Ebook: Fatigue: Neural and Muscular Mechanisms

This volume describes the current state of our knowledge on the neurobiology of muscle fatigue, with consideration also given to selected integrative cardiorespiratory mechanisms. Our charge to the authors of the various chapters was twofold: to provide a systematic review of the topic that could serve as a balanced reference text for practicing health-care professionals, teaching faculty, and pre-and postdoctoral trainees in the biomedi­ cal sciences; and to stimulate further experimental and theoretical work on neurobiology. Key issues are addressed in nine interrelated areas: fatigue of single muscle fibers, fatigue at the neuromuscular junction, fatigue of single motor units, metabolic fatigue studied with nuclear magnetic resonance, fatigue of the segmental motor system, fatigue involving suprasegmental mechanisms, the task dependency of fatigue mechanisms, integrative (largely cardiorespiratory) systems issues, and fatigue of adapted systems (due to aging, under-and overuse, and pathophysiology). The product is a volume that provides compre­ of processes that operate from the forebrain to the contractile proteins.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
Looking Back....Pages 1-9
The Scientific Contributions of Brenda Bigland-Ritchie....Pages 11-25
Front Matter....Pages 27-28
Myofibrillar Fatigue versus Failure of Activation....Pages 29-43
Mechanisms of Excitation-Contraction Coupling Relevant to Skeletal Muscle Fatigue....Pages 45-56
The Role of Intracellular Acidosis in Muscle Fatigue....Pages 57-68
Role of Interstitial Potassium....Pages 69-80
Front Matter....Pages 81-82
Fatigue at the Neuromuscular Junction....Pages 83-100
The Role of the Sarcolemma Action Potential in Fatigue....Pages 101-108
Single Fiber Electromyography in Studies of Neuromuscular Function....Pages 109-119
Front Matter....Pages 121-122
Intrinsic Properties of Motoneurons....Pages 123-134
Neuromuscular Frequency-Coding and Fatigue....Pages 135-145
Human Motor Units Studied by Spike-Triggered Averaging and Intraneural Motor Axon Stimulation....Pages 147-160
Human Motor Units Studied by Intramuscular Microstimulation....Pages 161-171
Front Matter....Pages 173-174
Bioenergetics and Muscle Cell Types....Pages 175-184
Metabolic Correlates of Fatigue from Different Types of Exercise in Man....Pages 185-194
Mechanisms of Human Muscle Fatigue....Pages 195-210
Emerging Opportunities with NMR....Pages 211-223
Front Matter....Pages 225-226
Variable-Frequency Stimulation Patterns for the Optimization of Force During Muscle Fatigue....Pages 227-240
Overview: Potential Role of Segmental Motor Circuitry in Muscle Fatigue....Pages 241-258
The Fusimotor System....Pages 259-270
Front Matter....Pages 225-226
Role of Muscle Afferents in the Inhibition of Motoneurons During Fatigue....Pages 271-278
Front Matter....Pages 279-280
Central Fatigue....Pages 281-294
Single-Trial Readiness Potentials and Fatigue....Pages 295-304
The Senses of Effort and Force During Fatiguing Contractions....Pages 305-313
Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and a Possible Explanation for Central Fatigue....Pages 315-320
Front Matter....Pages 321-322
The Significance of Motor Unit Variability in Sustaining Mechanical Output of Muscle....Pages 323-338
Intramuscular Pressures for Monitoring Different Tasks and Muscle Conditions....Pages 339-350
Task-Dependent Nature of Fatigue in Single Motor Units....Pages 351-360
Task-Dependent Factors in Fatigue of Human Voluntary Contractions....Pages 361-380
Front Matter....Pages 381-382
Fatigue and the Design of the Respiratory System....Pages 383-391
An Integrative View of Limitations to Muscular Performance....Pages 393-399
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue....Pages 401-414
Fatigue of Jaw Muscles and Speech Mechanisms....Pages 415-426
Front Matter....Pages 427-428
Fatigue in Adapted Systems....Pages 429-456
Associations Between Muscle Soreness, Damage, and Fatigue....Pages 457-469
Muscle Fatigue in Old Animals....Pages 471-480
Historical Perspective: A Framework for Interpreting Pathobiological Ideas on Human Muscle Fatigue....Pages 481-494
Fatigue Brought on by Malfunction of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems....Pages 495-512
Front Matter....Pages 513-513
Neurobiology of Muscle Fatigue....Pages 515-525
Back Matter....Pages 527-541

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
Looking Back....Pages 1-9
The Scientific Contributions of Brenda Bigland-Ritchie....Pages 11-25
Front Matter....Pages 27-28
Myofibrillar Fatigue versus Failure of Activation....Pages 29-43
Mechanisms of Excitation-Contraction Coupling Relevant to Skeletal Muscle Fatigue....Pages 45-56
The Role of Intracellular Acidosis in Muscle Fatigue....Pages 57-68
Role of Interstitial Potassium....Pages 69-80
Front Matter....Pages 81-82
Fatigue at the Neuromuscular Junction....Pages 83-100
The Role of the Sarcolemma Action Potential in Fatigue....Pages 101-108
Single Fiber Electromyography in Studies of Neuromuscular Function....Pages 109-119
Front Matter....Pages 121-122
Intrinsic Properties of Motoneurons....Pages 123-134
Neuromuscular Frequency-Coding and Fatigue....Pages 135-145
Human Motor Units Studied by Spike-Triggered Averaging and Intraneural Motor Axon Stimulation....Pages 147-160
Human Motor Units Studied by Intramuscular Microstimulation....Pages 161-171
Front Matter....Pages 173-174
Bioenergetics and Muscle Cell Types....Pages 175-184
Metabolic Correlates of Fatigue from Different Types of Exercise in Man....Pages 185-194
Mechanisms of Human Muscle Fatigue....Pages 195-210
Emerging Opportunities with NMR....Pages 211-223
Front Matter....Pages 225-226
Variable-Frequency Stimulation Patterns for the Optimization of Force During Muscle Fatigue....Pages 227-240
Overview: Potential Role of Segmental Motor Circuitry in Muscle Fatigue....Pages 241-258
The Fusimotor System....Pages 259-270
Front Matter....Pages 225-226
Role of Muscle Afferents in the Inhibition of Motoneurons During Fatigue....Pages 271-278
Front Matter....Pages 279-280
Central Fatigue....Pages 281-294
Single-Trial Readiness Potentials and Fatigue....Pages 295-304
The Senses of Effort and Force During Fatiguing Contractions....Pages 305-313
Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and a Possible Explanation for Central Fatigue....Pages 315-320
Front Matter....Pages 321-322
The Significance of Motor Unit Variability in Sustaining Mechanical Output of Muscle....Pages 323-338
Intramuscular Pressures for Monitoring Different Tasks and Muscle Conditions....Pages 339-350
Task-Dependent Nature of Fatigue in Single Motor Units....Pages 351-360
Task-Dependent Factors in Fatigue of Human Voluntary Contractions....Pages 361-380
Front Matter....Pages 381-382
Fatigue and the Design of the Respiratory System....Pages 383-391
An Integrative View of Limitations to Muscular Performance....Pages 393-399
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue....Pages 401-414
Fatigue of Jaw Muscles and Speech Mechanisms....Pages 415-426
Front Matter....Pages 427-428
Fatigue in Adapted Systems....Pages 429-456
Associations Between Muscle Soreness, Damage, and Fatigue....Pages 457-469
Muscle Fatigue in Old Animals....Pages 471-480
Historical Perspective: A Framework for Interpreting Pathobiological Ideas on Human Muscle Fatigue....Pages 481-494
Fatigue Brought on by Malfunction of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems....Pages 495-512
Front Matter....Pages 513-513
Neurobiology of Muscle Fatigue....Pages 515-525
Back Matter....Pages 527-541
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