Ebook: Solar and Stellar Granulation

Robert J. Rutten Sterrekundig Instituut Utrecht, The Netherlands Why this workshop? Why this workshop? Or rather, since the real question that arose about a year ago was not whether there should be another OAC workshop, but only what it should be about: why a workshop on granulation? To answer this question I will play an unfair trick on you. I will simply present the scientific justification which I included last autumn in a grant application to NATO's Scientific Affairs Division. It lists the reasons why I thought a workshop on this particular topic and at this particular moment ought to be worthwhile. There must be something in its reasoning, because NATO has indeed agreed to co-sponsor this workshop, and because all of you have decided to spend time and effort on your contributions and to journey to this beautiful island in order to participate. But since the proof is in the pudding, I am eager to see whether indeed this workshop will be as outstanding as I have promised; in the meantime, you are entitled to know what we got you here for. The justification went as follows: "The subject 'granulation' has recently become a hot topic, at the center of much new research, observational as well as interpretational and theoretical, and both in solar physics and in stellar physics.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxvi
Workshop Introduction....Pages 1-5
Front Matter....Pages 7-7
Observations of the Solar Granulation at the Pic Du Midi Observatory and with Themis....Pages 9-12
The Gregory-Coud?-Telescope at the Observatorio Del Teide, Tenerife....Pages 13-16
The Status of the Latest German Solar Facility on Tenerife....Pages 17-23
Ground-Based Tunable Filter Observations....Pages 25-28
An Overview of the Orbiting Solar Laboratory....Pages 29-42
Solar Image Restoration by Adaptive Optics....Pages 43-53
Improving Solar Image Quality by Image Selection....Pages 55-60
Reconstruction from Focal Volume Information....Pages 61-69
Granulation in the Photospheres of Stars....Pages 71-73
Solar Granulation Speckle Interferometry Using Cross-Spectrum Techniques....Pages 75-75
Active Optics, Anisoplanatism, and the Correction of Astronomical Images....Pages 77-89
On Pressure Shifts of FeI Lines in Stellar Atmospheres....Pages 91-91
Pressure Broadening and Solar Spectral Line Bisectors....Pages 93-97
Front Matter....Pages 99-99
Solar Granulation : Overview....Pages 101-123
Line Shifts In The Infrared Spectra Of Late-Type Stars....Pages 125-134
Asymmetry of Absorption Lines in the Solar and Procyon Sprecta....Pages 135-143
Line Asymmetries in Late-Type Dwarf Photospheres....Pages 145-151
Challenges and Opportunities in Stellar Granulation Observations....Pages 153-160
High Resolution Granulation Observations from La Palma: Techniques and First Results....Pages 161-171
Front Matter....Pages 99-99
Spatially Resolved Spectra of Solar Granules....Pages 173-186
Granulation Line Asymmetries....Pages 187-193
Granulation and Waves?....Pages 195-205
High Resolution Diagnostic of the Mesocells in The Solar Temperature Minimum Region....Pages 207-215
Pole-Equator-Difference of the Size of the Chromospheric Ca II ’ K ’ Network in Quiet and Active Solar Regions....Pages 217-218
Temperature Waves and Solar Granulation....Pages 219-223
Flows, Random Motions and Oscillations in Solar Granulation Derived from the Soup Instrument on Spacelab 2....Pages 225-252
Granulation in and out of Magnetic Region....Pages 253-271
Observation and Interpretation of Photospheric Line Asymmetry Changes Near Active Regions....Pages 273-281
Line Bisectors in and out Magnetic Regions....Pages 283-287
RMS Velocities in Solar Active Regions....Pages 289-294
Report on the Session: Position and Discussion: Solar Data....Pages 295-297
The Limb Effect of the Ki 769.9 Nm Line in Quiet Regions....Pages 299-303
Vortex Motion of the Solar Granulation....Pages 305-310
The Granulation Sensitivity Of Neutral Metal Lines....Pages 311-312
Granule Lifetimes and Dimensions as Function of Distance from a Solar Pore Region....Pages 313-323
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Waves in the Solar Atmosphere....Pages 325-325
On Toe Granule Lifetime Near And Far Away From Sunspots....Pages 327-331
Observations Of High Frequency Waves in the Solar Atmosphere....Pages 333-345
Photoelectric Analysis Of The Solar Granulation In IR....Pages 347-348
Front Matter....Pages 99-99
Constraints Imposed by Very High Resolution Spectra and Images on Theoretical Simulations of Granular Convection....Pages 349-357
The Variation of the Mean Size of the Photospheric Granules Near and Far from a Sunspot....Pages 359-363
Abnormal Granulation....Pages 365-365
Supergranular Pattern Formed by the Large Granules....Pages 367-369
Details of Large Scale Solar Motions Revealed by Granulation Test Particles....Pages 371-377
Front Matter....Pages 379-379
Convection And Waves....Pages 381-399
How Much Can Theoretical Models of Compressible Convection Tell Us about Solar Granulation?....Pages 401-413
Two and Three-Dimensional Simulations of Compressible Convection....Pages 415-423
Spectroscopic Properties of Solar Granulation obtained from 2-D Numerical Simulations....Pages 425-439
On the Influence of Opacity Fluctuations on the Energy Transfer by Radiation....Pages 441-452
Simulating Magnetoconvection....Pages 453-470
Time Dependent Compressible Magnetoconvection....Pages 471-480
Models of Magnetic Flux Sheets....Pages 481-492
Stellar Granulation: Modeling Of Stellar Surfaces And Photospheric Line Asymmetries....Pages 493-519
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Convective Motions in the Procyon Envelope....Pages 521-531
Numerical Simulations of Gas Flows in an A-Type Stellar Atmosphere....Pages 533-546
Inhomogeneous chromospheric structures in the atmosphere of Arcturus generated by acoustic wave propagation....Pages 547-553
Interaction Of Solar Granulation With Weak And Strong Magnetic Fields....Pages 555-564
Granulation and the NLTE Formation Of K I 769.9....Pages 565-566
The Effects of Inhomogeneities in 3-D Models on Abundance Determinations....Pages 567-569
Front Matter....Pages 379-379
2D Flux Tube in Radiative Equilibrium....Pages 571-581
Isolated Magnetohydrodynamic Thermal Eddies in a Thermally Stratified Fluid....Pages 583-588
What do the MG II Lines Tell Us About Waves and Magnetic Fields?....Pages 589-593
A Simple Model of Mesogranular and Supergranular Flows....Pages 595-599
Probing Op Sunspot Umbral Structure By Oscillations....Pages 601-605
Workshop Impressions....Pages 607-613
Back Matter....Pages 615-661

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxvi
Workshop Introduction....Pages 1-5
Front Matter....Pages 7-7
Observations of the Solar Granulation at the Pic Du Midi Observatory and with Themis....Pages 9-12
The Gregory-Coud?-Telescope at the Observatorio Del Teide, Tenerife....Pages 13-16
The Status of the Latest German Solar Facility on Tenerife....Pages 17-23
Ground-Based Tunable Filter Observations....Pages 25-28
An Overview of the Orbiting Solar Laboratory....Pages 29-42
Solar Image Restoration by Adaptive Optics....Pages 43-53
Improving Solar Image Quality by Image Selection....Pages 55-60
Reconstruction from Focal Volume Information....Pages 61-69
Granulation in the Photospheres of Stars....Pages 71-73
Solar Granulation Speckle Interferometry Using Cross-Spectrum Techniques....Pages 75-75
Active Optics, Anisoplanatism, and the Correction of Astronomical Images....Pages 77-89
On Pressure Shifts of FeI Lines in Stellar Atmospheres....Pages 91-91
Pressure Broadening and Solar Spectral Line Bisectors....Pages 93-97
Front Matter....Pages 99-99
Solar Granulation : Overview....Pages 101-123
Line Shifts In The Infrared Spectra Of Late-Type Stars....Pages 125-134
Asymmetry of Absorption Lines in the Solar and Procyon Sprecta....Pages 135-143
Line Asymmetries in Late-Type Dwarf Photospheres....Pages 145-151
Challenges and Opportunities in Stellar Granulation Observations....Pages 153-160
High Resolution Granulation Observations from La Palma: Techniques and First Results....Pages 161-171
Front Matter....Pages 99-99
Spatially Resolved Spectra of Solar Granules....Pages 173-186
Granulation Line Asymmetries....Pages 187-193
Granulation and Waves?....Pages 195-205
High Resolution Diagnostic of the Mesocells in The Solar Temperature Minimum Region....Pages 207-215
Pole-Equator-Difference of the Size of the Chromospheric Ca II ’ K ’ Network in Quiet and Active Solar Regions....Pages 217-218
Temperature Waves and Solar Granulation....Pages 219-223
Flows, Random Motions and Oscillations in Solar Granulation Derived from the Soup Instrument on Spacelab 2....Pages 225-252
Granulation in and out of Magnetic Region....Pages 253-271
Observation and Interpretation of Photospheric Line Asymmetry Changes Near Active Regions....Pages 273-281
Line Bisectors in and out Magnetic Regions....Pages 283-287
RMS Velocities in Solar Active Regions....Pages 289-294
Report on the Session: Position and Discussion: Solar Data....Pages 295-297
The Limb Effect of the Ki 769.9 Nm Line in Quiet Regions....Pages 299-303
Vortex Motion of the Solar Granulation....Pages 305-310
The Granulation Sensitivity Of Neutral Metal Lines....Pages 311-312
Granule Lifetimes and Dimensions as Function of Distance from a Solar Pore Region....Pages 313-323
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Waves in the Solar Atmosphere....Pages 325-325
On Toe Granule Lifetime Near And Far Away From Sunspots....Pages 327-331
Observations Of High Frequency Waves in the Solar Atmosphere....Pages 333-345
Photoelectric Analysis Of The Solar Granulation In IR....Pages 347-348
Front Matter....Pages 99-99
Constraints Imposed by Very High Resolution Spectra and Images on Theoretical Simulations of Granular Convection....Pages 349-357
The Variation of the Mean Size of the Photospheric Granules Near and Far from a Sunspot....Pages 359-363
Abnormal Granulation....Pages 365-365
Supergranular Pattern Formed by the Large Granules....Pages 367-369
Details of Large Scale Solar Motions Revealed by Granulation Test Particles....Pages 371-377
Front Matter....Pages 379-379
Convection And Waves....Pages 381-399
How Much Can Theoretical Models of Compressible Convection Tell Us about Solar Granulation?....Pages 401-413
Two and Three-Dimensional Simulations of Compressible Convection....Pages 415-423
Spectroscopic Properties of Solar Granulation obtained from 2-D Numerical Simulations....Pages 425-439
On the Influence of Opacity Fluctuations on the Energy Transfer by Radiation....Pages 441-452
Simulating Magnetoconvection....Pages 453-470
Time Dependent Compressible Magnetoconvection....Pages 471-480
Models of Magnetic Flux Sheets....Pages 481-492
Stellar Granulation: Modeling Of Stellar Surfaces And Photospheric Line Asymmetries....Pages 493-519
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Convective Motions in the Procyon Envelope....Pages 521-531
Numerical Simulations of Gas Flows in an A-Type Stellar Atmosphere....Pages 533-546
Inhomogeneous chromospheric structures in the atmosphere of Arcturus generated by acoustic wave propagation....Pages 547-553
Interaction Of Solar Granulation With Weak And Strong Magnetic Fields....Pages 555-564
Granulation and the NLTE Formation Of K I 769.9....Pages 565-566
The Effects of Inhomogeneities in 3-D Models on Abundance Determinations....Pages 567-569
Front Matter....Pages 379-379
2D Flux Tube in Radiative Equilibrium....Pages 571-581
Isolated Magnetohydrodynamic Thermal Eddies in a Thermally Stratified Fluid....Pages 583-588
What do the MG II Lines Tell Us About Waves and Magnetic Fields?....Pages 589-593
A Simple Model of Mesogranular and Supergranular Flows....Pages 595-599
Probing Op Sunspot Umbral Structure By Oscillations....Pages 601-605
Workshop Impressions....Pages 607-613
Back Matter....Pages 615-661
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