reactors....Pages 83-95
Fast and Accurate Methods of Plasma Boundary Determination in ITER from External Magnetic Measurements....Pages 97-101
A Hybrid Magnetic Probe for Steady State Magnetic Field Measurements....Pages 103-106
Comparison of Different Reflectometry Techniques....Pages 107-116
Reflectometry Applications to ITER....Pages 117-132
Reflectometry for ITER Density Profiles....Pages 133-142
Proposal of Reflectometry System for ITER....Pages 143-152
ICRF Physics Measurements by Reflectometry....Pages 153-162
ITER Relevant Reflectometry Developments on DIII-D....Pages 163-166
Status of the RTP Pulsed-Radar Reflectometer and Prospects for ITER....Pages 167-170
Millimeter-Wave Diagnostic Systems for ITER....Pages 171-174
Experimental Results of Amplitude Modulation Reflectometry on High Density Tokamak Plasmas....Pages 175-178
Two Dimensional Effects of Turbulence on Density Profile Measurements by Reflectometry....Pages 179-182
Physics Issues of ECE and ECA for ITER....Pages 183-192
ECE Diagnostic on ITER....Pages 193-196
Instrumentation of ECE for ITER....Pages 197-206
Rotating Reflector Spectrometers for ECE Diagnostic in Large Fusion Devices....Pages 207-210
Multimode Light Collection Systems for ECE Diagnostics....Pages 211-214
Advantages and Limitations of Microwave Diagnostics in ITER....Pages 215-224
Application of Interferometry and Faraday Rotation Techniques for Density Measurements on ITER....Pages 225-233
Development of Dual CO2 Laser Interferometer for Large Tokamak....Pages 235-243
Infrared Laser Diagnostics for ITER....Pages 245-248
A Thomson Scattering Scheme for Obtaining Te and ne Profiles of the ITER Core Plasma....Pages 249-258
The Concept of ITER Divertor Plasma Diagnostics by Means of LIDAR Technique....Pages 259-268
Thomson Scattering at the Edge of ITER....Pages 269-279
Active Spectroscopic Diagnostics for ITER Utilizing Neutral Beams....Pages 281-290
Spectroscopy for Impurity Control in ITER....Pages 291-305
Edge nT/nD by Two-Photon Induced Ly-? Fluorescence....Pages 307-310
Development of Luminescent Detectors for Hot Plasmas....Pages 311-314
Multilayer Mirror Based Monitors for Impurity Controls in ITER....Pages 315-319
Feasibility of Quantitative Spectroscopy on ITER....Pages 321-330
Laser-Induced Fluorescence....Pages 331-340
Concepts and Requirements for ITER X-Ray Diagnostics....Pages 341-351
Applications of X-Ray Spectroscopy to ITER....Pages 353-364
Diamond Detector Based SXR Array for ITER....Pages 365-368
Fusion Product Measurements in D-T Plasmas in TFTR....Pages 369-378
DT Neutron Measurements and Experience on TFTR....Pages 379-383
A Neutron Camera for ITER: Conceptual Design....Pages 385-395
Neutron Spectrometry for ITER....Pages 397-406
Advanced Neutron Camera with Spectrometer Functions....Pages 407-412
The MPR Neutron Spectrometer Project....Pages 413-416
The MPR Neutron Diagnostic at Jet — An ITER Prototype Study....Pages 417-420
Detailed Ion Temperature Information from the Neutron Emission Spectrum....Pages 421-424
Neutron Spectrometers for ITER....Pages 425-434
Diamond Detector Based DT Neutron Spectrometer for ITER....Pages 435-444
Ion Temperature Profile Measurements by Means of Neutron Spectroscopy....Pages 445-450
Scintillating Fibre Neutron Spectrometer....Pages 451-454
Neutron Image System to Measure Neutron Profile of ITER Plasma....Pages 455-458
ITER Plasma Position and Power Determination from Neutron Measurements....Pages 459-462
ITER Gamma Diagnostics: 2-D Neutron and Gamma Camera....Pages 463-466
Alpha-Physics and Measurement Requirements for ITER....Pages 467-476
Initial Operation of an ITER Compatible Lost Alpha Detector at JET....Pages 477-484
ITER Alpha Particle Diagnostics Using Knock-On Ion Tails....Pages 485-494
Charge-Exchange (C-X) Diagnostics of Fast Confined Alphas: Present Situation and Prospects for ITER....Pages 495-503
A Diagnostic He0 Beam for ITER and LHD....Pages 505-508
Alpha Slowdown Measurement for ITER....Pages 509-512
Collective Thomson Scattering Diagnostic of Confined Alpha Particle Distributions in ITER....Pages 513-526
Review of Possibilities for a Collective Thomson Scattering System on ITER....Pages 527-530
Divertor Diagnostics for JET....Pages 531-540
Spectroscopy of Divertor Plasmas....Pages 541-548
Bolometry for Divertor Characterization and Control....Pages 549-557
Bolometer for ITER....Pages 559-570
Neutral Gas Diagnostic for ITER....Pages 571-579
Optical Surface Temperature Measurement....Pages 581-589
Langmuir Probes and Optical Diagnostics for the ITER Divertor....Pages 591-594
Laser Diagnostics of Hydrogen and Helium Atoms in a Divertor Region....Pages 595-598
Thermal Helium Beam for Diagnostic of Electron Density and Temperature....Pages 599-602
A Rad-Hard, Steady-State, Digital Imaging Bolometer System for ITER....Pages 603-606
Overview of W7-X Diagnostics....Pages 607-616
Diagnostics for LHD....Pages 617-623
The T-15 Fusion Products Study: Plans and Diagnostics....Pages 625-633
Back Matter....Pages 635-638

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The ITER Project: The ITER Device; R.R. Parker, et al. The ITER Diagnostic Program; K.M. Young, et al. Requirements for ITER Diagnostics; A.E. Costley, et al. ITER Plasma Diagnostics Generic Access; C.I. Walker, L. de Kock. Radiation Hardening of Diagnostic Components; D.V. Orlinskij. Imitation of Fusion Reactor Environment Effects on the Inner Elements of Spectroscopical, mm and Submm Diagnostics; V.S. Voitsenya, et al.Magnetic Diagnostics: Overview of Magnetic Diagnostics Planned for ITER; L. de Kock, et al. Magnetic Equilibrium Reconstruction Techniques for Tokamak Reactors; E.Lazzaro. Fast and Accurate Methods of Plasma Boundary Determination in ITER from External Magnetic Measurements; Yu.K. Kuznetsov, I.V. Yasin.Reflectometry and ECE: Comparison of Different Reflectometry Techniques; C. Laviron. ReflectometryApplications to ITER; E.J. Doyle,et al. Reflectometry for ITER Density Profiles; M. Manso, et al. Proposal of Reflectometry System for ITER; V.A. Vershkov. ICRF Physics Measurements by Reflectometry; A. Mase, et al.Interferometry,Polarimetry and Thomson Scattering: Advantages and Limitations of Microwave Diagnostics in ITER; A.J.H. Donne, B.C. Schokker. Application of Interferometry and Faraday Rotation Techniques for Density Measurements on ITER; R.T. Snider, et al. Development of Dual CO₂ Laser Interferometer for Large Tokamak; A. Nagashima, etal. Infrared Laser Diagnostics for ITER; D.P. Hutchinson, et al. A Thomson Scattering Scheme for Obtaining T_e and n_e Profiles of the ITER Core Plasma; C. Gowers, et al.Spectroscopy: Active Spectroscopic Diagnostics for ITER Utilizing Neutral Beams; E.S. Marmar. Spectroscopy for Impurity Control in ITER; N.J. Peacock,et al. Development of Luminescent Detectors for Hot Plasmas; B. Zurro,et al. Multilayer Mirror Based Monitors for Impurity Controls in ITER; S.P. Regan, et al. Feasibility of Quantitative Spectroscopy on ITER; M.G. von Hellermann et al.Fusion Products: Fusion Product Measurements in DT Plasmas in TFTR; L.C. Johnson, et al. DT Neutron Measurements and Experience on TFTR; C.W. Barne, et al. A Neutron Camera for ITER: Conceptual Design; F.B. Marcus, et al. Neutron Spectrometry for ITER; J. Källne, et al. Advanced Neutron Camera with Spectrometer Functions; E. Traneus, et al.Divertor Diagnostics: Divertor Diagnosticsfor JET; P.R. Thomas, et al. Spectroscopy of Divertor Plasmas; R.C. Isler. Bolometry for Divertor Characterization and Control; A.W. Leonard, et al. Bolometer for ITER; R. Reichle, etal. Neutral Gas Diagnostic for ITER; G. Haas, et al.Diagnostics ofOther Fusion Experiments: Overview of W7X Diagnostics; J.V. Hofmann,et al. Diagnostics for LHD; J. Fujita, et al. The T15 Fusion Products Study: Plans and Diagnostics; V.S. Zaveriaev, et al. 41 additional articles. Index.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiii
The ITER Device....Pages 1-11
The ITER Diagnostic Programme....Pages 13-22
Requirements for ITER Diagnostics....Pages 23-37
ITER Plasma Diagnostics Generic Access....Pages 39-49
Radiation Hardening of Diagnostic Components....Pages 51-60
Imitation of Fusion Reactor Environment Effects on the Inner Elements of Spectroscopical, MM and Sub-MM Diagnostics....Pages 61-70
Overview of Magnetic Diagnostics Planned for ITER....Pages 71-81
Magnetic Equilibrium Reconstruction Techniques for Tokamak Reactors....Pages 83-95
Fast and Accurate Methods of Plasma Boundary Determination in ITER from External Magnetic Measurements....Pages 97-101
A Hybrid Magnetic Probe for Steady State Magnetic Field Measurements....Pages 103-106
Comparison of Different Reflectometry Techniques....Pages 107-116
Reflectometry Applications to ITER....Pages 117-132
Reflectometry for ITER Density Profiles....Pages 133-142
Proposal of Reflectometry System for ITER....Pages 143-152
ICRF Physics Measurements by Reflectometry....Pages 153-162
ITER Relevant Reflectometry Developments on DIII-D....Pages 163-166
Status of the RTP Pulsed-Radar Reflectometer and Prospects for ITER....Pages 167-170
Millimeter-Wave Diagnostic Systems for ITER....Pages 171-174
Experimental Results of Amplitude Modulation Reflectometry on High Density Tokamak Plasmas....Pages 175-178
Two Dimensional Effects of Turbulence on Density Profile Measurements by Reflectometry....Pages 179-182
Physics Issues of ECE and ECA for ITER....Pages 183-192
ECE Diagnostic on ITER....Pages 193-196
Instrumentation of ECE for ITER....Pages 197-206
Rotating Reflector Spectrometers for ECE Diagnostic in Large Fusion Devices....Pages 207-210
Multimode Light Collection Systems for ECE Diagnostics....Pages 211-214
Advantages and Limitations of Microwave Diagnostics in ITER....Pages 215-224
Application of Interferometry and Faraday Rotation Techniques for Density Measurements on ITER....Pages 225-233
Development of Dual CO2 Laser Interferometer for Large Tokamak....Pages 235-243
Infrared Laser Diagnostics for ITER....Pages 245-248
A Thomson Scattering Scheme for Obtaining Te and ne Profiles of the ITER Core Plasma....Pages 249-258
The Concept of ITER Divertor Plasma Diagnostics by Means of LIDAR Technique....Pages 259-268
Thomson Scattering at the Edge of ITER....Pages 269-279
Active Spectroscopic Diagnostics for ITER Utilizing Neutral Beams....Pages 281-290
Spectroscopy for Impurity Control in ITER....Pages 291-305
Edge nT/nD by Two-Photon Induced Ly-? Fluorescence....Pages 307-310
Development of Luminescent Detectors for Hot Plasmas....Pages 311-314
Multilayer Mirror Based Monitors for Impurity Controls in ITER....Pages 315-319
Feasibility of Quantitative Spectroscopy on ITER....Pages 321-330
Laser-Induced Fluorescence....Pages 331-340
Concepts and Requirements for ITER X-Ray Diagnostics....Pages 341-351
Applications of X-Ray Spectroscopy to ITER....Pages 353-364
Diamond Detector Based SXR Array for ITER....Pages 365-368
Fusion Product Measurements in D-T Plasmas in TFTR....Pages 369-378
DT Neutron Measurements and Experience on TFTR....Pages 379-383
A Neutron Camera for ITER: Conceptual Design....Pages 385-395
Neutron Spectrometry for ITER....Pages 397-406
Advanced Neutron Camera with Spectrometer Functions....Pages 407-412
The MPR Neutron Spectrometer Project....Pages 413-416
The MPR Neutron Diagnostic at Jet — An ITER Prototype Study....Pages 417-420
Detailed Ion Temperature Information from the Neutron Emission Spectrum....Pages 421-424
Neutron Spectrometers for ITER....Pages 425-434
Diamond Detector Based DT Neutron Spectrometer for ITER....Pages 435-444
Ion Temperature Profile Measurements by Means of Neutron Spectroscopy....Pages 445-450
Scintillating Fibre Neutron Spectrometer....Pages 451-454
Neutron Image System to Measure Neutron Profile of ITER Plasma....Pages 455-458
ITER Plasma Position and Power Determination from Neutron Measurements....Pages 459-462
ITER Gamma Diagnostics: 2-D Neutron and Gamma Camera....Pages 463-466
Alpha-Physics and Measurement Requirements for ITER....Pages 467-476
Initial Operation of an ITER Compatible Lost Alpha Detector at JET....Pages 477-484
ITER Alpha Particle Diagnostics Using Knock-On Ion Tails....Pages 485-494
Charge-Exchange (C-X) Diagnostics of Fast Confined Alphas: Present Situation and Prospects for ITER....Pages 495-503
A Diagnostic He0 Beam for ITER and LHD....Pages 505-508
Alpha Slowdown Measurement for ITER....Pages 509-512
Collective Thomson Scattering Diagnostic of Confined Alpha Particle Distributions in ITER....Pages 513-526
Review of Possibilities for a Collective Thomson Scattering System on ITER....Pages 527-530
Divertor Diagnostics for JET....Pages 531-540
Spectroscopy of Divertor Plasmas....Pages 541-548
Bolometry for Divertor Characterization and Control....Pages 549-557
Bolometer for ITER....Pages 559-570
Neutral Gas Diagnostic for ITER....Pages 571-579
Optical Surface Temperature Measurement....Pages 581-589
Langmuir Probes and Optical Diagnostics for the ITER Divertor....Pages 591-594
Laser Diagnostics of Hydrogen and Helium Atoms in a Divertor Region....Pages 595-598
Thermal Helium Beam for Diagnostic of Electron Density and Temperature....Pages 599-602
A Rad-Hard, Steady-State, Digital Imaging Bolometer System for ITER....Pages 603-606
Overview of W7-X Diagnostics....Pages 607-616
Diagnostics for LHD....Pages 617-623
The T-15 Fusion Products Study: Plans and Diagnostics....Pages 625-633
Back Matter....Pages 635-638
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