Ebook: Ion Flux in Pulmonary Vascular Control

6 Ions can pass through a single membrane channel at a rate of 10 ions/second. Over the last decade the ability to measure ion flux so precisely and to document the opening and closing of individual ion channels has provided a powerful tool to those working on smooth muscle physiology and vascular reactivity. The use of potassium channel blockers by Tom Lloyd in the 1960s and calcium channel blockers by Ivan McMurtry in the 1970s indicated the importance of ion flux in regulating pulmonary vascular tone. Recent advances in technology. principally the patch-clamp technique and fluorescent ion-sensitive dyes. now permit a more detailed description of physiologic mechanisms. This volume arises from the Sixth Grover Conference on the Pulmonary Circulation. a NATO Advanced Research Workshop. held in Colorado in October 1992. A group of international sCientists who are leaders in the field of ion flux focused their attention on the problems of the pulmonary vasculature. The chapters in this book describe the present state of knowledge of the movement and storage of ions in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Those who are not familiar with the techniques of patch clamping and calcium imaging will find an introduction to these methods in the chapters by Leblanc and Wan and Archer et al. The role of potassium channels in oxygen sensing illustrates the rapid progress which the study of ion currents has made possible.

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Introduction: Pulmonary Hypertension:; N.F. Voelkel.Calcium Controlin Smooth Muscle: Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells; J.M. Quayle, M.T. Nelson. Role of Calcium ATPases in Pulmonary Vascular Reactivity; I.S. Farrukh, J.R. Michael.Potassium Channels in Vascular Smooth Muscle: Electrophysiological Actions of Extracellular ATP Application; C.D. Benham. The Effect of Prostacyclin Analogs on Vascular K Channels; G. Siegel, et al.Potassium Channels and Oxygen Sensing: Potassium Channel Modulated by Hypoxia and the Redox Status in Glomus Cells of the Carotid Body; A.R.Benot, et al.Ion Flux in Vascular Endothelial Cells: The Importance of Calcium in the Regulation of EDRF Synthesis in the Pulmonary Vasculature; S.L. Archer, et al.Therapy of Pulmonary Hypertension: Role of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide in Perinatal Pulmonary Vasoregulation; S.H. Abman, et al. 16 additional articles. Index.

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Introduction: Pulmonary Hypertension:; N.F. Voelkel.Calcium Controlin Smooth Muscle: Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells; J.M. Quayle, M.T. Nelson. Role of Calcium ATPases in Pulmonary Vascular Reactivity; I.S. Farrukh, J.R. Michael.Potassium Channels in Vascular Smooth Muscle: Electrophysiological Actions of Extracellular ATP Application; C.D. Benham. The Effect of Prostacyclin Analogs on Vascular K Channels; G. Siegel, et al.Potassium Channels and Oxygen Sensing: Potassium Channel Modulated by Hypoxia and the Redox Status in Glomus Cells of the Carotid Body; A.R.Benot, et al.Ion Flux in Vascular Endothelial Cells: The Importance of Calcium in the Regulation of EDRF Synthesis in the Pulmonary Vasculature; S.L. Archer, et al.Therapy of Pulmonary Hypertension: Role of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide in Perinatal Pulmonary Vasoregulation; S.H. Abman, et al. 16 additional articles. Index.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-ix
Pulmonary Hypertension: From Phenomenology to a Molecular Understanding of Disease Mechanisms....Pages 1-14
The Electrophysiology of Smooth Muscle Cells and Techniques for Studying Ion Channels....Pages 15-39
Calcium Channels in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells....Pages 41-47
Interactions of Intracellular Ca2+ Pools in Vascular Smooth Muscle....Pages 49-56
Na-Ca Exchange in Isolated Coronary Myocytes: A Study Combining Voltage Clamp and Ca2+ Fluorometry....Pages 57-66
Role of Calcium ATPases in Pulmonary Vascular Reactivity....Pages 67-75
Fast Na+ Current and Ca2+ Currents in Smooth Muscles....Pages 77-104
Influence of Physical and Environmental Factors on Ion Channels in Arterial Muscle....Pages 105-110
Potassium Channels Activated by Calcium Released from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Vascular Smooth Muscles....Pages 111-127
ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Pulmonary Vasculature....Pages 129-139
Electrophysiological Actions of Extracellular ATP Application....Pages 141-148
An ATP-Activated Potassium Channel in Smooth Muscle Cells from the Pulmonary Artery....Pages 149-157
The Effect of Prostacyclin Analogs on Vascular K Channels....Pages 159-176
Potassium Channel Modulated by Hypoxia and the Redox Status in Glomus Cells of the Carotid Body....Pages 177-187
Redox Regulation of K+ Channels and Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction....Pages 189-204
The Sodium Gradient, Potassium Channels, and Regulation of Calcium in Pulmonary and Mesenteric Arterial Smooth Muscles: Effects of Hypoxia....Pages 205-222
The Importance of Calcium in the Regulation of EDRF Synthesis in the Pulmonary Vasculature....Pages 223-245
The Role of Ion Channels in Vascular Endothelium....Pages 247-257
Calcium Signalling in Vascular Endothelial Cells: Ca2+ Entry and Release....Pages 259-275
Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Vascular Endothelial Cells....Pages 277-285
Membrane Hyperpolarization as a Mechanism of Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation....Pages 287-296
The Interaction between Flow-Induced Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation: A Mechanism for Setting the Level of Vascular Tone....Pages 297-315
Correlation of Acute Prostacyclin Response in Primary (Unexplained) Pulmonary Hypertension with Efficacy of Treatment with Calcium Channel Blockers and Survival....Pages 317-330
Role of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide in Perinatal Pulmonary Vasoregulation....Pages 331-344
Back Matter....Pages 345-347

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Introduction: Pulmonary Hypertension:; N.F. Voelkel.Calcium Controlin Smooth Muscle: Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells; J.M. Quayle, M.T. Nelson. Role of Calcium ATPases in Pulmonary Vascular Reactivity; I.S. Farrukh, J.R. Michael.Potassium Channels in Vascular Smooth Muscle: Electrophysiological Actions of Extracellular ATP Application; C.D. Benham. The Effect of Prostacyclin Analogs on Vascular K Channels; G. Siegel, et al.Potassium Channels and Oxygen Sensing: Potassium Channel Modulated by Hypoxia and the Redox Status in Glomus Cells of the Carotid Body; A.R.Benot, et al.Ion Flux in Vascular Endothelial Cells: The Importance of Calcium in the Regulation of EDRF Synthesis in the Pulmonary Vasculature; S.L. Archer, et al.Therapy of Pulmonary Hypertension: Role of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide in Perinatal Pulmonary Vasoregulation; S.H. Abman, et al. 16 additional articles. Index.
Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-ix
Pulmonary Hypertension: From Phenomenology to a Molecular Understanding of Disease Mechanisms....Pages 1-14
The Electrophysiology of Smooth Muscle Cells and Techniques for Studying Ion Channels....Pages 15-39
Calcium Channels in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells....Pages 41-47
Interactions of Intracellular Ca2+ Pools in Vascular Smooth Muscle....Pages 49-56
Na-Ca Exchange in Isolated Coronary Myocytes: A Study Combining Voltage Clamp and Ca2+ Fluorometry....Pages 57-66
Role of Calcium ATPases in Pulmonary Vascular Reactivity....Pages 67-75
Fast Na+ Current and Ca2+ Currents in Smooth Muscles....Pages 77-104
Influence of Physical and Environmental Factors on Ion Channels in Arterial Muscle....Pages 105-110
Potassium Channels Activated by Calcium Released from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Vascular Smooth Muscles....Pages 111-127
ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Pulmonary Vasculature....Pages 129-139
Electrophysiological Actions of Extracellular ATP Application....Pages 141-148
An ATP-Activated Potassium Channel in Smooth Muscle Cells from the Pulmonary Artery....Pages 149-157
The Effect of Prostacyclin Analogs on Vascular K Channels....Pages 159-176
Potassium Channel Modulated by Hypoxia and the Redox Status in Glomus Cells of the Carotid Body....Pages 177-187
Redox Regulation of K+ Channels and Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction....Pages 189-204
The Sodium Gradient, Potassium Channels, and Regulation of Calcium in Pulmonary and Mesenteric Arterial Smooth Muscles: Effects of Hypoxia....Pages 205-222
The Importance of Calcium in the Regulation of EDRF Synthesis in the Pulmonary Vasculature....Pages 223-245
The Role of Ion Channels in Vascular Endothelium....Pages 247-257
Calcium Signalling in Vascular Endothelial Cells: Ca2+ Entry and Release....Pages 259-275
Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Vascular Endothelial Cells....Pages 277-285
Membrane Hyperpolarization as a Mechanism of Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation....Pages 287-296
The Interaction between Flow-Induced Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation: A Mechanism for Setting the Level of Vascular Tone....Pages 297-315
Correlation of Acute Prostacyclin Response in Primary (Unexplained) Pulmonary Hypertension with Efficacy of Treatment with Calcium Channel Blockers and Survival....Pages 317-330
Role of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide in Perinatal Pulmonary Vasoregulation....Pages 331-344
Back Matter....Pages 345-347
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