Ebook: Inner-Shell and X-Ray Physics of Atoms and Solids

A wide range of atomic and solid state phenomena is studied today by means of x-ray excitation or inner-shell ionization, as this volume strikingly illustrates. The strong link between these two fields of investigation is partly the result of the extensive developments within each and also largely due to the broad variety of theoretical and experimental techniques now available. All im­ portant recent advances are to be found highlighted here; most are substantially reviewed. Two dominant research threads are evident in, the chapters of this book. While clearly distinguishable, they are inescapably en­ twined. One is concerned with x-ray processes as probes for the study of solid-state effects, the other with the measurement and interpretation of inner-shell and bremsstrahlung processes in iso­ lated systems. In the first, a given material is made the target in an x-ray tube; in the second, free atoms form the target while a solid material can be used when the effect of the solid environ­ ment on the excitation processes is negligible. Thus, although inner-shell ionization is predominantly concerned with atoms and x-ray processes with the solid state, there are large regions of overlap which have arisen when a given research technique has de­ veloped from studies in both areas. To bring out these features we have arranged the chapters in the order: atomic, solid-state, chemical.

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Content:
Front Matter....Pages i-xxv
Inner-Shell Excitation Investigated by Particle-Photon Coincidences....Pages 1-12
K-Shell Ionization by Light Ions: Comparison between Published Cross Sections and Theories....Pages 13-16
K-Shell Ionization Cross-Sections by Low-Energy Charged Particles....Pages 17-20
Coulomb Retardation and Energy-Loss Effects in Ion-Induced K-Shell Ionisation....Pages 21-26
L-Shell Ionization of Gold by Heavy-Ion Impact....Pages 27-30
Three-Component Model Analysis of C1 Projectile Hypersatellite K X-Ray Intensities vs C Foil Thickness....Pages 31-36
An Analytical Expression for the Energy Differential PWBA K-Shell Ionization Cross Section....Pages 37-40
A Simple Manner to Take into Account the Correct Limits of Integration in PWBA....Pages 41-42
A Closed Formula for Low Velocity K-Shell Ionization Cross Section and the Universal Function in PWBA....Pages 43-47
Inner Shell Excitation in Very-Heavy Ion-Atom Collisions....Pages 49-62
Cross Section for L-Shell Excitation in 6–40 keV Ar+-SiH4 Collisions....Pages 63-65
K-Shell Excitation Mechanism in Close Impact Parameter Collisions between Ni Ions and Ni, Zr, Ag, Te, and Au Targets....Pages 67-70
X-Ray Production Cross Section for a Thin Solid Be-Target with Light Ions....Pages 71-74
Outer Shell Projectile Ionization in Very Fast Heavy Ion Collisions....Pages 75-78
Angular Correlation in Inner-Shell Processes....Pages 79-88
Influence of Coulomb Deflection On L3-Subshell Alignment....Pages 89-92
Measurements of the Angular Distribution of K-Shell Photoelectrons at Photon Energies of 1384 and 6756 Kev for Z=92....Pages 93-96
Relativity: X-Ray and Auger Transitions....Pages 97-107
Autoionization of Helium Induced by Heavy Ion Impact....Pages 109-112
Recent Results on Radiative Electron Capture....Pages 113-116
Molecular Orbital X-Ray Emission in Heavy Ion Collisions....Pages 117-126
Multiple Ionization and Excitation Processes in Single Ion-Atom Collisions....Pages 127-144
Selective Electron Capture into Highly Charged Ions Studied by X-Rays and Auger Electrons....Pages 145-150
Charge States of Ne and Ar Ions Scattered to Large Angles by Ar Atoms for Collision Energies up to 3.0 MeV....Pages 151-152
Krypton K?/K? Intensity Ratios for 6 MEV/AMU Ion Bombardment....Pages 153-156
K?/K? Intensity Ratio of Si Induced by Proton Bombardment....Pages 157-158
Fine and Hyperfine Structure in the Angular Distribution of Electrons from Autoionising States....Pages 159-161
Mechanisms for Energy Shifts in Atomic K X-Ray Spectra....Pages 163-178
Coherent Absorption and Emission Processes of Energetic Particles Penetrating Crystals....Pages 179-188
Target Thickness Dependence of K X-Ray Production Cross-Sections in 80–150 MeV Cu + C, Al, Cu, Ag Collisions....Pages 189-192
In Search of Collective Electron Emission from Heavy Ion Solid Collisions....Pages 193-196
Projectile and Target X-Ray Energy Shifts in Heavy Ion-Atom Collisions....Pages 197-200
Alignment of Fast Molecular Ions....Pages 201-203
Chemical Effect on Ion-Induced L X-Ray Spectra of Transition Elements....Pages 205-208
Relativistic Many-Electron SCF Correlation Diagram for Pb-Pb....Pages 209-211
The Experimental Relative Intensity K?/K? in Elements with Z = 52,55,56....Pages 213-216
The Experimental Relative Intensity L?4/L?6 for Gold as a Function of the Excitation Voltage....Pages 217-218
Experimental Relative Intensity Ratios of the Transitions L1 ? N2 and L1 ? N3, in Elements with Z > 57....Pages 219-220
X-Ray Spectroscopy of Superheavy Quasimolecules....Pages 221-230
Relativistic Effects in the 2s-2p Excitation of Hydrogenic Ions by Proton Impact....Pages 231-234
The Coherent Coulomb Ionisation of the 1s? Molecular Orbital in Slow Asymmetric Collisions (I) The Integrated Cross Section....Pages 235-238
The Coherent Coulomb Ionisation of the 1s? Molecular Orbital in Slow Asymmetric Collisions (II) Comparison with Experiment....Pages 239-242
The Double-Excitation of the Li 1s(2s2p 1P)2P Term by Proton Impact....Pages 243-246
A One-and-a-Half Centered Expansion for Ion-Atom Collisions....Pages 247-250
The Creation and Decay of Inner-Shell Vacancies as a Single Scattering Process....Pages 251-260
Theory of Multi-State Rotational Coupling Relevant to Inner-Shell Excitation....Pages 261-264
Many Body Effects in the L23 X-Ray and Auger Spectra of Argon....Pages 265-268
Inner Shell Ionization in Beta Decay....Pages 269-272
Near Threshold Structure in the Atomic K-Shell Spectra for Ionization by Photons or Fast Charged Particles....Pages 273-276
Universal Cross Sections for K-Shell Ionization by Low-Velocity Protons: Importance of Relativistic and Energy-Loss Effects....Pages 277-280
Two-Electrons One-Photon K X-Ray Decay Rate For Ni....Pages 281-284
Contributions of the Relativistic Current-Current Interactions to the Decay of the 1s2s2p 4P J = 1/2 and 3/2 Levels....Pages 285-288
Internal Ionization Accompanying the Electron Capture Decay of Argon-37....Pages 289-292
Double Internal Bremsstrahlung in the L-Electron Capture Decay of 37Ar....Pages 293-294
Towards a Complete Theory of K Electron Ejection During ? Decay: An Examination of the Direct Collision Mechanism....Pages 295-299
K-Shell Ionisation in the Positron Decay Branch of 64Cu....Pages 301-304
Inner-Shell Rearrangement (Exchange Correction) in Internal Conversion....Pages 305-308
Double Electron Ejection in the Decay of 113mIn....Pages 309-312
Two-Parameter Coincidence Measurements of Bremsstrahlung, Electron-Electron Bremsstrahlung, and K-Shell Ionisation for 300-keV Electron Impact....Pages 313-318
3d Auger and 3p Coster-Kronig Spectrum of Free Rubidium Atoms....Pages 319-322
L Subshell Ionization Cross Sections of Free Xenon Atoms by Electron Impact at Low Energies....Pages 323-326
Near K-Ionization Threshold Auger Electron Measurements for Neon Under Electron Impact....Pages 327-330
Inner-Shell Ionization by Relativistic Electron Impact: Density Effect, Fluorescence Yield and Multiple Ionization....Pages 331-335
L-Subshell Ionization of Gold by Low Energy Electrons....Pages 337-340
K-Shell Excitation in Nearly Symmetric Ion-Atom Collisions At Large Scattering Angles....Pages 341-344
Impact-Parameter Dependence of Ar L-Shell Excitation in Slow Ar-Ar Collisions....Pages 345-348
Ionization of the 3d? State and K-L Vacancy Sharing in Heavy Ion-Atom Collisions....Pages 349-352
The Influence of the Nuclear Lifetime on Innershell Ionisation in the Case of Resonant Proton Capture....Pages 353-356
Prompt and Time-Delayed Electron Decay-in-Flight Spectra of Gas-Excited Carbon Ions....Pages 357-360
Impact Parameter Dependence of K-Shell Ionization in Collisions of Cu Ions with Cu, Ge and Ag Atoms....Pages 361-365
Electron Bremsstrahlung X80: Theory and Recent Developments....Pages 367-378
On the Z-Dependence of Bremsstrahlung Cross Sections....Pages 379-382
Atomic Field Bremsstrahlung — Comparison Between Theory and Experiment....Pages 383-386
Calculation of Positron Bremsstrahlung Cross Sections....Pages 387-390
Rayleigh Scattering at X-Ray Energies....Pages 391-394
Inner Shell Photoionization Studies of Atoms and Molecules Using Synchrotron Radiation....Pages 395-404
Inner Shell Photoemission Studies of Alkali Metals in the 40 to 80 eV Photon Energy Range....Pages 405-409
Resonant Auger Effect in Inner Shell Photoabsorption and Photoelectron Spectra....Pages 411-414
Effect of Initial Vacancy Configuration Interaction on the K and L1 Auger Spectra....Pages 415-418
M4,5N4,5N4,5 Auger Electron Spectra of Elements from Silver (Z = 47) to Xenon (Z = 54)....Pages 419-422
Radiative Auger Emission Spectra of Sodium Metal and Oxide....Pages 423-426
New Measurements of the K-Absorption Spectrum of Atomic Sodium....Pages 427-428
Photoemission Investigation of Inner Shells with Synchrotron Radiation....Pages 429-441
Resonant Behaviour of X-Ray Intensities in Some 3d — Transition Metals Near the 2p — Threshold....Pages 443-446
Resonant Emission at the 3d Threshold of Rare-Earth Elements....Pages 447-450
Photoemission from Solids: The Transition from Solid-State to Atomic Physics....Pages 451-454
Angle-Resolved X-Ray Photoemission Studies of Surface Atomic Geometries and Bulk Valence Bands....Pages 455-465
Spin Polarization of Energy-Resolved Photoelectrons from Solid Cesium....Pages 467-480
Screening Effects in Core-Level Spectroscopies....Pages 481-484
Effect of Hole Mobility on Valence Band Photoemission Spectra of Metals....Pages 485-488
Angle-Resolved Photoemission from Single Crystal Cu-Ni Alloys....Pages 489-492
Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectra of Copper and Nickel....Pages 493-497
Relaxation Effects on Binding Energy Shifts in Barium and Some of its Compounds....Pages 499-502
Extra-Atomic Relaxation Energies from the Auger Parameter and the Manne-?berg Sum Rule....Pages 503-508
The Two-Hole [3d2] Configuration in the L? Satellite Spectrum and the L3-M4,5M4,5 Auger Spectrum of Silver....Pages 509-512
Determination of the 4f Level in Barium....Pages 513-516
The Influence of Electron Energy Losses on the Continuous Isochromat Structure for Different Threshold Energies....Pages 517-520
Bremsstrahlung Isochromats of Transition Metal Carbides....Pages 521-524
Extended X-Ray Isochromat Fine Structure....Pages 525-528
Excitation Energy Dependence of Soft X-Ray Photoemission Spectra....Pages 529-532
Breakdown of the One-Electron Picture in XPS, XES and AES Spectra Involving 4s and 4p Holes in 46Pd to 54Xe....Pages 533-540
A New Approach to Autoionization in Two — Electron Atoms....Pages 541-544
Many-Electron Effects in the Core-Level Photoelectron Spectra of Narrow-Band Solids: Some Model Calculations....Pages 545-547
Frequency Dependence of the Exponents in Anomalous X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy of Metals and the Related Problems....Pages 549-553
Theory of Multi-Electron Recoil Effects on X-Ray Lineshapes of Metals....Pages 555-558
X-Ray Edges Using a Non-Separable Potential....Pages 559-562
Many-Body Theory of Core-Valence Excitations....Pages 563-566
Two-Particle-Hole Tamm-Dancoff Green Function Applied to the Calculation of Atomic Ionization Energies....Pages 567-569
Electronic Structure of Glassy Transition Metal Alloys....Pages 571-574
X-Ray Spectra of Amorphous and Crystalline GaP....Pages 575-584
SXS of Some Cadmium A2B6 Semiconductor Compounds....Pages 585-588
Study of the Electron Structure of V2O5(V6O13) by Appearance Potential Spectroscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy....Pages 589-592
Polarized X-Ray K-Emission Bands of Gallium and Selenium in GaSe and GaS....Pages 593-596
X-Ray Photoelectron Studies of Aluminium Transition-Metal Alloys....Pages 597-600
XUV Absorption and Electron Energy Losses in NaBr....Pages 601-604
Soft X-Ray and Photoemission Spectroscopy of Random Alloys....Pages 605-608
Electronic States in LicMg1-c Alloys: Soft X-Ray Emission Spectra....Pages 609-618
The Emission and Absorption Edges of Lithium and Magnesium in Li-Mg Alloys....Pages 619-624
Interpretation of the X-Ray Emission Spectra from FeAl, CoAl and NiAl....Pages 625-629
Experimental Results of Soft X-Ray Emission Spectra from FeAl, CoAl and NiAl....Pages 631-634
A Soft X-Ray Spectrometer and Some New Results on the Systems ZrAlFe and YAlFe....Pages 635-639
Photoabsorption Study of the Fe-Ni-Se Alloy System....Pages 641-646
X-Ray Spectroscopic Studies of the Alloy Cu-Sb....Pages 647-650
EXAFS Study of the Zinc Chalcogenides and the Theoretical Amplitude of the Fine Structure....Pages 651-652
Extended Appearance Potential Fine Structure (EAPFS) as a Tool for Analyzing the Geometrical Properties of Solid Surfaces....Pages 653-666
K-Absorption Edge Structures in Gases, Crystals and Polymers....Pages 667-670
Experimental Investigation of the Systematic k- and Z-Dependence of EXAFS Back-Scattering Amplitudes and Comparison with Theory....Pages 671-674
K-Edge Absorption Spectra of Free and Bound Potassium Ion....Pages 675-678
EXAFS in Specular Reflection....Pages 679-682
X-Ray Absorption Studies of Some Transition Metal Salinazids....Pages 683-686
A Study of EXAFS Associated with the Manganese K Absorption Discontinuity in the Metal and Compounds....Pages 687-690
X-Ray Spectroscopic Studies of RMn2 and RPt2 Intermetallics....Pages 691-694
Chemical Shifts in X-Ray Emission....Pages 695-698
The Chemical Structure of Complex Compounds Studied by X-Ray Emission and Quantum Yield Spectra....Pages 699-706
Configuration Interaction in the L2,3 X-Ray Spectrum of Potassium Chloride....Pages 707-712
MO X?-Study of the X-Ray Emission Spectra of Octahedral Carbonyl and Cyanide Complexes of 3d-Metals....Pages 713-716
Study of Ferroelectric Perovskites by X-Ray Absorption....Pages 717-721
Oxygen K Emission Studies with a 5M Grating Spectrograph....Pages 723-726
Study of the Binding of Metal Ions to Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids by X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy....Pages 727-730
Calculations of X-Ray Spectra Using the SCP Method: Local Partial and Total Densities of States and Polarization....Pages 731-732
Calculations Studying the Influence of the Defect Structure of NbO on its X-Ray Emission Spectra....Pages 733-736
Chemical Effects in K?/K? X-Ray Emission Intensities from First-Row Transition Element Compounds....Pages 737-740
Bremsstrahlung Isochromats of Cr90Al10 Alloy....Pages 741-743
5p?3d Emission Transitions in Gd and Tb....Pages 745-748
Experimental and Theoretical Study of K Band Emission of Nickel....Pages 749-752
High-Resolution L X-Ray Spectrum of Niobium....Pages 753-756
On the X-Ray Excitonic State....Pages 757-760
Fluorescent Emission and Scattering Spectra of Lithium Compounds by Using Synchrotron Orbital Radiation....Pages 761-764
Exchange Banding of Core-Hole States and its Effects on Inner-Shell Spectroscopies....Pages 765-773
Radiative Decay of Core Excitation States in CsCl....Pages 775-778
Theory of Core Excitons....Pages 779-783
X-Ray Absorption Spectrum of Germanium in the Energy Range 12 to 13 Kev: Evidence of Doubly Ionized Inner-Shells....Pages 785-788
L? and L? Satellites of Copper: A Theoretical Description by an SCF Method Including Spin-Orbit Interaction....Pages 789-792
Spectroscopy of Impurities in Metals and on Metal Surfaces....Pages 793-796
Core Excited States in the XUV Absorption Spectra of Boron, Carbon, Silicon and Titanium Fluorides. X?MT Calculations....Pages 797-800
Satellite X-Ray Lines and KLL Auger Electrons from Fluorine Compounds....Pages 801-804
Anisotropic Emission of X-Radiation....Pages 805-810
Angular Resolved X-Ray Emission from Molybdenum Disulphide....Pages 811-814
Studies on the Anisotropic X-Ray Emission of Graphite....Pages 815-823
Self-Absorption Studies of the Emission and Absorption Edges of the Light Metals....Pages 825-828
Inner-Shell Excitations in Molecules: Independent Particle Models and Their Limitations....Pages 829-832
Theory of Molecular X-Ray Emission Satellites Produced by Two-Center Vacancy Initial States....Pages 833-836
The Evaluation of Satellites Including TCV Initial State Transitions in the Cl L Emission Spectra of KCl....Pages 837-840
Calculations of X-Ray Spectra Using the Discrete Variational X? Cluster Method....Pages 841-844
High Resolution Absorption Spectroscopy in the Ultrasoft X-Ray Region Using Conventional X-Ray Techniques....Pages 845-848
X-Ray Radiation from Tokamaks....Pages 849-852
High Resolution X-Ray Spectra from the Alcator Tokamak....Pages 853-856
X-Ray Anomalous Scattering Factors — Measurements and Applications....Pages 857-860
Measurement of Anomalous X-Ray Reflectivity of Mica Crystals in the Soft X-Ray Range....Pages 861-870
X-Ray Optical Instruments Employing Layered Synthetic Microstructures....Pages 871-874
Interferometric Determination of Dispersion Corrections....Pages 875-884
M Series X-Ray Emission Lines of Mercury....Pages 885-888
An Evaluation of Techniques for the Measurement of X-Ray Attenuation Coefficients....Pages 889-892
X-Ray Diffraction Properties and Applications of Layered Synthetic Microstructures in the 1 to 10 ?ngstrom Region....Pages 893-896
Spectroscopy of Inelastically Scattered X-Rays Using a Position-Sensitive Proportional Counter....Pages 897-900
A Fast Soft X-Ray Spectrograph....Pages 901-904
Detector Efficiency Calibration Sources at Photon Energies Below 4 keV....Pages 905-908
Energy-Dispersive Measurements of K? X-Ray Linewidths and Relative Intensities....Pages 909-912
Absorption Spectroscopy of the Carbon K Edge in Polymers with a Doppler Tuned X-Ray Monochromator....Pages 913-915
Back Matter....Pages 917-921
....Pages 923-926