Ebook: Neurobiology of the Inner Retina

The relatively simple, stratified nature of the retina and its spe- fied use in the visual process has long made it an inviting tissue to study both for its own sake and as a model for the more complex processes of the brain. For these dual purposes, the retina can be thought of as basically consisting of two functional pans. First, the outer retina, comprised of the photoreceptor cells and attendant pigment epithelium, serves to capture the photic energy and convert it into a neurochemical response. Second, the inner layers of the retina, mainly bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells (and their attendant Maller cells), function more clearly as a typical part of the CNS, transmitting the photic signals to the brain. Between the 8th and 12th of August 1988 more than seventy scientists from allover the world gathered in Oldenburg (Federal Republic of Gennany) for a meeting "The neurobiology of the inner retina" which was devoted entirely to the neural mechanism of the inner synaptic layer of the verte­ brate retina. The meeting comprised twenty - three separate lectures and four specially arranged discussion groups. In addition, a number of posters were displayed and a period was allotted specifically for the discussion of these posters. The articles contained in this book will serve as a record of the papers delivered at the Oldenburg Meeting and illustrate the advances made in trying to understand the importance of the diversity of amacrine cell morphology and physiology in retinal function.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XVI
Glutamate as a Retinal Neurotransmitter....Pages 1-14
The Release of Acetylcholine and Gaba by Neurons of the Rabbit Retina....Pages 15-26
Studies on the Localization of Serotonergic Neurones and the Types of Serotonin Receptors in the Mammalian Retina....Pages 27-39
The Function of Multiple Subclasses of GABA Receptors in Rabbit Retina....Pages 41-52
The Anatomy of Multiple Gabaergic and Glycinergic Pathways in the Inner Plexiform Layer of The Goldfish Retina....Pages 53-64
Distribution and Spatial Organization of Dopaminergic Interplexiform Cells in the Rat Retina....Pages 65-75
Neuronal and Glial Release of GABA from the Rat Retina....Pages 77-89
Transmitter-Specific Synaptic Contacts Involving Mixed Rod-Cone Bipolar Cell Terminals in Goldfish Retina....Pages 91-102
Efferent Projections to the Goldfish Retina....Pages 103-116
Correlation Between Electrophysiological Responses and Morphological Classes of Turtle Retinal Amacrine Cells....Pages 117-132
Dendritic Morphology of a Class of Interstitial Amacrine Cells in Carp Retina....Pages 133-143
How Many Amacrine Cells Does a Retina Need?....Pages 145-155
Dendritic Relationships between Cholinergic Amacrine Cells and Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells....Pages 157-168
Structural Organization and Development of Dorsally-Directed (Vertical) Asymmetrical Amacrine Cells in Rabbit Retina....Pages 169-180
Amacrine Cells and Control of Retinal Sensitivity....Pages 181-193
Structure-Function Correlation: Amacrine Cells of Fish and Amphibian Retinae....Pages 195-208
Integration of Synaptic Input from On and Off Pathways in Mudpuppy Retinal Ganglion Cells....Pages 209-220
Structure Function Relationships of Sustained on Ganglion Cells of the Mudpuppy Retina....Pages 221-234
Not by Ganglion Cells Alone: Directional Selectivity is Widespread in Identified Cells of the Turtle Retina....Pages 235-246
Pharmacological Modulation of the Dark Adapted Cat Retina....Pages 247-259
Expression of Tachykinin Peptides in the Mammalian Retina....Pages 261-274
The Coexistence of Multiple Neuroactive Substances in the Retina....Pages 275-293
Functional Studies on Enkephalin- and Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Amacrine Cells in the Chicken Retina....Pages 295-310
Physiology, Morphology and Activity of Amacrine Cells with Glucagon-Like Immunoreactivity in the Turtle Retina....Pages 311-322
Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors on Feline Retinal Ganglion Cells....Pages 323-334
Desegregation: Bussing of Signals Through the Retinal Network....Pages 335-347
Gaba-Activated Currents in Ganglion Cells Isolated From Goldfish Retina....Pages 349-361
The Function of Monoamines in the Rabbit Retina....Pages 363-374
A Role of the Angiotensin-Renin System for Retinal Neurotransmission?....Pages 375-387
Problems Posed by Primate Ganglion Cells for Functional Anatomy and Psychophysics....Pages 389-400
Amacrine-Bipolar Cell Interactions Mediate Change Detection in the Retina of the Tiger Salamander....Pages 401-411
Membrane Currents of Retinal Bipolar Cells: Goldfish vs. Mouse....Pages 413-424
Immunocytochemical Localization of Protein Kinase C in some Vertebrate Retinas....Pages 425-436
Muscarinic Inhibition of Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Rabbit Retinal Cells....Pages 437-444
Serotonergic Cells in the Chicken Retina....Pages 445-453
Peptide and Indoleamine Modulation of Spatial Response Properties in Turtle Retinal Ganglion Cells....Pages 455-460
Morphologies of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Neurons in the Rabbit Retina....Pages 461-468
Enkephalin Release and Enkephalin-Precursors in Chicken Retina....Pages 469-474
Putative Gabaergic Ganglion Cells in the Retina of Salamandrids: Evidence by Immunocytochemistry and Electrophysiology....Pages 475-480
Host and Graft Glial Cell Activities Following Retinal Transplantation to the Adult Rat Eye....Pages 481-486
Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Alpha-Bungarotoxin Binding in the Inner Retina of a Marine Teleost....Pages 487-493
Voltage Clamp Study of Amacrine Cells in Carp Retina....Pages 495-501
Carp Responses of Color Coded Ganglion Cells Evoked by Current Injection into Horizontal Cells....Pages 503-512
Bipolar Cells, Amacrine Cells and Ganglion Cells in the Retina of the Californian Slender Salamander, Batrachoseps Attenuatus (Amphibia, Urodela, Plethodontidae)....Pages 513-517
Are Orthogonal Arrays of Particles in Retinal M?ller (Glial) Cells Related To K+ Channels?....Pages 519-524
Back Matter....Pages 525-532

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages I-XVI
Glutamate as a Retinal Neurotransmitter....Pages 1-14
The Release of Acetylcholine and Gaba by Neurons of the Rabbit Retina....Pages 15-26
Studies on the Localization of Serotonergic Neurones and the Types of Serotonin Receptors in the Mammalian Retina....Pages 27-39
The Function of Multiple Subclasses of GABA Receptors in Rabbit Retina....Pages 41-52
The Anatomy of Multiple Gabaergic and Glycinergic Pathways in the Inner Plexiform Layer of The Goldfish Retina....Pages 53-64
Distribution and Spatial Organization of Dopaminergic Interplexiform Cells in the Rat Retina....Pages 65-75
Neuronal and Glial Release of GABA from the Rat Retina....Pages 77-89
Transmitter-Specific Synaptic Contacts Involving Mixed Rod-Cone Bipolar Cell Terminals in Goldfish Retina....Pages 91-102
Efferent Projections to the Goldfish Retina....Pages 103-116
Correlation Between Electrophysiological Responses and Morphological Classes of Turtle Retinal Amacrine Cells....Pages 117-132
Dendritic Morphology of a Class of Interstitial Amacrine Cells in Carp Retina....Pages 133-143
How Many Amacrine Cells Does a Retina Need?....Pages 145-155
Dendritic Relationships between Cholinergic Amacrine Cells and Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells....Pages 157-168
Structural Organization and Development of Dorsally-Directed (Vertical) Asymmetrical Amacrine Cells in Rabbit Retina....Pages 169-180
Amacrine Cells and Control of Retinal Sensitivity....Pages 181-193
Structure-Function Correlation: Amacrine Cells of Fish and Amphibian Retinae....Pages 195-208
Integration of Synaptic Input from On and Off Pathways in Mudpuppy Retinal Ganglion Cells....Pages 209-220
Structure Function Relationships of Sustained on Ganglion Cells of the Mudpuppy Retina....Pages 221-234
Not by Ganglion Cells Alone: Directional Selectivity is Widespread in Identified Cells of the Turtle Retina....Pages 235-246
Pharmacological Modulation of the Dark Adapted Cat Retina....Pages 247-259
Expression of Tachykinin Peptides in the Mammalian Retina....Pages 261-274
The Coexistence of Multiple Neuroactive Substances in the Retina....Pages 275-293
Functional Studies on Enkephalin- and Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Amacrine Cells in the Chicken Retina....Pages 295-310
Physiology, Morphology and Activity of Amacrine Cells with Glucagon-Like Immunoreactivity in the Turtle Retina....Pages 311-322
Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors on Feline Retinal Ganglion Cells....Pages 323-334
Desegregation: Bussing of Signals Through the Retinal Network....Pages 335-347
Gaba-Activated Currents in Ganglion Cells Isolated From Goldfish Retina....Pages 349-361
The Function of Monoamines in the Rabbit Retina....Pages 363-374
A Role of the Angiotensin-Renin System for Retinal Neurotransmission?....Pages 375-387
Problems Posed by Primate Ganglion Cells for Functional Anatomy and Psychophysics....Pages 389-400
Amacrine-Bipolar Cell Interactions Mediate Change Detection in the Retina of the Tiger Salamander....Pages 401-411
Membrane Currents of Retinal Bipolar Cells: Goldfish vs. Mouse....Pages 413-424
Immunocytochemical Localization of Protein Kinase C in some Vertebrate Retinas....Pages 425-436
Muscarinic Inhibition of Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Rabbit Retinal Cells....Pages 437-444
Serotonergic Cells in the Chicken Retina....Pages 445-453
Peptide and Indoleamine Modulation of Spatial Response Properties in Turtle Retinal Ganglion Cells....Pages 455-460
Morphologies of Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Neurons in the Rabbit Retina....Pages 461-468
Enkephalin Release and Enkephalin-Precursors in Chicken Retina....Pages 469-474
Putative Gabaergic Ganglion Cells in the Retina of Salamandrids: Evidence by Immunocytochemistry and Electrophysiology....Pages 475-480
Host and Graft Glial Cell Activities Following Retinal Transplantation to the Adult Rat Eye....Pages 481-486
Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Alpha-Bungarotoxin Binding in the Inner Retina of a Marine Teleost....Pages 487-493
Voltage Clamp Study of Amacrine Cells in Carp Retina....Pages 495-501
Carp Responses of Color Coded Ganglion Cells Evoked by Current Injection into Horizontal Cells....Pages 503-512
Bipolar Cells, Amacrine Cells and Ganglion Cells in the Retina of the Californian Slender Salamander, Batrachoseps Attenuatus (Amphibia, Urodela, Plethodontidae)....Pages 513-517
Are Orthogonal Arrays of Particles in Retinal M?ller (Glial) Cells Related To K+ Channels?....Pages 519-524
Back Matter....Pages 525-532
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