Ebook: Taurine: Nutritional Value and Mechanisms of Action

The underlying philosophy of these two symposia on taurine remains the same as all those that have been held previously: the best way to remain current in the subject matter is to talk directly with the investigators at the forefront of the field. Thus, we brought together some 50 individuals from 11 different countries who have keen interests and active research programs in the many-faceted areas of taurine research. The meetings were held on October 8-10, 1991, in an elegant setting in a resort area at Orange Beach, Alabama, approximately 50 miles outside of Mobile on the Gulf Coast. The meetings were programmed as two separate Symposia held sequentially. The first symposia on October 8 was devoted exclusively to taurine research in the cat, primarily in the area of nutrition, and entitled "The Waltham Symposium on Taurine and Cat Nutrition". The second symposia on October 9 and 10 was open to all fields of taurine research and was entitled "International Taurine Symposium: New Dimensions on its Mechanisms of Actions". If the philosophy of these meetings was to bring both experts and novices together in a discussion and presentation of current taurine research, then the major purpose of the Proceedings is to document the current research efforts and to present an objective summary of where the taurine field stands today and where the focus will be in the future.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xvii
Review: Taurine Deficiency and the Cat....Pages 1-5
Amino Acid Interaction with Taurine Metabolism in Cats....Pages 7-14
The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Cysteic Acid on the Plasma Taurine Concentration of Cats Maintained on a Taurine-Restricted Diet....Pages 15-22
The Metabolic Basis for the Taurine Requirement of Cats....Pages 23-32
Intestinal Taurine and the Enterohepatic Circulation of Taurocholic Acid in the Cat....Pages 33-44
Urinary Excretion of Taurine as a Function of Taurine Intake: Potential for Estimating Taurine Bioavailability in the Adult Cat....Pages 45-54
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Domestic Cat: Relationship to Diet and Myocardial Taurine Content....Pages 55-62
Reduction of Intrinsic Contractile Function of the Left Ventricle by Taurine Deficiency in Cats....Pages 63-73
“Activation” of Alveolar Leukocytes Isolated From Cats Fed Taurine-Free Diets....Pages 75-81
High Dietary Taurine and Feline Reproduction....Pages 83-90
Taurine Distribution in the Cat Muscle: An Immunohistochemical Study....Pages 91-98
Review: Myocardial Physiological Effects of Taurine and Their Significance....Pages 99-104
Sarcolemmal Actions of Taurine Linked to Altered Phospholipid N-Methylation....Pages 105-120
Taurine Effects on Ionic Currents in Myocardial Cells....Pages 121-128
Taurine Attenuates Contracture Induced by Perfusion with Low Sodium, High Calcium Medium in Chick Hearts....Pages 129-143
Effect of Taurine on Intracellular Calcium Dynamics of Cultured Myocardial Cells During the Calcium Paradox....Pages 145-152
Intracellular Effects of Taurine: Studies on Skinned Cardiac Preparations....Pages 153-161
Effects of Taurine Deficiency on Arrhythmogenesis and Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Tissue....Pages 163-172
Taurine Potentiates the Antiaggregatory Action of Aspirin and Indomethacin....Pages 173-179
Antiarrhythmic Action of Taurine....Pages 181-186
Mechanism Underlying Physiological Modulation of Myocardial Contraction by Taurine....Pages 187-192
Effects of Taurine Depletion on Membrane Electrical Properties of Rat Skeletal Muscle....Pages 193-198
Regression of Taurine Depletion in Rhesus Monkeys Deprived of Dietary Taurine throughout the First Year....Pages 199-205
Taurine Transport in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex during Development and Ageing....Pages 207-214
Phospholipids, Phospholipid Methylation and Taurine Content in Synaptosomes of Developing Rat Brain....Pages 215-220
The Effect of Taurine on the Age-Related Decline of the Immune Response in Mice: the Restorative Effect on the T Cellproliferative Response to Costimulation with Ionomycin and Phorbol Myristate Acetate....Pages 221-228
Effects of Taurine Deficiency on Immune Function in Mice....Pages 229-239
Review: Recent Studies on Taurine in the Central Nervous System....Pages 241-243
Pathologies of the CNS and Associated Taurine Changes....Pages 245-251
Taurine Receptor: Kinetic Analysis and Pharmacological Studies....Pages 253-261
Evoked Endogenous Taurine Release from Cultured Cerebellar Neurons....Pages 263-268
Effect of Hepes on the Uptake of Taurine by Cultured Nervous Cells....Pages 269-276
The Trophic Role of Taurine in the Retina. A Possible Mechanism of Action....Pages 277-285
Endogenous Regulation of the Taurine Receptor....Pages 287-294
Localization of Taurine and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Human Optic Nerve Using Immunocytochemical Techniques....Pages 295-301
Effects of Taurine on Protein Phosphorylation in Mammalian Tissues....Pages 303-307
Taurine Protection of Lungs in Hamster Models of Oxidant Injury: A Morphologic Time Study of Paraquat and Bleomycin Treatment....Pages 309-318
Taurine and Niacin Offer a Novel Therapeutic Modality in Prevention of Chemically-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Hamsters....Pages 319-328
Taurine Protects Against Oxidant Injury to Rat Alveolar Pneumocytes....Pages 329-340
The Protective Effect of Taurine on the Biomembrane Against Damage Produced by the Oxygen Radical....Pages 341-354
Volume Regulatory Fluxes in Glial and Renal Cells....Pages 355-359
Cell Volume Changes and Taurine Release in Cerebral Cortical Slices....Pages 361-368
L-Glutamate-Induced Swelling of Cultured Astrocytes....Pages 369-374
Taurine and Volume Regulation in Isolated Nerve Endings....Pages 375-380
Hyperosmolarity and Taurine Content, Uptake and Release in Astrocytes....Pages 381-384
GABA and Taurine Serve as Respectively a Neurotransmitter and an Osmolyte in Cultured Cerebral Cortical Neurons....Pages 385-389
Potassium-Stimulated Release of Taurine in a Crude Retinal Preparation Obtained from the Rat is Calcium Independent....Pages 391-397
Characteristics of Taurine Transport in Cultured Renal Epithelial Cell Lines: Asymmetric Polarity of Proximal and Distal Cell Lines....Pages 399-404
Metabolism of Cysteine to Taurine by Rat Hepatocytes....Pages 405-411
Recent Developments in Assays for Taurine, Hypotaurine and Some Metabolic Precursors....Pages 413-421
Characteristics of Taurine Transport in Cultured Renal Epithelial Cell Lines: Asymmetric Polarity of Proximal and Distal Cell Lines....Pages 423-428
Metabolism of Cysteine to Taurine by Rat Hepatocytes....Pages 405-411
Recent Developments in Assays for Taurine, Hypotaurine and Some Metabolic Precursors....Pages 413-421
Anion-Exchange HPLC of Taurine, Cysteinesulfinate and Cysteic Acid....Pages 423-428
Hypotaurine in Male Reproduction....Pages 429-435
Back Matter....Pages 437-441
....Pages 443-456